Isolation of avian nephritis virus from chickens showing enteric disorders

Poult enteritis and mortality syndrome (PEMS) is one of the most significant problem affecting turkeys and continues to cause severe economic losses worldwide. Although the specific causes of PEMS remains unknown, this syndrome might involve an interaction between several causative agents such as enteropathogenic viruses (coronaviruses, rotavirus, astroviruses and adenoviruses) and bacteria and protozoa. Non-infectious causes such as feed and management are also interconnected factors. However, it is difficult to determine the specific cause of enteric disorders under field conditions. Additionally, similarities of clinical signs and lesions hamper the accurate diagnosis. The purpose of the present review is to discuss in detail the main viral possible causative agents of PEMS and challenges in diagnosis and control.

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Simultaneous detection of astrovirus, rotavirus, reovirus and adenovirus type I in broiler chicken flocks

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.2478/v10181-012-0052-0 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 337-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

D. Roussan ◽

I. Shaheen ◽

G. Khawaldeh ◽

W. Totanji ◽

R. Al-Rifai

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Adenovirus Type ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Type I ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Group I ◽

Avian Nephritis Virus ◽

Polymerase Chain

Simultaneous detection of astrovirus, rotavirus, reovirus and adenovirus type I in broiler chicken flocksEnteric diseases cause substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. Astroviruses, rotaviruses, reoviruses, and adenovirus type 1 have been reported as a significant cause of intestinal symptoms in poultry. In the present study, intestinal samples from 70 commercial broiler chicken flocks were examined for the presence of astroviruses, rotavirus, and reovirus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and for the presence of group I adenovirus by polymerase chain reaction. Astroviruses were identified in 38.6% of samples tested. Both avian nephritis virus and chicken astrovirus were identified in the astrovirus positive flocks, where 74.1% of these flocks were positive for only one type of astrovirus, whereas, 25.9% of these flocks were positive for both types of astrovirus. Reoviruses, rotaviruses, and adenoviruses were identified in 21.4, 18.6, and 14.3% of these flocks, respectively. Concomitant infection with two or more viruses in the same flock were also prominent, where 5.7, 5.7, 2.9, 2.9, 1.4, and 1.4% of these flocks were positive with both astrovirus and rotavirus; astrovirus and adenovirus; astrovirus and reovirus; rotavirus and adenovirus; rotavirus and reovirus; and reovirus and adenovirus respectively. Moreover, 4.3 and 2.7% of these flocks were positive for astrovirus, reovirus, and adenovirus; and astrovirus, reovirus, and rotavirus, respectively. Further studies will focus on identifying specific viral factors or subtypes/subgroups associated with disease through pathogenesis studies, economic losses caused by infections and co-infections of these pathogens, and the costs and benefits of countermeasures.

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The C-terminal end of the capsid protein of Avian Nephritis Virus is antigenic and induces broadly cross-reactive antibodies

Journal of Virological Methods ◽

10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.04.019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 221 ◽

pp. 106-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K.A. Hewson ◽

N.K. Wawegama ◽

D. O’Rourke ◽

K. Putri ◽

A. Chamings ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Capsid Protein ◽

Avian Nephritis Virus

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Sensitive SYBR Green—Real Time PCR for the Detection and Quantitation of Avian Rotavirus A

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci6010002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 2 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David De la Torre ◽

Claudete Astolfi-Ferreira ◽

Ruy Chacon ◽

Antonio Piantino Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Real Time ◽

Sybr Green ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Rotavirus A ◽

Avian Nephritis Virus ◽

Polymerase Chain

Avian rotavirus A (ARtV-A) is a virus that affects young birds, causing acute diarrhea and economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. The techniques used for the diagnosis of ARtV-A include electron microscopy, isolation in cell culture, and serology, as well as molecular techniques, such as the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The objective of this work was to standardize a real-time RT-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using SYBR Green chemistry for the rapid detection and quantification of ARtV-A from bird tissues and materials fixed on FTA cards on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of segment 6 (S6), which codes for the structural VP6 protein of ARtV-A. The results show the efficient amplification of the proposed target, with a limit of detection (LoD) of one copy gene (CG) per microliter of cDNA and a limit of quantification (LoQ) of 10 CGs per microliter. The efficiency of the primers was determined to be 95.66% using a standard curve, with an R2 value of 0.999 and a slope of −3.43. The specificity was determined using samples coinfected with ARtV-A, the chicken parvovirus, the chicken astrovirus, and the avian nephritis virus as positive controls and commercially available vaccines of the infectious bronchitis virus, infectious bursa disease virus, avian reovirus and healthy organs as negative controls. This technique, which lacks nonspecific PCR products and dimers, demonstrated greater sensitivity and specificity than conventional RT-PCR, and it reduced the analysis time by more than 50%.

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Future Prospects of Probiotics as Therapeutics Against Enteric Disorders

Probiotic Bacteria and Enteric Infections ◽

10.1007/978-94-007-0386-5_19 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 445-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. P. Culligan ◽

C. Hill ◽

R. D. Sleator

Keyword(s):

Future Prospects ◽

Enteric Disorders

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Prevalence of netB-positive Clostridium perfringens in Italian poultry flocks by environmental sampling

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638719885841 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 252-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francesca Profeta ◽

Cristina E. Di Francesco ◽

Andrea Di Provvido ◽

Massimo Scacchia ◽

Alessandra Alessiani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clostridium Perfringens ◽

Toxin Gene ◽

Environmental Sampling ◽

Necrotic Enteritis ◽

Enteric Diseases ◽

Enteric Disorders ◽

The Impact ◽

Encoding Genes ◽

Very High ◽

Turkey Flock

Clostridium perfringens type G is one of the pathogens involved in enteric diseases in poultry. NetB, a pore-forming toxin, is considered the main virulence factor responsible for necrotic enteritis during C. perfringens infection. We carried out a field study involving 14 farms to evaluate the occurrence of netB-positive C. perfringens and the impact of infection in Italian poultry flocks. Environmental samples ( n = 117) and 50 carcasses were screened by microbiologic and molecular methods. Microbiologic investigations yielded 82 C. perfringens isolates. DNA was extracted from all samples and screened for α-toxin and NetB encoding genes by real-time PCR. The C. perfringens α-toxin gene was detected in 151 of 167 extracts (90.4%), and 31 of 151 (20.5%) were netB gene positive also. Sixteen isolates from a turkey flock with mild enteric disorders were also netB positive, demonstrating their occurrence not only in broiler but also in turkey flocks. A pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol was optimized to evaluate the diversity among isolates and revealed high genetic heterogeneity. The complete NetB toxin-coding gene of 2 C. perfringens isolates from turkey and broiler flocks were analyzed and showed very high relatedness with analogous sequences worldwide.

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