scholarly journals Forensic Examination of Inks Extracted from Printed Documents using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Paul Ocheje Ameh ◽  
Musa Suud Ozovehe
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Alkyd Resin ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Triarylmethane Dyes ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Aliphatic Ester

Yellow, cyan, magenta and black inks were extracted from documents printed using two common brands of printing cartridge in Nigerian market and analyzed to identify / compare the functional groups present using Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR spectra obtained were found to show highly characteristic absorption bands depending on the composition of the printer inks. Also, the results indicated the presence of triarylmethane dyes, epoxy resins, alkyd resin and esters in all the inks as they are peaks assigned to the vibration of aliphatic ester, asymmetrical and symmetrical stretching. The pure ink and its extract from the same band were also found to exhibit similar FTIR spectra while inks extract from different brands exhibits marked difference in absorption bands. This research can provide valuable information if an admitted sample is provided for comparing with the suspect printed document.

scholarly journals Forensic Examination of Inks Extracted from Printed Documents using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Paul Ocheje Ameh ◽  
Musa Suud Ozovehe
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Alkyd Resin ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Triarylmethane Dyes ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Aliphatic Ester

Yellow, cyan, magenta and black inks were extracted from documents printed using two common brands of printing cartridge in Nigerian market and analyzed to identify/compare the functional groups present using Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR spectra obtained were found to show highly characteristic absorption bands depending on the composition of the printer inks. Also, the results indicated the presence of triarylmethane dyes, epoxy resins, alkyd resin and esters in all the inks as they are peaks assigned to the vibration of aliphatic ester, asymmetrical and symmetrical stretching. The pure ink and its extract from the same band were also found to exhibit similar FTIR spectra while inks extract from different brands exhibits marked difference in absorption bands. This research can provide valuable information if an admitted sample is provided for comparing with the suspect printed document.

Functional Group Analysis of Interferometric Data from Gas Chromatography Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

1980 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Wieboldt ◽  
B. A. Hohne ◽  
T. L. Isenhour
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Cumulative Sum ◽  
Absorption Bands

A method is presented for the direct analysis of interferometric data from gas chromatography Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (GC/FTIR). A synthetic interferogram is initially produced which represents the characteristic absorption features of a particular functional group or compound class. A zero displacement correlation is performed between this test interferogram and each sample interferogram from the GC data. The presence of the desired functionality in the GC effluent is indicated by a small value of the resulting cumulative sum. A “correlogram” which emulates the response from a chemically specific GC detector is obtained by plotting the cumulative sum from each sample correlation. Synthetic interferograms representing infrared absorption bands which are truly specific for a particular functionality yield the best results.

scholarly journals Application of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for assessing biogenic silica sample purity in geochemical analyses and palaeoenvironmental research

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. A. Swann ◽  
S. V. Patwardhan
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Biogenic Silica ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Diatom Frustule ◽  
End Members

Abstract. The development of a rapid and non-destructive method to assess purity levels in samples of biogenic silica prior to geochemical/isotope analysis remains a key objective in improving both the quality and use of such data in environmental and palaeoclimatic research. Here a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) mass-balance method is demonstrated for calculating levels of contamination in cleaned sediment core diatom samples from Lake Baikal, Russia. Following the selection of end-members representative of diatoms and contaminants in the analysed samples, a mass-balance model is generated to simulate the expected FTIR spectra for a given level of contamination. By fitting the sample FTIR spectra to the modelled FTIR spectra and calculating the residual spectra, the optimum best-fit model and level of contamination is obtained. When compared to X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) the FTIR method portrays the main changes in sample contamination through the core sequence, permitting its use in instances where other, destructive, techniques are not appropriate. The ability to analyse samples of <1 mg enables, for the first time, routine analyses of small sized samples. Discrepancies between FTIR and XRF measurements can be attributed to FTIR end-members not fully representing all contaminants and problems in using XRF to detect organic matter external to the diatom frustule. By analysing samples with both FTIR and XRF, these limitations can be eliminated to accurately identify contaminated samples. Future, routine use of these techniques in palaeoenvironmental research will therefore significantly reduce the number of erroneous measurements and so improve the accuracy of biogenic silica/diatom based climate reconstructions.

scholarly journals Application of open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR) to measure greenhouse gas concentrations from agricultural fields

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 3403-3415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hsien Lin ◽  
Richard H. Grant ◽  
Albert J. Heber ◽  
Cliff T. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Open Path ◽  
Co2 Concentrations

Abstract. Open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR) has often been used to measure hazardous or trace gases from hot point sources (e.g. volcano, industrial, or agricultural facilities) but seldom used to measure greenhouse gases (GHGs) from field-scale sources (e.g. agricultural soils). Closed-path mid-IR laser-based N2O, nondispersive-IR CO2 analysers, and OP-FTIR were used to measure concentrations of N2O and CO2 at a maize cropping system during 9–19 June 2014. To measure N2O and CO2 concentrations accurately, we developed a quantitative method of N2O∕CO2 analysis that minimized interferences from diurnal changes of humidity and temperature. Two chemometric multivariate models, classical least squares (CLS) and partial least squares (PLS), were developed. This study evaluated various methods to generate the single-beam background spectra and different spectral regions for determining N2O and CO2 concentrations from OP-FTIR spectra. A standard extractive method was used to measure the actual path-averaged concentrations along an OP-FTIR optical path in situ, as a benchmark to assess the feasibilities of these quantitative methods. Within an absolute humidity range of 5000–20 000 ppmv and a temperature range of 10–35 ∘C, we found that the CLS model underestimated N2O concentrations (bias =-4.9±3.1 %) calculated from OP-FTIR spectra, and the PLS model improved the accuracy of calculated N2O concentrations (bias =1.4±2.3 %). The bias of calculated CO2 concentrations was -1.0±2.8 % using the CLS model. These methods suggested that environmental variables potentially lead to biases in N2O and CO2 estimations from OP-FTIR spectra and may help OP-FTIR users avoid dependency on extractive methods of calibrations.

scholarly journals Efficient Discrimination of Some Moss Species by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zhen Cao ◽  
Yongying Liu ◽  
Jiancheng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Moss Species

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique was used to classify 16 species from three moss families (Mielichhoferiaceae, Bryaceae, and Mniaceae). The FTIR spectra ranging from 4000 cm−1to 400 cm−1of the 16 species were obtained. To group the spectra according to their spectral similarity in a dendrogram, cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. Cluster analysis combined with PCA was used to give a rough result of classification among the moss samples. However, some species belonging to the same genus exhibited very similar chemical components and similar FTIR spectra. Fourier self-deconvolution (FSD) was used to enhance the differences of the spectra. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was used to decompose the FTIR spectra ofMnium laevinerveandM. spinosum. Three scales were selected as the feature extracting space in the DWT domain. Results showed that FTIR spectroscopy combined with DWT was suitable for distinguishing different species of the same genus.

scholarly journals Identification of Coatings on Persian Lacquer Papier Mache Penboxes by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Luminescence Imaging

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1962-1970
Author(s):  
Alireza Koochakzaei ◽  
Ali Nemati Babaylou ◽  
Behrooz Jelodarian Bidgoli
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Alkyd Resin ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Organic Coatings ◽  
Luminescence Imaging ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Historical Objects ◽  
Spectral Ranges

In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and luminescence imaging were used to identify the coatings of seven Persian lacquer papier mache penboxes, of which two were contemporary, one was from the Pahlavi era, and four belonged to the Qajar era. First, FTIR was used to identify the nature of the coating. Then, visible-induced luminescence imaging at the spectral ranges of 420–680 nm (UVL), 425–495 nm (UVIBL), and 615–645 nm (UVIRL) was performed for further examination. The FTIR results showed that the coatings were made of alkyd resin, oil-resin varnish (Kaman oil), and shellac. In visible-induced luminescence images, synthetic alkyd resin showed no fluorescence, which made it distinguishable from the natural organic coatings. While it is slightly challenging to differentiate Kaman oil from shellac based on FTIR results, these two coatings can be easily distinguished by their fluorescence in UVL and UVIBL images. The results suggest that the combined use of spectroscopy and spectral imaging methods can provide substantial information about the organic coatings of historical objects.

The Characteristics of Gelatin from Scales of Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1881-1885
Author(s):  
Xu Dong Zhao ◽  
Shao Kui Zeng ◽  
Hua Shuang Huang ◽  
Chao Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Imino Acids

Gelatin was extracted from tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) scale after decalcification. The content of protein in the gelatin was 92.5% (w/w). The amount of imino acids (proline and hydroxyproline) was 167 residues per 1000 residues. Its gel strength, melting point and degradation temperature were 271 g, 27.0 °C and 59.7 °C, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra showed that the intensity of major absorption bands in the gelatin was higher than that in bovine bone gelatin. The gelatin had visible β-component and degradation fragments.

scholarly journals Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy vibrational bands study of Spinacia oleracea and Trigonella corniculata under biochar amendment in naturally contaminated soil

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253390
Author(s):  
Uzma Younis ◽  
Ashfaq Ahmad Rahi ◽  
Subhan Danish ◽  
Muhammad Arif Ali ◽  
Niaz Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Vibrational Bands

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy detects functional groups such as vibrational bands like N-H, O-H, C-H, C = O (ester, amine, ketone, aldehyde), C = C, C = N (vibrational modes of a tetrapyrrole ring) and simply C = N. The FTIR of these bands is fundamental to the investigation of the effect of biochar (BC) treatment on structural changes in the chlorophyll molecules of both plants that were tested. For this, dried leaf of Spinacia oleracia (spinach) and Trigonella corniculata (fenugreek) were selected for FTIR spectral study of chlorophyll associated functional groups. The study’s primary goal was to investigate the silent features of infrared (IR) spectra of dried leave samples. The data obtained from the current study also shows that leaf chlorophyll can mask or suppress other molecules’ FITR bands, including proteins. In addition, the C = O bands with Mg and the C9 ketonic group of chlorophyll are observed as peaks at1600 (0%BC), 1650 (3%BC) and 1640, or near to1700 (5%BC) in spinach samples. In fenugreek, additional effects are observed in the FTIR spectra of chlorophyll at the major groups of C = C, C = O and C9 of the ketonic groups, and the vibrational bands are more evident at C-H and N-H of the tetrapyrrole ring. It is concluded that C-N bands are more visible in 5% BC treated spinach and fenugreek than in all other treatments. These types of spectra are useful in detecting changes or visibility of functional groups, which are very helpful in supporting biochemical data such as an increase in protein can be detected by more visibility of C-N bands in FTIR spectra.

scholarly journals Application of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for assessing biogenic silica sample purity in geochemical analyses and palaeoenvironmental research

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1629-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. A. Swann ◽  
S. V. Patwardhan
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Biogenic Silica ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Diatom Frustule ◽  
End Members

Abstract. The development of a rapid and non-destructive method to assess levels of purity in samples of biogenic silica prior to geochemical/isotope analysis remains a key objective in improving both the quality and use of such data in environmental and palaeoclimatic research. Here a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) mass-balance method is demonstrated for calculating levels of contamination in cleaned sediment core diatom samples from Lake Baikal Russia. Following the selection of end-members representative of diatoms and contaminants in the analysed samples, a mass-balance model is generated to simulate the expected FTIR spectra for a given level of contamination. By fitting the sample FTIR spectra to the modelled FTIR spectra and calculating the Euclidean distance, the optimum “best-fit” model and level of contamination is obtained. When compared to X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), FTIR method results portray the main changes in sample contamination through the core sequence, permitting its use in instances where other, destructive, techniques are not appropriate. The ability to analyses samples of <1 mg enables, for the first time, routine analyses of small sized samples. Discrepancies between FTIR and XRF measurements can be attributed to FTIR end-members not fully representing all contaminants and problems in using XRF to detect organic matter external to the diatom frustule. By analysing samples with both FTIR and XRF, these limitations can be eliminated to accurately identify contaminated samples and improve the accuracy of climate reconstructions. Future, routine, use of these techniques in palaeoenvironmental research will significantly reduce the number of erroneous measurements and so improve the accuracy of biogenic silica/diatom based reconstructions.

scholarly journals Mineral Heterogeneity Characterization of the Lacustrine Yanchang Shales, Ordos Basin Using Micro-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Micro-FTIR) Technique

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bing Luo ◽  
Zhiguo Shu ◽  
Yalin Chen ◽  
Zhuo Li ◽  
Yufei Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Ftir Technique ◽  
Mineral Compositions

Shale is a typical fine-grained sedimentary rock with small grain sizes of matrix components, significant lithofacies variation of rock texture and structure, and strong heterogeneity of organic matter and mineral compositions. Characterization of mineral compositions and their heterogeneity in micro- to nanoscale are the key parameters to gas shale pore structure and rock physical properties. In order to study the microscale mineralogy heterogeneity of the lacustrine shales in the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, the micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) technique was conducted. Based on the specific micro-FTIR spectra peaks, the abundance of mineral compositions can be quantitatively determined in the selected microscale areas. The results show that within the range of 80 μm micro-FTIR test interval, both massive argillaceous shale and silty interlayered shale show obvious heterogeneity; in particular, the relatively homogeneous shale observed by the naked eyes also has strong mineral heterogeneity. The results of micro-FTIR spectra are basically consistent with the bulk X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The advantage of this micro-FTIR technique includes higher resolution (less than 100 μm) and in situ mineral characterization of shale samples at micro- and nanoscale.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document