scholarly journals Aerobic stability of triticale silage in single culture or in mixtures with oat and/or legumes

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2349-2356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Harry Bumbieris Junior ◽  
Clóves Cabreira Jobim ◽  
Jean-Claude Emile ◽  
Juliano Roman ◽  
Michele Simili da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Pisum Arvense ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Single Culture ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Silage Production

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the aerobic stability and losses during the fermentation process of triticale silages in single crop or in mixtures with oats and/or legumes. The following crops were used for silage production: triticale (X. Triticosecale Wittimack), triticale intercropped with forage pea (Pisum arvense) and triticale intercropped with oats (Avena strigosa Schreb), forage pea and vetch (Vicia sativa). The dry matter content and its recovery did not differ among the silages. Buffer capacity was higher for tricale silage intercropped with oats, forage pea and vetch(88.67 m eq. NaOH/100 g DM) followed by triticale intercropped with forage pea (80.80 m eq. NaOH/100 g DM). Electric conductivity values were higher in the intercropped triticale silages. Triticale silage presented the lowest temperatures observed in the silos, and the silages of intercropped triticale silages presented higher heat retention and higher pH values. Silage of triticale intercropped with oats and legumes presented lower aerobic stability but it did not reduce the aerobic stability of the total feed. Dry matter recovery during storage and in stability evaluations in aerobiosis is similar among the silages.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, aerobic stability, and fermentation pattern of white oat silage wilted with glyphosate

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Antonio Vinicius Iank Bueno ◽  
Fernando Alberto Jacovaci ◽  
Matheus Gonçalves Ribeiro ◽  
Clóves Cabreira Jobim ◽  
João Luiz Pratti Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
High Buffer Capacity

White oat has good nutritional quality but is not an easy forage to ensile due to its high buffer capacity and moisture content at ensiling moment. Therefore, wilting is necessary to offset such negative aspects. However, this process demands skilled workforce and adequate machinery. In this way, chemical desiccation is a promising technology to reduce the steps needed for wilting. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of glyphosate as a chemical desiccant on the nutritional quality, fermentation pattern, losses, and aerobic stability of wilted white oat (Avena sativa) silages. White oat sowing occurred in the first fortnight of May 2013. Desiccant application took place when oat reached milky-dough grain stage (96 days after planting). Glyphosate doses evaluated were 0, 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 mL ha?1. Three days after desiccation, all treatments were ensiled, and the silos were stored for 150 days. A completely randomized design was used, and all statistical procedures were performed by means of Bayesian Inference. No differences were found for lactic acid, but treated-silage pH linearly decreased. The lowest concentration of butyric acid (3.40 mg kg-1) was observed at 900.80 mL ha-1. For ammonia, the highest point (50 g kg-1) occurred at 916.51 mL ha-1. Aerobic stability was not influenced by treatments. Maximum dry matter recovery index (934 g kg-1) was observed at 864.20 mL ha-1 glyphosate. Wilted forage from treatments 500 mL ha-1, 750 mL ha-1, and 1000 mL ha-1 had greater dry matter content compared to control (320.1, 326, 301.3, and 270.7 g kg-1 respectively). Hemicellulose linearly decreased and crude protein linearly increased. The lowest concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (642.8 g kg-1) and neutral-detergent insoluble nitrogen (2.30 g kg-1) occurred at doses of 1141.32 mL ha-1 and 829.14 mL ha-1, respectively. In brief, for wilted white oat silage production, harvested at milky-dough grain stage, glyphosate application prior to ensiling up to 1000 mL ha-1 led to better conservation compared to non-treated silage.

scholarly journals Suitability of alfalfa and orchard grass for ensilage

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1315-1320
Author(s):  
J. Knezevic ◽  
M. Milenkovic ◽  
B. Milosevic ◽  
D. Bekovic ◽  
M. Aksic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Orchard Grass

Alfalfa and orchard grass should have, in terms of suitability for ensilaging, the appropriate content of soluble sugars, the corresponding dry matter content and low buffer capacity. When using plants that are less suitable for silage, it is necessary to increase dry matter content in the biomass by adding sugar components and enzymes to direct the fermentation process in order to provide quality and stable silage.

COMPARISON OF GRAIN YIELD AND WHOLE-PLANT SILAGE PRODUCTION OF RECOMMENDED CORN HYBRIDS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. VATTIKONDA ◽  
R. B. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
The Relationship

A 2-yr study was conducted at Elora and Brucefield, Ont. to examine the relationship between grain yield following grain physiological maturity and whole-plant dry matter (DM) yield and quality determined at the stage desirable for ensiling. Quality parameters analyzed include in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD) of the stover, IVD of the whole plant, stover lignin content and stover protein content. There was a significant linear relationship between the performance of hybrids for grain yield production and their yield for silage production. However, the relationship was not complete enough to permit reliable selection of hybrids for silage production based on grain yield performance (coefficients of determination were 0.23 and 0.25 for Elora and Brucefield, respectively). Grain dry matter content, however, provided a satisfactory estimate of whole-plant maturity for silage production. Coefficients of determination between grain DM content and whole-plant DM content were 0.71 and 0.53 for Elora and Brucefield, respectively. There was considerable variation among hybrids for lignin content and IVD of stover. Differences were much less for whole-plant IVD. The findings of this study support the need for separate evaluation trials for corn grown for whole-plant silage production as opposed to grain production.Key words: Zea mays, corn silage, grain yield, hybrid performance

scholarly journals Murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru) meal as an additive to elephant grass silage

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-272
Author(s):  
Cláudia M Serra-Ferreira ◽  
Agatha G Farias-Souza ◽  
Rita C Almeida-Mendonça ◽  
Melany Simões-Souza ◽  
Wagner R L Lopes-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Aerobic Stability

Background: Tropical grasses, such as elephant grass, have high moisture content during its ideal phenological state for silage. High moisture content hinders proper preservation and reduces the nutritive value of silage due to secondary fermentation and production of effluents. Adding feed materials with high dry matter content, such as murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru) meal, is a potential alternative to improve silage yield. Objective: To determine the effects of including murumuru meal (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28%) on the fermentative characteristics, microbiological activity, aerobic stability, and chemical composition of elephant grass silages. Methods: A completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates was used. Elephant grass was collected at 60 d of age, minced, and homogenized with murumuru meal. The mass was placed in experimental 15-L silos. The silos were collected and analyzed 45 d later. Results: Effluent production decreased (p<0.05) as the proportions of murumuru meal in silage increased. A quadratic effect (p<0.05) was observed on dry matter recovery. An increase (p<0.05) was observed in dry matter content, a decrease (p<0.05) in the neutral detergent fiber content, and an increase (p<0.05) in the non-fibrous carbohydrate content with the inclusion of murumuru meal. Conclusions: Addition of murumuru meal improves chemical composition and does not affect the fermentative characteristics of elephant grass silage, while it reduces effluent losses. Nevertheless, the inclusion of murumuru meal in the elephant grass silage decreased the time of aerobic stability.

scholarly journals Role of acetic acid in the sustainability of silage from cereal grasses to adverse micloflore at air access

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Антон Мамаев ◽  
Anton Mamaev ◽  
Белла Осипян ◽  
Bella Osipyan ◽  
Валентина Козлова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
High Level

To improve the quality of silage, lactic sourdoughs are now widely used. However, the finished high quality feed after air access gradually deteriorates under the influence of aerobic, acid-resistant microorganisms. The most popular compound for increasing aerobic stability is acetic acid. The effect of this acid was studied on plants belonging to the group of lightly consolidated with a sugar-buffer ratio from 2.9 to 3.2 and with an average dry matter content of green mass of 25.6%. Silage, in which the process of homofermentative lactic acid fermentation took place, had significant nutrient losses (on average, in the group of 12.0% dry matter) with rather rapid molding (4.2 days). During aeration, the average pH of this group increased from 4.06 to 5.61. The high level of correlation (0.78) between the content of acetic acid and the time of mold confirm its fungicidal properties. The correlation found, unfortunately, did not guarantee the same high correlation (–0.52) between the content of acetic acid and the loss of nutrients during aeration. This circumstance is apparently due to the high variability of nutrient losses at low levels of acetic acid concentration (less than 4.1% in the dry matter) due to the species composition of the microflora and the speed of its development at the initial stage of aerobic spoilage.

INTENSITY OF ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION, DEPENDING ON THE DEGREE OF GRASS DRYING, THE AVAILABILITY OF SUGAR, AS WELL AS ITS ROLE IN THE OCCURRENCE OF AEROBIC SPOILAGE OF SILAGE AND HAYLAGE

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Юрий Победнов ◽  
Yuri Pobednov ◽  
Антон Мамаев ◽  
Anton Mamaev
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Negative Effect

Aerobic spoilage in silage and haylage is affected by the intensity of alcoholic fermentation, which causes the amount of nutrient loss of the feed during excavation from the trench. The negative effect is not the alcohol content, as such, which in some cases even helps to improve the aerobic stability of the feed, but the amount of yeast found in the silo and hay at the time of opening the silos, which, in turn, depends on a number of factors. One of these factors is the low sugar-buffer ratio in plants, which should be ≤2.5. Under this condition, there is a slight accumulation of alcohol in the dry matter of the feed, which indicates a weak development of the yeast. The second factor that determines the aerobic stability of the feed and the amount of nutrient loss during storage in air is the dry matter content of plants. When stored in the air of haylage and silage from dried herbs, the loss of dry matter is reduced, reaching a minimum when preparing food from plants with a sugar-buffer ratio of ≤ 2.5. This is especially noticeable in the first 2–3 days of storing feed in the air. Subsequently, the loss of dry matter from aerobic spoilage begins to increase, causing the occurrence of secondary fermentation, which leads to its spoilage of feed. The third factor determining the aerobic stability of a silo is its shelf life under anaerobic conditions, which should not be less than 90 days. This follows from the biological features of the development of yeast, which are the main initiators of aerobic spoilage. However, haylage is predisposed to aerobic spoilage for any shelf life in trenches.

scholarly journals Changes in quality characteristics of Golden Delicious apples under different storage conditions and correlations between them

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blažek ◽  
I. Hlušičková ◽  
A. Varga
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Flesh Firmness

&nbsp;In this four-year study, fruits of Golden Delicious cv. randomly sampled from four different orchards on M 9 were kept at 1 or 2<sup>o</sup>C in air storage, and in the course of storing individually assessed for weight, skin colour, skin blush, skin waxiness, flesh firmness, vitamin C content, total acid content, pH value, total sugars, dry matter and calcium content. Changes in some of these fruit quality characteristics during storage are presented and compared with their course during storage both in the cellar and ULO. The maximum storage life of the fruits in the air storage was estimated at 150 days on average. From individual fruit data, correlations between all the observed characteristics at different stages of the storage period were calculated. Fruit weight was positively correlated with dry matter, vitamin C, sugar and acid content, but negatively correlated with flesh firmness and calcium content. Fruits with more skin blush were correlated with higher vitamin C. Flesh firmness was mostly correlated with dry matter content, but negatively correlated with calcium content and pH values. Vitamin C content was positively correlated with total acids, but negatively correlated with pH values, sugar:acid ratio and calcium content. Total acids were negatively correlated with pH values and sugar:acid ratio. At the end of the storage period, the total acid content was also correlated with dry matter content. Total sugars were closely correlated with dry matter content and negatively correlated with calcium content.&nbsp; Calcium content was very closely negatively correlated with dry matter content, and also negatively correlated with the sugar:acid ratio. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals PHYSICOCHEMICAL CARACTERISTICS OF UNRIPE APPLES

2021 ◽  
Vol XXVIII (4) ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
Diana Crucirescu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Unripe Apples ◽  
A Current

Apple plays an important role in human health. The unripe apples, after physiological falls and the agricultural operation "regulation of the fruit load", are not used for food. The use of agricultural organic waste is a current problem. In the presented paper was approached the possibility of valorification on these unripe fruits to obtain natural products. Were studied the unripe apples of 4 varieties: Coredana, Golden Rezistent, Rewena and Reglindis. The fruits were harvested during development at 45th, 58th, 71st, 84th and 97th days after the full bloom. It was determined physico-chemical indices in fruits extracts. During the ripening of fruits, the diameter and mass increased continuously, the moisture content does not change significantly, but the pH values of the apple pulp increased nonessential. Dry matter content and total sugar increased considerably as the fruits were growing. There are unexpected increases in dry matter around the 84th day after the full bloom. The acidity decreased during the fruit development. Sensory evaluation was also effectuated. The results obtained provide informations regarding the optimal use of the unripe apple varieties researched in order to process and obtain different products (especially natural acidifiers).

scholarly journals Silage production and the chemical composition of corn and Grass-tanzania intercropping

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1607
Author(s):  
Fabiana Luiza Matielo de Paula ◽  
Luis Fernando Glasenapp de Menezes ◽  
Wagner Paris ◽  
Ricardo Ronsani ◽  
Sarah Maria Hoppen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Recovery Indices

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production and chemical composition of silages of grass Tanzania and corn, grown single or intercropping. The experiment was conducted at UTFPR Câmpus Dois Vizinhos in the period between October 2011 and July 2012, a 600 m² area. The treatments were: TMI - single corn, TMT - corn and grass Tanzania consortium at the time of sowing, TT - Tanzania grass single, TT32 - grass Tanzania silage to 32% dry matter (content similar to that of corn). The experimental design a randomized block design with four treatments and five replications. Agronomic evaluations were performed 120 days after planting, as follows: number of linear-1 plants metro, plant height and ear insertion and number of ears.plants-1. In the grass we evaluated canopy height, where it was held the botanical separation in green leaves, dried and stem. Silage started being held in 100 mm PVC pipe (mini-silos) kept sealed for 60 days. At the time of opening of the silo were determined the following parameters: DM, pH, total loss of DM (PDM), specifies mass (SM), dry matter recovery indices (IRDM), losses gas (LG), and size particle. Chemical analysis of the results of OM, MM, ADF were higher for TMI treatments, TT and TT, respectively. CP and LIG had superior results for the treatments containing grass. Corn intercropping with grass Tanzania silage provides more crude protein and lignin compared to exclusive corn silage without damaging the crop yield. Silage maiden Tanzania has higher levels of ADF and crude protein as well as increased production of dry matter than corn silage. The grass Tanzania should be harvested with 30% DM as presented better pH values, higher dry matter recovery rate, less loss of gas as well as increased production of dry matter that Tanzania harvested at the same age corn.

Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document