scholarly journals ETHICAL ASPECTS OF COMMERCIAL SURROGACY

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Racheli SILVERN ◽  
Stefan COJOCARU
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Global Village ◽  
Insurance Law ◽  
Commercial Surrogacy ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
State Health Insurance ◽  
Newborn Child ◽  
The Government

Surrogacy is an initiated process, whereby intended parents wish to have a child by having an embryo carried in another woman’s womb and, after the birth, the baby is given to the intended parents. In Israel, giving birth and motherhood are perceived to great extent as a significant, essential and natural component of female identity and the existence of children is perceived as a vital and central element of couple-hood and family. The Israeli society encourages fertility and family expansion. This is illustrated by the support of surrogacy and fertility treatments pursuant to the Israeli Embryo Carrying Agreement Law (Agreement Authorization and Status of the Newborn Child) legislated in 1996. On the other hand, the government limits the supply of contraceptives that are included in the authorized list of medicines, pursuant to the State Health Insurance Law (Ministry of Health, 1994). Surrogacy constitutes a solution for people who wish to give birth to a child but they are unable to do so. The issue raises ethical dilemmas in the global village in which we are living. This dilemma has become more prominent in the present age, due to the corona virus crisis that entailed cancelling all flights and forcing each country to close its borders to foreign travelers. In this study, the aim is to explore and comprehend the process of surrogacy according to the economic sociological theory, called the agency theory; the relationships between the parties to the agreement; and the ethical issues stemming from this issue.

https://stratfordjournals.org/journals/index.php/Journal-of-Information-and-Techn/article/view/81018102t5028

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Masum Wang Sargolzaei
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Computer Ethics ◽  
Personal Privacy ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Technological Growth ◽  
The Government ◽  
Science Instructors ◽  
Technology Growth

New advancements especially in the field of information technology has actually brought new scientific gains to humans however it ought to be noted that the entry of new scientific and technological areas will constantly require to have ethical issues and restrictions. The purpose of the study was to analyze the ethical issues in computer as an instrument to technology growth in China. The study was literature review based. The participants of the study contained 20 computer system experts. 10 of them were graduates of computer education and educational technologies divisions, who worked as computer science instructors in China. Structured interviews were conducted with participants to identify their point of views concerning research study questions. Unauthorized access to the systems which is hacking is done utilizing different and new techniques and is increasing each day. Computer ethics has long been taken into consideration by the scientists. Interviews were organized separately with each participant in time slots and places they determined. The study concluded that computer ethics with a reference to personal privacy, accuracy, building and availability; investigated the beginnings of these issues; growth of internet and computer technology globally has resulted in the growth of new types of global criminal offense specifically Internet associated. The research suggested that the government of China should develop and apply a minimum set of directing rules of conduct that would certainly help with effective communications and reliable commerce via making use of electronic medium and to make certain the precision of data, in addition to shielding it from unauthorized accessibility or unintentional disclosure to improper people. Keywords: Ethical Issues, Computer, Technological Growth, China

Quality Action to Accelerate Fair Accessibility Through Law of Telecommunication

2020 ◽  
pp. 1169-1185
Author(s):  
Agus Pramono ◽  
P.L. Rika Fatimah ◽  
Ivan Lanovara
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
National Development ◽  
Global Village ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
The Government ◽  
Foreign Direct Investiment

This article describes how telecommunication has a strategic role in national development, which requires a large amount of funding in Indonesia, in spite of the limited financial support from the government. The dynamics of telecommunication law has provided a clear direction, from monopoly to healthy competition. It is important for foreign investment to be an option that needs to be harmonized with the applicable law of telecommunication. Four main constructs have been identified as important issues to be discussed are Social Welfare (SW); Global Village (GV); Foreign Direct Investiment (FDI); and Law Telecomunication (LT). In conclusion, two quality actions are proposed to accelerate fair accesibility through law of telecommunication in global village setting. The first quality action is to accelerate SW through fair accessibility in GV setting and FDI. The second quality action is to accelerate SW through fair accessibility based on FDI and LT.

Policy Options for E-Education in Nigeria

2011 ◽  
pp. 3098-3104
Author(s):  
Wole Michael Olatokun
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Global Village ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Government ◽  
Free Flow Of Information ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Flow Of Information

Information and communication technology (ICT) has turned the world into a global village, and its impact is being felt in all spheres of life. Though it has been rightly said that what is wrong with education cannot be fixed with technology; there is no doubt that modern life is dominated by technology. In today’s globalized world, there is a universal recognition of the need to use ICT in education because the free flow of information via satellite and the Internet hold sway in global information dissemination of knowledge. The application of ICT to education brought about the concept of e-education. This chapter considers the concept of e-education vis a vis the provisions of the national policy for information technology, and gives a state of the art with regard to some e-education initiatives that have been embarked upon by the government, nongovernmental organizations, and other stakeholders in the country. It also identified the challenges constraining the effective deployment and exploitation of ICT for teaching and learning in the Nigerian education system, and recommends some policy options for the development of e-education in the country. The next section gives a background to the concept of e-education.

Ethics of Electronic Health Record Systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 1467-1484
Author(s):  
Brian J. Galli
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Health Record ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Meaningful Use ◽  
Health Record ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Incentive Programs ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
The Government

This article describes how healthcare and IT are combatting the ethical implications of electronic health records (EHRs) in order to make them adopted by over 90% of small practices. There is a lack of trust in EHRs and uneasiness about what they will accomplish. Furthermore, security concerns have become more prevalent as a result of increased hacker activity. The objective of this article is to analyze these ethical issues in an effort to eliminate them as a hinderance to EHR implementation. As of now, 98% of all hospitals use EHRs. Between 2009 and 2015, the government allocated money and resources for incentive programs to get EHRs into every healthcare providers' office. During this time period, over $800 million dollars facilitated EHR implementation. Using this as a tool EHRs negative perception can be revitalized and combated with the meaningful use program. This article will highlight the ethical implications of EHRs and suggest ways in which to avoid them to make EHRs available in every healthcare provider.

The “Government of the Sertões and Indians”

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-39
Author(s):  
Rafael Chambouleyron
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sugar Plantations ◽  
The Government

AbstractThis article discusses the role played by the production of sugar and cane liquor (aguardente) in the seventeenth and early eighteenth-century Amazon region. It shows how the development of sugar production had a double significance: sugar plantations had to produce a commodity that could be exported so as to generate revenues for the Royal Treasury, but they also had to produce aguardente for domestic consumption (including by those Indians who worked for the Portuguese). This domestic production provoked distrust on the part of the Crown, since it was believed to threaten sugar production overall. Nevertheless, aguardente production became a central element in the Portuguese dominion of the sertões (or sertão, the hinterland), while continuing to increase the revenues of the royal treasury.

scholarly journals Factoring digital health for improved outcomes in management of Non Communicable Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Neera Gupta ◽  
Tushar Dixit ◽  
Vikram K.
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Health Information Technology ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
The Government

AbstractMake in India is a flagship campaign from the Government of India which is aimed at various sectors. Indian health-care system can take advantages by introducing digital technologies to health care. The possible uses of health information technology as a method to engage with people involving communicable and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are wide-ranging. Health information technology can support interventions for prevention, diagnosis, managing surveillance, disease monitoring, and treatment compliance of many conditions. Digital health can offer various technologies such as wearables that are tracked by various mobile or smartphone applications to facilitates patient engagement, self-monitoring, and implementing behavior changes in NCDs such as diabetes. By incorporating the interactive audiovisual items, the digital health tools can create greater interest and engage people from different geographies, age, gender, and culture. Currently, the common digital heath tech issues include hesitancy from doctors to adopt any new product or technology, difficulty in reaching and accessing the needy patients, cultural diversity in population, and inadequate infrastructure. The ethical issues of consent, data security, and privacy of patients need to be addressed as they are highly sensitive in nature.

scholarly journals Rationalisation of Nursing Education in Limpopo province: Nurse educators’ perspectives

Curationis ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
T.R. Makhuvha ◽  
M. Davhana-Maselesele ◽  
V.O. Netshandama
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
Nurse Educators ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Process Data ◽  
The Government

Nursing education institutions are facing a challenge of realigning its functioning according to the changes that are taking place within the country. The intention of the government post apartheid was to correct the imbalances which were brought about by the apartheid government and the following regulations and policies influenced the change in nursing education, that is, Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP), White Paper on Higher Education (WPHE), and the National Qualification Framework (NQF) (South Africa, 1995:6). In 1996 the government introduced the first democratic constitution of the Republic of South Africa (RS A) according to Act 108 of 1996. In the light of those increasing changes in nursing education, led by political change, the experiences of nurse educators is a critical issue facing nursing campuses. The purpose of this study was two-fold; namely: to explore and describe the experiences of nurse educators with regard to the rationalisation of nursing education and to use information obtained to describe guidelines for the effective rationalisation of a nursing college in the Limpopo Province. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design was used. Qualitative interviews were conducted with nurse educators who worked in nursing colleges before and after 1994. Measures to ensure trustworthiness were applied and ethical issues were adhered to throughout the research process. Data was analysed following Tesch’s method (Creswell 1994:154-155). The research established that nurse educators experienced dissatisfaction in several areas relating to the rationalization of nursing education. Support was also expected from bureaucracy at higher level. This study developed guidelines to policy makers and nurse educators to ensure effective rationalisation process.

Missing stitches

Interpreting ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Morris
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Global Village ◽  
Police Investigations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Mere Existence

Along a continuum of interlingual interpreting which begins with police investigations and may end in a supreme court, consistent quality must be assured in order to comply with the standards of justice to which enlightened countries aspire and lay claim. With the advent of the global village, the quantity of cases requiring language mediation has exploded exponentially. The issues involved are not new, and simply put involve arranging for the provision of competent interpreters throughout the criminal justice system. However, the actual provision of quality interlingual interpreting in a criminal justice system is not a straightforward enterprise. The mere existence of legislation requiring the provision of interpreters in courts is not the key element. Nor are insightful comments made by appellate judges in cases brought because of an absence of satisfactory language arrangements. The article shows the problematic nature of interpreting arrangements in the criminal justice system for which the government and its players — even judges — assume no responsibility. The resultant “missing stitches” are likely to deprive those who do not speak the language of the proceedings of their fundamental rights.

scholarly journals Administrative and Ethical Issues in Ghana’s Public Administration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 573-594
Author(s):  
Nick Fobih
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
National Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Government Accountability ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
The Government

This study examines some of the major administrative and ethical challenges facing Ghana’s public administration, with regard to the issues associated with the country’s governance processes and public sector service delivery. The methodology used is based on the qualitative approach with combined sources from primary and secondary data and the case study method. The findings in the study show that whereas Ghana’s democracy has made significant inroads over the years since the 1992 democratic transition, a number of administrative and ethical issues hinder the country’s public administration processes and procedures, which require immediate government attention to address them more appropriately. The study recommends that the government (executive branch) and the bureaucracy (Ministries, Departments and Agencies) should make frantic efforts towards promoting effective and efficient service delivery system and government accountability for accelerated national development. The study’s implication for theory is that it will inform its readers about the different perspectives on the topic discussed. Given the service delivery and corruption challenges in Ghana’s public sector, the recommendations will go a long way to help address some of the problems facing Ghana’s MDAs and the government in general. The significance of the study is that it provides key insights into important issues in Ghana’s public administration, which can serve as useful lessons for the government, public institutions and the bureaucracy. The outlined challenges and recommendations will inform the government, MDAs and other government agencies of the need to improve governance and administration in order to accelerate the country’s political and socio-economic development. This study further contributes towards academic discussions on the administrative and ethical issues hampering the effective delivery of services and public and administration in Ghana and Africa in general.

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