scholarly journals Estimation of efficiency of recurrent selection on the field artificial infectious background in creating of red clover breeding material resistant to root rots

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Екатерина Арзамасова ◽  
Ekaterina Arzamasova ◽  
Мария Грипась ◽  
Maria Griping ◽  
Евгения Попова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Initial Form ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Initial Forms

The results are reflected of research work on the evaluation of previously created hybrid material of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), which passed a selection study on a field artificial Fusarium background in compare with initial forms without selection and standard variety Dymkovsky. For improving objectivity of the assessment, a field infection background was created based on a mixture of local strains of Fusarium spp. (F. oxysporum + F. avenaceum + F. heterosporum). The efficiency of formation of a disease-resistant breeding material by the method of recurrent biotypic selection was analyzed on the most significant economic and biological characteristics: winter hardiness; plant height; dry mass and seed productivity; disease resistance. Information on agrometeorological conditions in the years of research was provided. According to the results of the study, a high winter hardiness of breeding populations was found in various conditions of the autumn-winter periods. The tendency was noted of increasing in forage and seed productivity in hybrids that have been selected on an infectious background in comparison with the initial forms; their lower susceptibility to root rot in the second year of life was established. For further breeding work, three prospective root rot-resistant populations have been selected: GPF-64-2 — with significantly higher dry matter yield relative to standard Dymkovsky by year of use; GPF-60-2 — with seed yield at the level of the standard and the excess of initial form by 87.5%; GPF-63-2 — with the least degree of damage to the root system in comparison with initial form and standard.

scholarly journals Forage yield and persistence of red clover progenies in two environments

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Portella Montardo ◽  
Miguel Dall'Agnol ◽  
Nilton Rodrigues Paim
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Physiographic Regions

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the most important temperate legume species, used to lessen the lack of forage during the critical fall-winter period in Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil. However, its utilization has been restricted mainly because of its lack of persistence. This work evaluates the dry matter yield and persistence of red clover half-sib progenies in two physiographic regions of RS: "Depressão Central", in Eldorado do Sul and "Encosta Superior do Nordeste", in Veranópolis. Experiments were carried out for two growing seasons and results were compared to two red clover commercial checks, Qüiñequeli and Estanzuela 116. The region of Veranópolis was more adequate for red clover forage production, enabling better yield and persistence. The best check for both locations was cultivar Estanzuela 116. At Eldorado do Sul persistence was highly affected and some progenies were superior to the best check. At Veranópolis the best check was very productive, with good persistence. The best progenies at both locations were selected to be propagated and submitted to additional recurrent selection cycles.

THE EFFECT OF SEEDING DATE AND CUTTING FREQUENCY ON THE YIELD AND PERSISTENCE OF RED CLOVER

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. COULMAN ◽  
A. KIELLY
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
The Third ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
Effect On Yield

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of seeding date and cutting management on the yield and persistence of several cultivars of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Seeding dates were either in the spring or around mid-August while cutting treatments included two or three cuts in the first production year of the stand. Three experiments were established in 1980, 1982 and 1983 and each was evaluated for two consecutive production years. There was no difference in the yield and persistence of red clover stands seeded in May or June. In two of the three experiments, the first production year yields were lower for August seedings than for spring seedings; however, second production year yields were not different. In the third experiment, first production year yields were similar for spring and August seedings; however, second production year yields were higher for the August seeding. Cutting frequency generally had little effect on yield or persistence, but, when differences were detected, the two-cut system was superior to the three-cut. There was variation in the performance of the cultivars over the environmental conditions sampled by the three experiments. Choice of cultivar seems to be an important consideration in obtaining high-yielding, more persistent red clover stands.Key words: Trifolium pratense L., winter hardiness, seeding date, cutting frequency, clover (red)

Breeding red clover for improved persistence in Chile: a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Ortega ◽  
Leonardo Parra ◽  
Andrés Quiroz
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Factors ◽  
Breeding Methodology

The main limitation of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) worldwide including in Chile is the lack of persistence related to the high mortality of plants due to a complex of biotic and abiotic factors. We have demonstrated in various trials in Chile that red clover plant population is highly correlated with forage yield once the plant population has dropped to a certain level, from the second or third season onward, depending on the environment of evaluation. We have also found that in the south of Chile, among the biotic and abiotic factors affecting red clover survival, the curculionid Hylastinus obscurus (Marsham) is the main deleterious factor. However, because persistence is a complex trait, we have used a practical approach in our breeding program. We selected for general adaptability under field conditions and used a modified among and within half-family selection methodology, evaluating at the same time families as swards and spaced plants. This breeding methodology and strategy have yielded reasonable genetic gains since we started our breeding program in 1989 at INIA Carillanca, Chile. Since then, we have conducted five cycles of recurrent selection, and two cultivars have been released to replace the old cultivar, Quiñequeli INIA. These are Redqueli INIA and, more recently, Superqueli INIA. Depending on location and trial, average forage yield of the newest cultivar Superqueli INIA has been 23–69% higher than Quiñequeli INIA and 5–36% higher than Redqueli INIA; this difference increases in the third and fourth seasons. Superqueli INIA had four times the yield of Quiñequeli INIA in the fourth season. Therefore, the average realised genetic gain has been 0.4–2.6% per year, depending on location, showing the effectiveness of the breeding methodology and approach used.

Micronutrients reduce root rot in red clover (Trifolium pratense)

2012 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Stoltz ◽  
Ann-Charlotte Wallenhammar
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover

Detection and assesment of red clover genetic sources with self-compatibility for development the varieties with high and sustainable seed productivity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Ю. Новосёлов ◽  
О.А. Старшинова ◽  
Л.В. Дробышева ◽  
Г.П. Зятчина
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

Основными лимитирующими факторами в развитии клеверосеяния являются дефицит семян и их высокая стоимость. Наши исследования были направлены на поиск, выделение и изучение самосовместимых генотипов клевера лугового (Trifolium pratense L.). Потомство образца № 3000 I1, генетического источника самосовместимости, обладало данным свойством на уровне от 18 до 100 %. Средняя величина завязываемости семян при самоопылении составила 77 %, что сопоставимо с результатом при перекрёстном опылении (93 %) и многократно превосходит показатель самосовместимости у диплоидных сортов (0,5–1 %). Все изученные формы обладали завязываемостью семян на уровне 46 % без триппинга цветков при механическом воздействии на соцветия. Цитологическое изучение пыльцы и анализирующие скрещивания с диплоидными формами показали, что данный образец имеет диплоидное состояние. Сравнение по основным морфо-биологическим признакам образца № 3000 I1 с сортами Ранний 2 и ВИК 7 показало, что он отличается более продолжительным вегетационным периодом, низкорослостью, формирует большее количество стеблей, отличается повышенной облиственностью, содержанием сухого вещества и протеина. Выявлена высокая наследуемость самосовместимости в реципрокных скрещиваниях с сортом Ранний 2. Уровень самосовместимости более 50 % в поколении F1 был достигнут у 53 % генотипов при прямых и 74 % — при обратных скрещиваниях. Таким образом, созданный исходный материал может использоваться в селекционной практике для получения гомозиготного линейного материала и создания многолинейных сортов клевера лугового с высокой и устойчивой семенной продуктивностью. The basic limiting factor in development of clover-sowing is the deficit and high cost of seeds. Our investigations were directed on search, selection and study of self-compatible genotypes of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Progeny of a genetic source with self-compatibility (№ 3000 I1) exhibited this property with the level from 18 to 100 %. The average value of seed setting was 77 % at self-pollination, which was comparable with this parameter at cross-pollination — 93 %, and exceeded in many times self-compatibility of diploid varieties — 0.5–1 %. Every investigated genotype set seeds by 46 % in the absence of tripping, by mechanical stimulation of inflorescence. Cytology study of pollen and analyzing crossings with diploid forms have shown that studied sample is diploid. The № 3000 I1 and the varieties “Ranniy 2” and “VIK 7” were compared on morphological characters and biological properties. The studied sample had longer vegetative period, abundant foliage, was stunting, formed more stems, and contained more dry matter and protein. Self-compatibility highly inherited at reciprocal crossing with diploid variety “Ranniy 2”. Among progeny F1, at the direct crossings we have selected 53 % of genotypes with 50 % rate of self-compatibility and at the backcrossing — 74 %. Thus, the studied initial material is recommended to use in red clover breeding for creation homozygous lines and multilinear varieties with high and sustainable seed productivity.  

Selection for persistence in red clover

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Christie ◽  
R. A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Root System ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Phenotypic Recurrent Selection ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Selection For

To increase the persistence of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), phenotypic recurrent selection was conducted under field conditions. After three cycles of selection, a strain designated as CRS-16, was developed. This strain has better persistence than the check cultivars, Florex and Marino, and has a more fibrous root system. Among 4-yr-old plants, about 10% initiated new shoots from below the crown. Key words: Red clover, Trifolium pratense L. persistence, root type

Genetics of resistance to alfalfa mosaic virus in red clover

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Martin ◽  
B. E. Coulman ◽  
J. F. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Polygenic Control ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Resistant Progeny

Virus diseases are known to reduce the yield and persistence of stands of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is one of the causes of mosaic in red clover and may also cause mottling and leaf distortion. The goals of this study were to identify genotypes resistant to AMV within commercial red clover cultivars and to determine the inheritance of this resistance. Cultivars and progenies were screened for resistance by means of mechanical inoculations. Plants showing no symptoms after three successive inoculations were assayed for the presence of the virus using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Resistant plants were detected at a frequency of just over 1% in the five cultivars screened. Crosses among and between resistant (R) and susceptible (S) plants were carried out over two successive cycles of selection. In cycle 1, R × R crosses produced a higher frequency of resistant plants (19.8%) in the progenies than R × S crosses (10.9%). S × S crosses produced no resistant progeny. For crosses of resistant plants from cycle 1 progeny, (R × R) × (R × R) produced 47.8%, (R × R) × (R × S) produced 31.4% and (R × S) × (R × S) produced 29.3% resistant cycle 2 progeny. Crosses of resistant and susceptible cycle 1 plants resulted in resistance frequencies in cycle 2 which were not significantly (P < 0.05) greater than cycle 1. When only resistant plants were selected for further crossing, the percentage of resistant plants increased from 1.3 to 47.8 over the two cycles of selection. It was concluded that resistance to AMV in red clover is under polygenic control and that it should be relatively simple to select a highly resistant population through recurrent selection. Key words: Red clover, Trifolium pratense L., virus disease, alfalfa mosaic virus, recurrent selection

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