scholarly journals What Future for Traditional Encyclopedias in the Age of Wikipedia?

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Upshall
Keyword(s):  
General Purpose ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Balanced Structure ◽  
Reference Tool

The launch and rapid domination of Wikipedia as a reference tool for the Internet was as dramatic as it was unexpected. Wikipedia broke so many of the rules of reference publishing, which, even if not formally codified, had been widely accepted for many years: the use of (usually named) authorities as expert contributors, and the presence of moderating editors to ensure balanced structure. All this appeared to have been swept away with Wikipedia, and, not least because Wikipedia content is given away rather than sold, the competition between Wikipedia and most general-purpose encyclopedias was a sad and rather one-sided affair. One by one the existing commercial print general encyclopedias admitted defeat; among the latest is Brockhaus, the leading German encyclopedia brand, which ended publication early in 2013.

scholarly journals A Guideline on Pseudorandom Number Generation (PRNG) in the IoT

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Peter Kietzmann ◽  
Thomas C. Schmidt ◽  
Matthias Wählisch
Keyword(s):  
General Purpose ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Essential Input ◽  
Attack Surface ◽  
Pseudorandom Number Generation ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Random numbers are an essential input to many functions on the Internet of Things (IoT). Common use cases of randomness range from low-level packet transmission to advanced algorithms of artificial intelligence as well as security and trust, which heavily rely on unpredictable random sources. In the constrained IoT, though, unpredictable random sources are a challenging desire due to limited resources, deterministic real-time operations, and frequent lack of a user interface. In this article, we revisit the generation of randomness from the perspective of an IoT operating system (OS) that needs to support general purpose or crypto-secure random numbers. We analyze the potential attack surface, derive common requirements, and discuss the potentials and shortcomings of current IoT OSs. A systematic evaluation of current IoT hardware components and popular software generators based on well-established test suits and on experiments for measuring performance give rise to a set of clear recommendations on how to build such a random subsystem and which generators to use.

VRML-Based System for a 3D Virtual Museum

2005 ◽  
pp. 3028-3035
Author(s):  
José-Fernando. Diez-Higuera ◽  
Francisco-Javier Diaz-Pernas
Keyword(s):  
General Purpose ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Web Browsers ◽  
Static Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Navigation Program ◽  
Long Time ◽  
3D Information ◽  
High Level

In the last few years, because of the increasing growth of the Internet, general-purpose clients have achieved a high level of popularity for static consultation of text and pictures. This is the case of the World Wide Web (i.e., the Web browsers). Using a hypertext system, Web users can select and read in their computers information from all around the world, with no other requirement than an Internet connection and a navigation program. For a long time, the information available on the Internet has been series of written texts and 2D pictures (i.e., static information). This sort of information suited many publications, but it was highly unsatisfactory for others, like those related to objects of art, where real volume, and interactivity with the user, are of great importance. Here, the possibility of including 3D information in Web pages makes real sense.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT OF THE TARAS SHEVCHENKO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF KYIV’S LINGUISTIC EDUCATIONAL MUSEUM EXPOSITION WITH SIMILAR INSTITUTIONS IN THE WORLD

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
A. М. Bocharnikova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
The Internet ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
National University

The article contains information on all general-purpose linguistic museums that are currently functioning in the world, functioned in the past, or are at the project stage. In cases where this is possible, the structure of museum’s exposition is examined. Criteria that have played a key role in the division of museums’ content into structural elements are defined. The accuracy of exposition authors’ compliance of their approaches has also been analyzed. The first linguistic museum in the world that opened its doors to visitors was Taras Shevchenko university of Kyiv’s Linguistic Educational Museum founded in 1992 by the order of the university’s rector. During next sixteen years it was world’s only linguistic museum till the year 2008 when National Museum of Language in the US was opened. In 2013 a new linguistic museum named Mundolingua was established in Paris. After 2014 when the museum in USA was closed and till now it continues to be the only linguistic museum in the world except Linguistic Educational Museum in Ukraine that is functioning. At present times there are several big projects of establishing a comprehensive linguistic museum in different countries. Among them is Planet Word in Washington, Museum der Sprachen der Welt in Berlin, Museum of Language in London. The work upon these projects is in progress and hasn’t reached the stage of completeness. There are also two websites available on the Internet that have the name of museum but does not contain any traces of the exposition content. These are the website of the above mentioned National Museum of Language and Taalmuseum in the Netherlands. Both of these websites are portals for announcements concerning exhibitions, lectures and meetings in different places that are somehow referred to language topics. In this article the structure of the museums content has also been analyzed. Linguistic Educational Museum in Kyiv was established for academic purposes therefore its content has the same structure as the Introductory Linguistics course. At the same time it reveals the principles of the museum exposition author’s Doctor of Science thesis named the Metatheory of Linguisics.

scholarly journals An open code pledge for the neuroscience community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cooper Smout ◽  
Dawn Liu Holford ◽  
Kelly Garner ◽  
ruddy manuel illanes beyuma ◽  
Paula Andrea Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Research Community ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Collective Action Problem ◽  
Community Project ◽  
Collective Action Problems ◽  
Neuroscience Community

Sharing of research code would greatly benefit neuroscience, but this practice is hampered by a collective action problem. Since the development of the internet, conditional pledge platforms (e.g., Kickstarter) have increasingly been used to solve globally-dispersed collective action problems (Hallam, 2016). However, this strategy has yet to be implemented within academia. In this brief paper, we introduce a general purpose conditional pledge platform for the research community: Project Free Our Knowledge. We highlight a new conditional pledge campaign that was initiated at Brainhack 2021 and aims to motivate a critical mass of neuroscientists to share their research code. Crucially, this commitment activates only when a user-defined threshold of support is reached. We conclude by sharing our vision for how the research community could use collective action campaigns to create a sustained, evidence-based movement for social change in academia.

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