scholarly journals BIO-INSECTICIDAL EFFECT OF POLYPHENOL EXTRACTS OF ANVILLEA RADIATA AGAINST CEREAL APHID RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
BENYAHIA Ibtissam ◽  
HADJ-MAHAMMED Mahfoud ◽  
BOUZIANE Mebarka ◽  
DEHLIZ Abderrahm ◽  
LAKHDARI Wassima
Keyword(s):  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Insecticidal Effect

BIO-INSECTICIDAL EFFECT OF POLYPHENOL EXTRACTS OF ANVILLEA RADIATA AGAINST CEREAL APHID RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
BENYAHIA Ibtissam ◽  
HADJ-MAHAMMED Mahfoud ◽  
BOUZIANE Mebarka ◽  
DEHLIZ Abderrahmène ◽  
LAKHDARI Wassima
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Butanolic Extract ◽  
Organic Pesticides ◽  
Lethal Doses

To reduce the abusive apply of artificial organic pesticides with discernment, biodegradable bio-pesticides origin from plants were used as an alternative phytosanitary method against crop pests. This experimentation allowed testing in vitro the bio-insecticidal activity of Anvillea radiata Coss and Dur (Asteraceae), endemic plant from the southeastern Algeria, against the cereal aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus, 1758). Three concentrations were tested (D1= 5mg/ml, D2= 2.5mg/ml and D3= 1.25mg/ml) with the butanolic and chloroformic extracts. The results showed a mortality rate of R. padi varying significantly by treatment and concentration according to the tested substances. The quantitative analysis of the two extracts shows that the crude butanolic extract is rich in polyphenols (348.935±7.456 µg EAG/mg MS) compared to the crude chloroformic extract (56.754±0.982 µg EAG/mg MS). Samely to the insecticidal effect tested, the concentration of 5 mg/ml presented an important insecticidal activity with the butanolic extract (62%) higher than the chloroformic extract (26%). Also, the lethal doses (LC50) of the crude butanolic extract were estimated by 23.07 mg/ml, 6.71 mg/ml and 5.70 mg/ml respectively after 24, 48 and 72hours of the treatment.

Trophic interactions between three species of cereal aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and spring wheat (Poaceae): implications for pest management

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Migui ◽  
Robert J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Specific Impact

AbstractThe susceptibilities of genetically diverse Canadian spring wheats, Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum durum Desf., to three aphid species, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), and Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were investigated. Trophic interactions measured as changes in biomass of aphids and wheat plants were used to quantify levels of resistance, components of resistance, and impact of aphids on yield. Plants in field cages were infested with small numbers of aphids for 21 days at heading. These plants were usually more suitable for the development of S. avenae and S. graminum than of R. padi. Partial resistance, measured as seed production by infested plants as a proportion of that by a control, varied from 11% to 59% for different aphid species and wheat classes when all wheat plants were infested at the same stage. Cultivars within wheat classes responded similarly to each of the aphid species. None of the wheat cultivars showed agriculturally effective levels of antibiosis. The specific impact of each aphid species and wheat class varied from 5 to 15 mg of plant biomass lost for each milligram of biomass gained by the aphids. Canadian Western Red Spring wheat had a lower specific impact and therefore was more tolerant to aphids than the other two classes, but not tolerant enough to avoid economic damage at the aphid densities observed. Plants did not compensate for feeding damage after aphid feeding ceased, based on the higher specific impacts observed for mature plants than for plants that were heading. The interactions between aphids and plants show that current economic thresholds probably underestimate the damage caused by cereal aphids to Canadian spring wheat.

scholarly journals Comparison of Field Population Growths of Three Cereal Aphid Species on Winter Wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jarošík ◽  
A. Honěk ◽  
A. Tichopád
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Population growths of three aphid species colonising winter wheat stands, Metopolophium dirhodum, Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion avenae, were analysed by regression method. The calculations were based on counts in 268 winter wheat plots at 3 or 7 day intervals over 10 (leaves) or 6 (ears) years. The population dynamics of a particular species differed widely between years. Density independent exponential growth of the population was most common, but its rate differed significantly between species, and for S. avenae also between populations on leaves and ears, on which the populations grew fastest. Field estimates of the intrinsic rate of increase derived from the exponential growths ranged between 0.010–0.026 in M. dirhodum, 0.0071–0.011 in R. padi, and between 0.00078–0.0061 and 0.0015–0.13 in S. avenae on leaves and ears, respectively. In the populations with the most vigorous population growth, S. avenae on ears and M. dirhodum on leaves, the rate of population increase significantly decreased with increasing aphid density.  

Longitudinal clines in the frequency distribution of ‘super-clones’ in an aphid crop pest

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 694-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gilabert ◽  
C.-A. Dedryver ◽  
S. Stoeckel ◽  
M. Plantegenest ◽  
J.-C. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Open Question

AbstractParthenogenesis is the main mode of reproduction of aphids. Their populations are therefore composed of clones whose frequency distribution varies in space and time. Previous population genetic studies on aphids have highlighted the existence of highly abundant clones (‘super-clones’), distributed over large geographic areas and persisting over time. Whether the abundance of ‘super-clones’ results from their ecological success or from stochastic forces, such as drift and migration, is an open question. Here, we looked for the existence of clines in clonal frequency along a climatic gradient in the cereal aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus, 1758) and examined the possible influence of geographical distance and environmental variables in the buildup and maintenance of such clonal clines. We investigated the spatial distribution of the commonest genotypes of R. padi by sampling populations along an east–west transect in maize fields in the northern half of France in both spring and late summer. Individual aphids were genotyped at several polymorphic loci, allowing the assessment of frequency distributions of multilocus genotypes (MLGs) across the cropping season. We found several MLGs showing longitudinal clines in their frequency distribution in both spring and summer. In particular, two dominant asexual genotypes of R. padi showed inverted geographical clines, which could suggest divergent adaptations to environmental conditions. We concluded that while the distribution of some ‘super-clones’ of R. padi seems most likely driven by the action of migration and genetic drift, selection could be also involved in the establishment of longitudinal clines of others.

Management of cereal aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations and their natural enemies in winter wheat by alternate strip spraying with a selective insecticide

1987 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Carter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Population Development ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Peak Density ◽  
Selective Insecticide ◽  
Similar Peak

AbstractThe effect on aphid population development of creating natural enemy refuges by spraying only alternate strips of winter wheat with the aphid-specific insecticide pirimicarb at 140 g a.i./ha was compared with those in an unsprayed and a completely sprayed block in south-eastern England. The numbers of Sitobion avenae (F.), Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) increased rapidly in the unsprayed block and in the unsprayed strips to reach similar peak densities in early August. Natural enemy activity was similar in these two areas, indicating negligible movement of predators and parasitoids from the sprayed strips to the unsprayed strips. Instead, aphids re-colonized the sprayed strips more quickly than the sprayed block, and the peak density in the former was similar to those in the unsprayed areas.

Comparing growth patterns among field populations of cereal aphids reveals factors limiting their maximum abundance

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Honek ◽  
V. Jarosik ◽  
A.F.G. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Maximum Abundance ◽  
Aphid Density

AbstractCereal stands in central Europe are commonly infested with three species of aphids that may become serious pests. With increasing abundance, the proportion of a particular species in the total aphid population may remain constant, suggesting a density-independent exponential growth, or the proportion can change, suggesting density-dependent constraints on growth. The constraints that affect particular species, and thus their relative abundance, were studied. The proportionality between maximum abundances of the cereal aphids was studied using a 10-year census of the numbers of aphids infesting 268 winter wheat plots. For two species their abundance on leaves and ears was compared. With increasing aphid density the maximum abundance of Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) remained proportional, but not that of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), which was constrained by the smaller surface area of ears compared to leaves. There was no evidence of inter-specific competition. Maximum abundance of R. padi and Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) on leaves did not change proportionally as the proportion of M. dirhodum decreased with increasing overall aphid density. This decrease was probably caused by the restricted distribution of M. dirhodum, which is confined to leaves, where space is limiting. No change in proportion between populations was detected when the average densities were below 0.54 aphids per leaf or ear. Non-proportional relationships between aphid populations appeared to be due to spatial constraints, acting upon the more abundant population. Detecting the limitation of population growth can help with the assessment of when density-independent exponential growth is limited by density-dependent factors. This information may help in the development of models of cereal aphid population dynamics.

scholarly journals Abundance of cereal aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) within wild Triticum and Aegi­lops spp., and cultivated wheat

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
H. Havlíčková ◽  
V. Holubec
Keyword(s):  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Triticum Species ◽  
The Individual

Accessions of the wild Triticum species: T. boeticum, T. dicoccoides, T. urartu, and the Aegilops species:  Ae. columnaris, Ae. geniculata, Ae. markgrafii, Ae. neglecta and Ae. triuncialis in the collection of the Gene Bank of RICP Prague-Ruzyně, with T.  aestivum cv. Sandra as control, were evaluated for cereal aphid occurrence in the open during 1995–1998 period. The cereal aphid species Rhopalosiphum  padi (RP), Metopolophium dirhodum (MD) and Sitobion avenae (SA) were predominant on the plants. Variations in the abundance of individual aphid species in each year were found. The results from 1997, the optimal year for aphid occurrence, showed differences between both aphid and plant species. RP significantly dominated in Triticum species, while SA preferred Aegilops accessions. A significant negative correlation was found between RP and MD densities in the Triti­ cum spp., while MD and SA occurrence showed a negative relation to that of RP and SA in the Aegilops accessions. The individual aphid species showed a similar pattern of infestation in several genomically close accessions.

Antioxidant defense mechanisms of cereal aphids based on ascorbate and ascorbate peroxidase

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Łukasik ◽  
Sylwia Goławska ◽  
Agnieszka Wójcicka
Keyword(s):  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Grain Aphid

AbstractEffects of plant o-dihydroxyphenols on ascorbate (ASA) content and ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) activity in the tissues of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae and the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi were studied. Among the aphid morphs, the highest ASA content and APOX activity were noted for larvae and the lowest for wingless apterae. When exposed to o-dihydroxyphenols, aphids of both species contained significantly lower concentrations of ASA and higher APOX activity than the controls. Among the studied compounds, caffeic acid had the strongest effect on ASA-based antioxidant responses in that caffeic acid caused a 5-fold decrease of ASA in aphid tissues. The influences of the plant o-dihydroxyphenols on antioxidant defense mechanisms within the cereal aphid species are discussed.

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