scholarly journals Citizens as Complicits: Distrust in Politicians and Biased Social Dissemination of Political Information

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
TROELS BØGGILD ◽  
LENE AARØE ◽  
MICHAEL BANG PETERSEN
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Foreign Governments ◽  
Mass Level

Widespread distrust in politicians is often attributed to the way elites portray politics to citizens: the media, competing candidates, and foreign governments are largely considered responsible for portraying politicians as self-interested actors pursuing personal electoral and economic interests. This article turns to the mass level and considers the active role of citizens in disseminating such information. We build on psychological research on human cooperation, holding that people exhibit an interpersonal transmission bias in favor of information on the self-interested, antisocial behavior of others to maintain group cooperation. We posit that this transmission bias extends to politics, causing citizens to disproportionally disseminate information on self-interested politicians through interpersonal communication and, in turn, contributes to distrust in politicians and policy disapproval. We support these predictions using novel experimental studies, allowing us to observe transmission rates and opinion effects in actual communication chains. The findings have implications for understanding and accommodating political distrust.

scholarly journals Does Danger Level Affect Bystander Intervention in Real-Life Conflicts? Evidence From CCTV Footage

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062110426
Author(s):  
Marie Rosenkrantz Lindegaard ◽  
Lasse Suonperä Liebst ◽  
Richard Philpot ◽  
Mark Levine ◽  
Wim Bernasco
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Interpersonal Conflicts ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Public Surveillance ◽  
Helping Others

In real-life violence, bystanders can take an active role in de-escalating conflict and helping others. Recent meta-analytical evidence of experimental studies suggests that elevated danger levels in conflicts facilitate bystander intervention. However, this finding may lack ecological validity because ethical concerns prohibit exposing participants to potentially harmful situations. Using an ecologically valid method, based on an analysis of 80 interpersonal conflicts unobtrusively recorded by public surveillance cameras, the present study confirms that danger is positively associated with bystander intervention. In the presence of danger, bystanders were 19 times more likely to intervene than in the absence of danger. It extends this knowledge by discovering that incremental changes in the severity level of the danger (low, medium, and high), however, were not associated with bystander intervention. These findings confirm the importance of further investigating the role of danger for bystander intervention, in larger samples, and involving multiple types of real-life emergencies.

Political Leadership Performance in a Mediatized World

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-132
Author(s):  
Eva Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leadership Performance ◽  
The Media

Political communication is becoming increasingly mediatized. Mediatization refers both to a gradual increase in the role of the media in political communication and the spillover effects that this increase has had on the way politics takes place and is organized and relatedly, the performance of political leadership. Of particular importance for political leadership styles is the surge of drama politics, the fragmentation of political communication and the active role of citizens in political communication. Chapter 9’s typology of democratic political leadership performance lays the ground for an analysis of how paternalist, populist, engaged, and interactive political leadership styles are affected by the increased mediatization. The analysis suggests that an interactive political leadership style is more viable than the other three political leadership styles to patterns of mediatization in the age of governance.

Enquête sur le rapport des journalistes à la démocratie : le rôle de médiateur en question

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Gingras
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The Political ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Liberal Societies ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Media ◽  
Selection Of

Résumé.Dans ce texte, nous tentons d'évaluer le rôle sociopolitique des journalistes en posant les éléments fondamentaux d'une conceptualisation du rôle des médias en démocratie et en analysant les résultats d'une recherche empirique sur l'engagement des journalistes envers la démocratie menée de l'été 2008 au printemps 2010. Notre étude prend appui sur la dichotomie entre un rôle actif des médias et un rôle instrumental face au système politique, dichotomie que nous faisons porter sur les journalistes. Nous prétendons que les médias et les journalistes jouent le rôle de « médiateurs » dans les sociétés libérales, c'est-à-dire d'agents individuels ou collectifs par qui transitent des messages explicites ou implicites; ces agents ajoutent une couche de sens par diverses méthodes dont la sélection des nouvelles, la hiérarchisation des sujets ou le cadrage de personnes ou d'événements.Abstract.This paper aims to assess the sociopolitical role of journalists through a conceptual approach linking media and democracy and through an analysis of the data resulting from an investigation of journalists' commitment to democracy that was conducted from the summer of 2008 to the spring of 2010. Our study is founded on the dichotomy between an active role for the media and an instrumental one in the face of the political system, and this dichotomy is applied to journalists. We believe that the media and journalists function as “mediators” in liberal societies, that is, as individual or collective agents through whom explicit or implicit messages pass; these agents add a layer of signification by diverse methods, among which are the selection of news, the categorization of issues or the framing of individuals or events.

scholarly journals Multiscalar Narratives of a Disaster: From Media Amplification to Western Participation in Asian Tsunamis

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Bonati
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Technological Disaster ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Private Participation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Foreign Governments ◽  
Private Donations ◽  
Tohoku Tsunami

The international recovery system responds differently to disasters with similar characteristics. It answers to specific motivations that are not necessarily connected to the nature of the disaster. The variability of the answers given not only depends on the type of disaster but also, in particular, on the local social structure and on the transcalar narrative of the disaster used to move communities not directly affected to action. This paper therefore analyses the level of Western involvement in two Asian tsunami recovery plans and the role of the media in attracting Western private donations. To this end, Italian involvement in the two cases is discussed. Beginning with a literature review to support the argument that the media are crucial in stimulating private participation through ‘spectacularizing’ the disaster, this paper illustrates that, when spectacularization is insufficient, the media additionally adopts the strategy of ‘transposition’, leading to ‘appropriation’ of the event. In particular, during the Boxing Day tsunami of 2004, the transposition became the ‘Westernization’ of the narrative of the disaster. The process of transposition or Westernization, however, did not happen with the same modalities in the narrative of the Tohoku tsunami of 2011. In this case, the focus was more on the technological disaster that followed the natural disaster. The author concludes that emotional transposition of the disasters by the media played an important role in stimulating private donations and in spurring governmental relief in both the disasters. Foreign governments, however, are mainly moved by other factors such as ‘flag policy’ or what Olsen et al. (2004) identified as the concept of ‘donor interests’.

scholarly journals Wie die Neue Rechte den Flüchtlingsdiskurs mitprägt – ein Versuch einer wortorientierten Diskursanalyse anhand Junger Freiheit und Compact

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-83
Author(s):  
Sebastian Maślanka
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
New Right ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
The Media ◽  
Migration Crisis

Assuming an active role of language in profiling the reality of a given discourse, the article presents characteristic discursive practices used by the media related to the German New Right when referring to the migration crisis and refugees. Based on the DIMEAN model, the online magazines of Junge Freiheit and Compact were analyzed accordingly.

scholarly journals INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION STRATEGY OF TRAINERS AND PLAYERS IN IMPROVING THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE FUTSAL TEAM OF UPI BANDUNG (Qualitative Study of Putri UPI Bandung Futsal Team)

Empowerment ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Arief Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Strategy Training ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Media

Abstract: Interpersonal Communication Strategy for Trainers and Players in Improving the Achievement of UPI Bandung Futsal Team. Interpersonal communication is communication that has a large effect in terms of changing the attitudes and thoughts of others, especially individuals. This is because, usually the parties involved in the communication meet directly, do not use the media in delivering the message so that there is no distance that separates the communicator from the communicant. The diversity of the UPI Bandung Futsal Club players led to the need for an appropriate communication in a training situation and at the time of evaluation after the training of the players. Interpersonal communication is considered necessary to be used and controlled by a trainer in communicating to players during training in the field as well as interactions outside the field. UPI Bandung Futsal Club has three training programs, including strategy training, physical training, and agility training. Good communication will facilitate the process of sending the intended message from the coach, so that if what is instructed from the three training programs by the trainer then performed well by the player. The author chooses the effectiveness of Interpersonal communication between the trainer and the UPI Bandung Futsal Club player, because researchers are interested in the background of the different tribes of players and the players who are women. In addition, an increase in achievement adds to the interest of researchers to find out more about interpersonal communication at the UPI Bandung Futsal Club in improving achievementThis study aims to describe and analyze How Interpersonal Communication Strategies for Trainers and Players Improve UPI Bandung Futsal Team Achievement (Qualitative Study of Teams Putri UPI futsal Bandung). "This research uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The focus of the research include: (1) The Role of Interpersonal Communication of Trainers and Players in Improving the Achievement of UPI Bandung Futsal Team (2) Interpersonal Communication Strategy of Trainers and Players in Improving the Achievement of UPI Bandung Futsal Team (3) Results of Interpersonal Communication of Trainers and Players in Improving Team Achievement UPI Bandung Futsal (4) Driving and Inhibiting Factors of Interpersonal Communication Strategy for Trainers and Players in Improving the Achievement of UPI Bandung Futsal Team. The results of this study are the strategies of Interpersonal Communication for Trainers and Players in Improving the Achievement of the UPI Futsal Team in Bandung.

scholarly journals Tolerance and Ways of Addressing the Other in Arab Press: An Analytical Study of Some Arab Daily Newspapers between 2011 - 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Magdy Mohamed Abdel Jawad Al Dagher
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Arab Media ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media

This study aims to identify how Arab press deals with issues of tolerance and ways of addressing the Other. The study traces this theme in some of the major Arab daily newspapers inside and outside the Arab world. These newspapers are: Al-Ahram, Al- Riyadh, Al-Sharq Al-Awsat, and Al-Hayat. The study argues that the media alone do not create the image or even attempt to change it. In fact, there are other institutions that strive to do this. In all societies, there are institutions that actually provide the raw material which is then used to form the desired stereotypical image of individuals, societies, countries, and institutions. The media then seize this material, forge it and integrate it with framed media packages that are then used as ready-made recipes to produce, alter or reinforce these stereotypes in which the Other is always an embedded element. The study recommends that Arab media need to develop awareness among Arab citizens through enhancing positive principles and values that contribute to the social cohesion of the society. They also need to stress the issue of identity and encourage an active role of individuals in issues of common social interest. They need to promote a culture of acceptance of the Other, however different that Other might be. 

scholarly journals Viewer, Co‑creator or Artist? Changes in the Mass Media Audience Behaviour under the Influence of Social Media and Big Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Franek
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
Media Message ◽  
Media Audience

The article deals with the issue of the influence of the evolution of contemporary mass media on the behaviour of their recipients and creators. Former passive viewers – consumers of content now have an opportunity to become much more closely involved in the media message and become its active co‑creators thanks to various forms of interactive interpersonal communication. The aim of the paper is to analyse the opportunities and threats resulting from these processes, with a particular emphasis on the role of humans in creating and filtering the growing collections of content available in digital mass media.

scholarly journals Elite dan Integrasi Sosial dalam Masyarakat Pagersari, Mungkid, Magelang 1967-1988

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Tri Karyanti
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Active Role ◽  
New Order ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
The Media ◽  
Political Differences ◽  
Local Leaders

This study examines the significant role of local elites in the efforts of social integration in Pagersari, Mungkid, Magelang. Social integration is the cooperation of all society members, ranging from individuals, families, and society, so it can generate unity and diversity in the form of shared values. In the realization of social integration, it required leaders who were able to integrate all kind of conflicts in society. After 30 September 1965 event until the reign of the New Order in Pagersari, there were various internal conflicts among people who were motivated by various problems such as political differences, religious and family internal affairs. It is known that the active role of local leaders or elites has especially become an important factor to solve these conflicts. It even able to encourage the realization of social integration in Pagersari. To handle conflicts, it was solved by finding the core problems, then trying to resolve until accepted by the conflict’s parties. Some of the media for integration by a good leadership, religious and cultural approach.

scholarly journals Philosophical Basis of the Compulsory Company Manpower Report toward Pancasila Industrial Relation

Humaniora ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Iron Sarira
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relation ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Philosophical Basis ◽  
The Media ◽  
A Company ◽  
Conditions Of Employment ◽  
Work Opportunity

The research aimed to find out the intrinsic meaning and pragmatic interests of the concept of Compulsory Company Manpower Report (CCMR) and how the principle basis of Law Number 7 Year 1981 affected philosophical validity in realizing industrial relation in accordance with Pancasila. The research applied a qualitative method with textual analysis. The media of research was CCMR, which was one of the minimum macro aspects (work norm) in labor inspection as regulated in Law Number 7 Year 1981 aiming to implement the policy of work opportunity expansion and work protection as mandated by Article 27 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution. The results report the conditions of employment within a company having historical and meaningful substances as the 1945 Constitution states the existence of equality in law and government for every citizen, and each citizen shall uphold the law and government as a manifestation of an active role of citizenship. The applicability of a positive norm cannot be separated from its juridical, sociological, and philosophical requirements. Many opinions reveal that CCMR is only for operational administrative fulfillment. Meanwhile, there is a philosophical basis of CCMR that reaches to the idea about conceptions in work opportunity and labor protection to realize harmonious, dynamic, and fair industrial relations in accordance with Pancasila.

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