scholarly journals Role of acetic acid in the sustainability of silage from cereal grasses to adverse micloflore at air access

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Антон Мамаев ◽  
Anton Mamaev ◽  
Белла Осипян ◽  
Bella Osipyan ◽  
Валентина Козлова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
High Level

To improve the quality of silage, lactic sourdoughs are now widely used. However, the finished high quality feed after air access gradually deteriorates under the influence of aerobic, acid-resistant microorganisms. The most popular compound for increasing aerobic stability is acetic acid. The effect of this acid was studied on plants belonging to the group of lightly consolidated with a sugar-buffer ratio from 2.9 to 3.2 and with an average dry matter content of green mass of 25.6%. Silage, in which the process of homofermentative lactic acid fermentation took place, had significant nutrient losses (on average, in the group of 12.0% dry matter) with rather rapid molding (4.2 days). During aeration, the average pH of this group increased from 4.06 to 5.61. The high level of correlation (0.78) between the content of acetic acid and the time of mold confirm its fungicidal properties. The correlation found, unfortunately, did not guarantee the same high correlation (–0.52) between the content of acetic acid and the loss of nutrients during aeration. This circumstance is apparently due to the high variability of nutrient losses at low levels of acetic acid concentration (less than 4.1% in the dry matter) due to the species composition of the microflora and the speed of its development at the initial stage of aerobic spoilage.

scholarly journals Aerobic stability of triticale silage in single culture or in mixtures with oat and/or legumes

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2349-2356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Harry Bumbieris Junior ◽  
Clóves Cabreira Jobim ◽  
Jean-Claude Emile ◽  
Juliano Roman ◽  
Michele Simili da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Pisum Arvense ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Single Culture ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Silage Production

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the aerobic stability and losses during the fermentation process of triticale silages in single crop or in mixtures with oats and/or legumes. The following crops were used for silage production: triticale (X. Triticosecale Wittimack), triticale intercropped with forage pea (Pisum arvense) and triticale intercropped with oats (Avena strigosa Schreb), forage pea and vetch (Vicia sativa). The dry matter content and its recovery did not differ among the silages. Buffer capacity was higher for tricale silage intercropped with oats, forage pea and vetch(88.67 m eq. NaOH/100 g DM) followed by triticale intercropped with forage pea (80.80 m eq. NaOH/100 g DM). Electric conductivity values were higher in the intercropped triticale silages. Triticale silage presented the lowest temperatures observed in the silos, and the silages of intercropped triticale silages presented higher heat retention and higher pH values. Silage of triticale intercropped with oats and legumes presented lower aerobic stability but it did not reduce the aerobic stability of the total feed. Dry matter recovery during storage and in stability evaluations in aerobiosis is similar among the silages.

Effect of dry matter content at baling on change in forage constituents during the storage of alfalfa hay

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-605
Author(s):  
M. Undi ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Pole Structure ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of DM content at baling on the pattern of forage constituent change and on DM and nutrient losses during storage. Alfalfa forage, baled at 64.1–66.2, 71.9–73.2 and 75.4–77.4% DM, was designated Low, Medium, and High DM treatments, respectively. Hay generated from each treatment was stored in a pole structure as two 74-bale stacks per treatment, using a bale wagon. Core samples were collected from bales on days 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 60 of storage. Bale temperature was monitored for eight bales per treatment daily for the first 35 d of storage and then on days 45, 50, and 60. Peak storage temperature reached was influenced (P < 0.05) by forage DM at baling; the highest peak temperature being associated with Low DM hay. DM losses also were higher (P < 0.05) in Low DM hay relative to either Medium or High DM hays, averaging 10.1, 4.5, and 3.0%, respectively. Dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN), and glucosamine contents increased in all forage treatments during storage; the extent of increase was more (P < 0.05) in Low DM hay than in High DM hay. Cellulose, lignin and crude protein (CP) concentrations followed a similar pattern during storage for hay baled and stored at the three DM contents. Soluble carbohydrate content loss was higher (P < 0.05) in Low DM hay relative to High DM hay. Forage DM content at baling will influence stack temperatures and extent of nutrient change during storage. Most changes m constituents of low DM hay occurred within the first 14 d of storage, a period within which peak temperatures were recorded in all forages. The study also showed that alfalfa forage can be stored at a DM content of 76% with minimal nutrient change and loss, which is lower than normally recommended. Key words: Alfalfa hay, storage, nutrients, DM contents, temperature

The growth of young cattle fed on dried grass alone and with barley 2. Effects on digestion

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Poutiainen ◽  
C. R. Lonsdale ◽  
G. E. Outen
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Almost All

SUMMARY1. Young cattle were fed on four types of wafer containing chopped or coarsely-milled dried grass, with or without 50% of barley.2. At slaughter, the alimentary tract of each animal was removed and the contents of each part were weighed and sampled to determine the extent and site of digestion. Chromic oxide was used as an indigestible marker.3. The form in which the grass was processed had no effect on any of the parameters measured.4. The dry-matter content of the digesta in all parts of the alimentary tract was significantly higher when barley was included in the wafers. The inclusion of barley decreased the proportion of acetic acid and increased the proportion of butyric acid in the rumen liquor. The proportions of propionic and valeric acids were unaffected. Barley also appeared to reduce the proportion of digestible dry matter which disappeared in the forestomachs (31·44%) compared with that when grass was given alone (42·59%).5. With grass alone about 70% of the apparently digestible cellulose disappeared from the forestomachs, but the technique used did not allow a good estimation of these proportions when mixed diets were given. The retention time of dry matter in the forestomachs was not affected by the diet but the inclusion of barley in the wafers increased the retention time of cellulose in the forestomachs.6. Of 1·6·1·9 kg of starch ingested in mixed diets, 92-96% was apparently digested in the forestomachs, and only 80-130 g per day escaped rumen fermentation. The intake of starch on diets of grass alone was negligible and almost all the soluble sugars were digested in the forestomachs.7. More N was recovered at the omasum than was ingested, but the different diets had no effect on the site of digestion of N.

scholarly journals Influence of lactic acid and cellulolytic bacteria on the physicochemical parameters of alfalfa silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012036
Author(s):  
A Bogdanova ◽  
A Payuta ◽  
A Alekseev ◽  
A Konovalov
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Thermophilic Streptococci

Abstract The study is aimed at studying the effect of a microbiological preparation consisting of lactic acid bacteria, thermophilic streptococci and cellulolytic bacteria on the quality of alfalfa silage with different dry matter content. Determined pH, content of organic acids, dry matter and nutrients, including carbohydrates. Inoculant application increased crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber and reduced water-soluble carbohydrates in silage. The preservation of nutrients in the test samples was higher than that of the control. pH corresponded to optimal values; however, lactic acid fermentation proceeded more intensively in the sample with an increased dry matter content.

scholarly journals The influence of foliar fertilizers on the quality and yield of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Gajc-Wolska ◽  
Katarzyna Mazur ◽  
Monika Niedzińska ◽  
Katarzyna Kowalczyk ◽  
Paweł Żołnierczyk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Fruit Formation

AbstractOptimal feeding of field-grown plants is thought to be a key factor modifying their growth and development. Natural biostimulants, foliar fertilizers and plant growth regulators have been applied in horticultural production; however, their effect varies depending on the plant species treated, and those have been mainly cucumber, tomato, pepper, potato, and melon. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of preparations produced through nanotechnology on the yield and fruit quality of sweet pepper grown under cover. The experiment comprised plants grown in three different combinations: combination I (plants treated with 2 kg ha−1Nano Active); combination II (plants treated with 1% Nano Active Forte + 4 kg ha−1Nano Active Forte + 2 kg ha−1Nano Active, a single treatment carried out at the initial stage of fruit formation); and combination III (the control, where all plants were sprayed with water).The obtained results showed that Nano Active Forte foliar treatment of sweet pepper plants significantly increased fruit yield in protected cultivation. Supplementation with foliar fertilizers modified the fruit chemical composition. Application of the Nano Active Forte preparation led to an increase in dry matter content as well as in the concentrations of total sugars, vitamin C and carotenoids. Applications of Nano Active Forte and Nano Active enhanced the potassium and phosphorus contents, while the concentrations of nitrates and calcium remained at the same level regardless of the preparations used.

scholarly journals Murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru) meal as an additive to elephant grass silage

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-272
Author(s):  
Cláudia M Serra-Ferreira ◽  
Agatha G Farias-Souza ◽  
Rita C Almeida-Mendonça ◽  
Melany Simões-Souza ◽  
Wagner R L Lopes-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Aerobic Stability

Background: Tropical grasses, such as elephant grass, have high moisture content during its ideal phenological state for silage. High moisture content hinders proper preservation and reduces the nutritive value of silage due to secondary fermentation and production of effluents. Adding feed materials with high dry matter content, such as murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru) meal, is a potential alternative to improve silage yield. Objective: To determine the effects of including murumuru meal (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28%) on the fermentative characteristics, microbiological activity, aerobic stability, and chemical composition of elephant grass silages. Methods: A completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates was used. Elephant grass was collected at 60 d of age, minced, and homogenized with murumuru meal. The mass was placed in experimental 15-L silos. The silos were collected and analyzed 45 d later. Results: Effluent production decreased (p<0.05) as the proportions of murumuru meal in silage increased. A quadratic effect (p<0.05) was observed on dry matter recovery. An increase (p<0.05) was observed in dry matter content, a decrease (p<0.05) in the neutral detergent fiber content, and an increase (p<0.05) in the non-fibrous carbohydrate content with the inclusion of murumuru meal. Conclusions: Addition of murumuru meal improves chemical composition and does not affect the fermentative characteristics of elephant grass silage, while it reduces effluent losses. Nevertheless, the inclusion of murumuru meal in the elephant grass silage decreased the time of aerobic stability.

Losses in the conservation of grassland herbage in lined trench silos:II. Comparison of lacerated silages of low and high dry-matter content made by the cold fermentation process

1965 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. Brown ◽  
J. A. M. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
High Dry Matter

A conservation experiment is described in which a comparison is made of quality and of nutrient losses in wilted and unwilted lacerated silages made by the cold fermentation process in large trench silos. The losses of dry matter in the two wilted silages were 19.7 and 16.7% and in the unwilted silages 23.3 and 22.1%.

INTENSITY OF ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION, DEPENDING ON THE DEGREE OF GRASS DRYING, THE AVAILABILITY OF SUGAR, AS WELL AS ITS ROLE IN THE OCCURRENCE OF AEROBIC SPOILAGE OF SILAGE AND HAYLAGE

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Юрий Победнов ◽  
Yuri Pobednov ◽  
Антон Мамаев ◽  
Anton Mamaev
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Negative Effect

Aerobic spoilage in silage and haylage is affected by the intensity of alcoholic fermentation, which causes the amount of nutrient loss of the feed during excavation from the trench. The negative effect is not the alcohol content, as such, which in some cases even helps to improve the aerobic stability of the feed, but the amount of yeast found in the silo and hay at the time of opening the silos, which, in turn, depends on a number of factors. One of these factors is the low sugar-buffer ratio in plants, which should be ≤2.5. Under this condition, there is a slight accumulation of alcohol in the dry matter of the feed, which indicates a weak development of the yeast. The second factor that determines the aerobic stability of the feed and the amount of nutrient loss during storage in air is the dry matter content of plants. When stored in the air of haylage and silage from dried herbs, the loss of dry matter is reduced, reaching a minimum when preparing food from plants with a sugar-buffer ratio of ≤ 2.5. This is especially noticeable in the first 2–3 days of storing feed in the air. Subsequently, the loss of dry matter from aerobic spoilage begins to increase, causing the occurrence of secondary fermentation, which leads to its spoilage of feed. The third factor determining the aerobic stability of a silo is its shelf life under anaerobic conditions, which should not be less than 90 days. This follows from the biological features of the development of yeast, which are the main initiators of aerobic spoilage. However, haylage is predisposed to aerobic spoilage for any shelf life in trenches.

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