scholarly journals Multiscalar Narratives of a Disaster: From Media Amplification to Western Participation in Asian Tsunamis

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Bonati
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Technological Disaster ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Private Participation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Foreign Governments ◽  
Private Donations ◽  
Tohoku Tsunami

The international recovery system responds differently to disasters with similar characteristics. It answers to specific motivations that are not necessarily connected to the nature of the disaster. The variability of the answers given not only depends on the type of disaster but also, in particular, on the local social structure and on the transcalar narrative of the disaster used to move communities not directly affected to action. This paper therefore analyses the level of Western involvement in two Asian tsunami recovery plans and the role of the media in attracting Western private donations. To this end, Italian involvement in the two cases is discussed. Beginning with a literature review to support the argument that the media are crucial in stimulating private participation through ‘spectacularizing’ the disaster, this paper illustrates that, when spectacularization is insufficient, the media additionally adopts the strategy of ‘transposition’, leading to ‘appropriation’ of the event. In particular, during the Boxing Day tsunami of 2004, the transposition became the ‘Westernization’ of the narrative of the disaster. The process of transposition or Westernization, however, did not happen with the same modalities in the narrative of the Tohoku tsunami of 2011. In this case, the focus was more on the technological disaster that followed the natural disaster. The author concludes that emotional transposition of the disasters by the media played an important role in stimulating private donations and in spurring governmental relief in both the disasters. Foreign governments, however, are mainly moved by other factors such as ‘flag policy’ or what Olsen et al. (2004) identified as the concept of ‘donor interests’.

scholarly journals Citizens as Complicits: Distrust in Politicians and Biased Social Dissemination of Political Information

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
TROELS BØGGILD ◽  
LENE AARØE ◽  
MICHAEL BANG PETERSEN
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Foreign Governments ◽  
Mass Level

Widespread distrust in politicians is often attributed to the way elites portray politics to citizens: the media, competing candidates, and foreign governments are largely considered responsible for portraying politicians as self-interested actors pursuing personal electoral and economic interests. This article turns to the mass level and considers the active role of citizens in disseminating such information. We build on psychological research on human cooperation, holding that people exhibit an interpersonal transmission bias in favor of information on the self-interested, antisocial behavior of others to maintain group cooperation. We posit that this transmission bias extends to politics, causing citizens to disproportionally disseminate information on self-interested politicians through interpersonal communication and, in turn, contributes to distrust in politicians and policy disapproval. We support these predictions using novel experimental studies, allowing us to observe transmission rates and opinion effects in actual communication chains. The findings have implications for understanding and accommodating political distrust.

A STUDY ON THE IMAGE OF CHINA IN THE GERMAN MEDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-86
Author(s):  
YU NIAO
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Review Section ◽  
National Image ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
The Media

In recent years there has been an increasing number of researches in the domestic academic community studying the image of China in the German media. This article is divided into two parts: literature review and theoretical foundation combing. The literature review section compares domestic and foreign studies on China's image in the German media coverage of China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the studies on China-related reports in the German media and in the Western media during the pandemic are based on lexical choices and discourse themes to analyse the negative images of China portrayed by the media and to explore the inuence of ideology and national interests on the construction of the discourse, without exploring the role of the discourse maker's cognition, thinking and knowledge in the production and interpretation of the discourse. In terms of theoretical foundations, this article has identied the theory of stereotypes and national identity in communication studies, thus forming a theoretical system of national image research based on critical discourse analysis

scholarly journals DESNATURALIZANDO O DESASTRE: AS DIFERENTES CONCEPÇÕES TEÓRICAS QUE ENVOLVEM O CONCEITO DE DESASTRE NATURAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
Jander Barbosa Monteiro ◽  
Maria Elisa Zanella
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Public Power ◽  
Printed Media ◽  
Extensive Literature Review ◽  
Mitigating Factors ◽  
The Media ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion

O termo desastre natural, bastante difundido em diversos estudos nas últimas décadas, apresenta diferentes concepções que podem conduzir a interpretações equivocadas. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma análise de diferentes concepções teóricas associadas ao emprego do termo desastre natural (e terminologias correlatas) difundidas na comunidade científica e nas mídias eletrônica e impressa nacional, além de discutir como as mesmas podem interferir no entendimento e tomada de medidas mitigadoras por parte do poder público e sociedade. As análises e discussões foram embasadas em vasta literatura e consultas à documentos eletrônicos e impressos veiculados na mídia. Cada vez mais, a visão fisicalista foi dando espaço a uma concepção mais social e integral dos desastres e, no intuito de desnaturalizar o conceito amplamente difundido na comunidade científica, alguns estudiosos passaram a empregar o termo desastre socionatural, uma vez que os danos provenientes das ameaças naturais sobre uma população assumem formas e proporções distintas quando considerados inúmeros componentes de ordem social.Palavras-Chave: Desastre Natural; Paradigma Fisicalista; Desastre Socionatural ABSTRACTThe term natural disaster, widely diffused in several studies in the last decades, presents different conceptions that can lead to misinterpretations. The objective of this article is to analyze the different theoretical conceptions associated with the use of the term natural disaster (and related terminologies) as it was disseminated in the scientific community and in the national electronic and printed media, as well as to discuss how they can interfere in the understanding and taking of measures mitigating factors coming from public power and society. The analyses and discussions were based on extensive literature review and consultations with electronic and printed documents published in the media. Increasingly, the physicalist vision has given way to a more social and integral conception of disasters and, in order to denature the concept widely diffused in the scientific community, some scholars have begun to use the term socio-natural disaster, since damage from natural threats to a population take on different forms and proportions when considered numerous social components.Key-words: natural disaster, physicalist paradigm, socio-natural disaster. RESUMENEl término desastre natural, un montón difundido en diversos estudios en las últimas décadas, presenta distintas concepciones que pueden conducir a interpretaciones equivocadas. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un análisis de diferentes concepciones teóricas asociadas al empleo del término desastre natural (y terminologías aglutinadas) difundidas en la comunidad científica y en los medios electrónicos y prensa nacional, además de discutir cómo las mismas pueden interferir en el entendimiento y toma de medidas mitigadoras por parte del poder público y la sociedad. Los análisis y discusiones se basaron en una vasta literatura y investigaciones a documentos electrónicos e impresos publicados en los medios de comunicación. Cada vez más, la visión fisicalista fue dando espacio a una concepción más social e integral de los desastres y, con la intención de desnaturalizar el concepto ampliamente difundido en la comunidad científica, algunos estudiosos empezaron a emplear el término desastre socionatural, una vez que los daños provenientes de las amenazas naturales sobre una población asumen formas y proporciones distintas cuando se consideran innumerables componentes de orden social.Palabras clave: Desastre Natural; Paradigma Fisicalista; Desastres Socionaturales. 

scholarly journals METAANALYSIS OF RESEARCH STUDIES RELATED TO EFFECTS OF TELEVISED-VIOLENCE ON SOCIETY

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Erum Hafeez
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Media Violence ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
The Media ◽  
Television Plays ◽  
Research Studies

With the advent and popularity of Television by the end of 1950s and early 1960s, researchers focused the role and effects of this new medium on its growing audience. Himmelweit (1958) and Schramm (1961) are considered the pioneer researchers in the field. The volume of scientific studies regarding televised violence was largely increased following the landmark State Reports in US published between 1972 and 1982. These reports indicated that the proliferation of TV has exposed children to media violence at home. However, violence is rarely caused by a single factor, it rather involves multiple factors. Signorielli (2005) in her book Violence in the Media rightly commented that television plays a unique role of an entertaining storyteller but the increasing commercialization of TV is a serious matter of concern.1 The objective of this literature review is to provide a holistic overview of the landmark studies conducted on televised violence and its contribution to real life crimes and violence in society.

scholarly journals The 3% problem: Why Are There So Few Females in Creative Advertising?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleeza Yermus
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Advertising Industry ◽  
The Media ◽  
State Of Affairs

The purpose of this Masters Research Paper is to examine the role of women in the creative advertising industry. After extensive research into this area of study, it is evident that globally, women make up a very small percentage of the creative roles and executive positions within the advertising industry (Jean Grow & Tao Deng, 2014). Given this state of affairs, consciousness-raising movements like The 3% Conference, for example, (Jesse Thomas, 2012) have emerged in order to raise awareness of this problem and to promote change for women in the advertising industry in the United States and beyond. The literature review that informs the original research conducted in this MRP will analyze the historical trends of women in the creative departments of the global advertising industry in practice and in popular culture and some of the factors that may contribute to this gender disparity – the objective was to examine and gain an understanding of why this gender gap persists. The data was then collected from three different media sources: the television show Mad Men, the documentary film Art & Copy and an online movement called The 3% Conference. My findings were derived from a series of content analyses that enabled me to determine how the media and online professional organizations like The 3% Conference portray women in creative advertising in North America. Lastly, the literature review was compared to the results from the data, to determine whether the media offers a reliable depiction of women in the creative advertising industry.

scholarly journals The 3% problem: Why Are There So Few Females in Creative Advertising?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleeza Yermus
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Advertising Industry ◽  
The Media ◽  
State Of Affairs

The purpose of this Masters Research Paper is to examine the role of women in the creative advertising industry. After extensive research into this area of study, it is evident that globally, women make up a very small percentage of the creative roles and executive positions within the advertising industry (Jean Grow & Tao Deng, 2014). Given this state of affairs, consciousness-raising movements like The 3% Conference, for example, (Jesse Thomas, 2012) have emerged in order to raise awareness of this problem and to promote change for women in the advertising industry in the United States and beyond. The literature review that informs the original research conducted in this MRP will analyze the historical trends of women in the creative departments of the global advertising industry in practice and in popular culture and some of the factors that may contribute to this gender disparity – the objective was to examine and gain an understanding of why this gender gap persists. The data was then collected from three different media sources: the television show Mad Men, the documentary film Art & Copy and an online movement called The 3% Conference. My findings were derived from a series of content analyses that enabled me to determine how the media and online professional organizations like The 3% Conference portray women in creative advertising in North America. Lastly, the literature review was compared to the results from the data, to determine whether the media offers a reliable depiction of women in the creative advertising industry.

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