scholarly journals METAANALYSIS OF RESEARCH STUDIES RELATED TO EFFECTS OF TELEVISED-VIOLENCE ON SOCIETY

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Erum Hafeez
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Media Violence ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
The Media ◽  
Television Plays ◽  
Research Studies

With the advent and popularity of Television by the end of 1950s and early 1960s, researchers focused the role and effects of this new medium on its growing audience. Himmelweit (1958) and Schramm (1961) are considered the pioneer researchers in the field. The volume of scientific studies regarding televised violence was largely increased following the landmark State Reports in US published between 1972 and 1982. These reports indicated that the proliferation of TV has exposed children to media violence at home. However, violence is rarely caused by a single factor, it rather involves multiple factors. Signorielli (2005) in her book Violence in the Media rightly commented that television plays a unique role of an entertaining storyteller but the increasing commercialization of TV is a serious matter of concern.1 The objective of this literature review is to provide a holistic overview of the landmark studies conducted on televised violence and its contribution to real life crimes and violence in society.

scholarly journals Television and Fertility

2010 ◽  
pp. 67-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Basten
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Media Presentation ◽  
Sliding Scale ◽  
The Media ◽  
Television Plays ◽  
The Impact

Much research has been conducted in the field of utilising the media - television and radio in particular - to promote particular public health messages. However, a burgeoning canon has examined how mass media can play a role in affecting change in fertility preferences and outcomes. In this paper we review these researches which have primarily focussed upon higher fertility settings. The impact of mass media presentation of families and children in low fertility settings has not yet been subject to rigorous sociological investigation so its impact can not be accurately inferred. However, given the pervasive nature of mass media and celebrity culture, we suggest that this is an important avenue for future research. We conclude that television plays a multi-faceted role in shaping individuals decision-making procedures concerning both demographic events and public health interactions. To illustrate this, we present a model which demonstrates a sliding scale of intent - but not impact - of various genres in order to understand the actual role of the media in shaping attitudes towards family size - either explicitly in terms of edutainment or implicitly as a forms of normalization.

Urban violence in Brazil and the role of the media

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Pelosi ◽  
Heloísa Pedroso de Moraes Feltes ◽  
Lynne Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Media Violence ◽  
Urban Violence ◽  
Contagious Disease ◽  
The Media ◽  
Discourse Interactions

This paper reports on analyses of data gathered from discourse interactions of two focus groups of Brazilian university students (n = 11) as they talk about urban violence in Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. The analytical procedure follows Cameron et al.’s (2009) metaphor-led discourse analysis which focuses on the role metaphor vehicles play in the emergence of systematic metaphors in discourse. The findings highlight the trivialization of violence in Brazil by the media/TV, evidenced by the emergence in the talk of three related systematic metaphors: violence is a product manufactured by the media, violence is a spreading contagious disease and fear as a response to violence is a form of imprisonment.

scholarly journals Recruitment of a coral reef fish: roles of settlement, habitat, and postsettlement losses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Shima
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fish ◽  
Larval Settlement ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
Local Patterns ◽  
Thalassoma Hardwicke ◽  
Multifactorial Causation

Multiple processes typically influence patterns of abundance. Despite this widely accepted view, many studies continue to approach ecological questions from a single-factor, or, at most, a two-factor perspective. Here, I evaluate the consequences of considering, separately and jointly, the effects of three factors (larval settlement, reef resources, and postsettlement losses) on spatial patterns of abundance of a marine reef fish, the six bar wrasse (Thalassoma hardwicke). Using correlational methods commonly employed in single-factor studies, I show that local patterns of abundance of juvenile wrasse could be attributed entirely to either (1) patterns of abundance of settlement habitat, or (2) patterns of larval settlement. This result occurred because habitat and presumed larval delivery covaried in space. I manipulated abundance of settlement habitat in a field experiment to uncouple this covariation and found subsequent settlement to be simultaneously influenced by both factors. However, joint effects of habitat and settlement failed to account for patterns of abundance of juvenile wrasse without also considering a third factor - postsettlement losses - which were density-dependent and substantially modified patterns of settlement. These results illustrate (1) how multifactorial explanations may be falsely refuted when incomplete sets of multiple factors are considered, and (2) how single-factor explanations may misrepresent underlying multifactorial causation of ecological patterns. Uncovering the interactive role of multiple factors in determining ecological patterns of interest requires a shift from single-factor approaches to more pluralistic perspectives.

scholarly journals Multiscalar Narratives of a Disaster: From Media Amplification to Western Participation in Asian Tsunamis

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Bonati
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Technological Disaster ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Private Participation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Foreign Governments ◽  
Private Donations ◽  
Tohoku Tsunami

The international recovery system responds differently to disasters with similar characteristics. It answers to specific motivations that are not necessarily connected to the nature of the disaster. The variability of the answers given not only depends on the type of disaster but also, in particular, on the local social structure and on the transcalar narrative of the disaster used to move communities not directly affected to action. This paper therefore analyses the level of Western involvement in two Asian tsunami recovery plans and the role of the media in attracting Western private donations. To this end, Italian involvement in the two cases is discussed. Beginning with a literature review to support the argument that the media are crucial in stimulating private participation through ‘spectacularizing’ the disaster, this paper illustrates that, when spectacularization is insufficient, the media additionally adopts the strategy of ‘transposition’, leading to ‘appropriation’ of the event. In particular, during the Boxing Day tsunami of 2004, the transposition became the ‘Westernization’ of the narrative of the disaster. The process of transposition or Westernization, however, did not happen with the same modalities in the narrative of the Tohoku tsunami of 2011. In this case, the focus was more on the technological disaster that followed the natural disaster. The author concludes that emotional transposition of the disasters by the media played an important role in stimulating private donations and in spurring governmental relief in both the disasters. Foreign governments, however, are mainly moved by other factors such as ‘flag policy’ or what Olsen et al. (2004) identified as the concept of ‘donor interests’.

scholarly journals Translators as Networkers: The Role of Virtual Communities

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (42) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Hanna Risku ◽  
Angela Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Commercial Interest

Recent years have seen a rise in the importance of virtual and real-life knowledge sharing communities and communities of practice across many fi elds of private and commercial interest, including professional translation. This article examines the characteristics of knowledge sharing communities in general, identifies their key elements, looks at the motivation for membership and presents an empirical study of life in a thriving virtual translation community. In doing so, it draws on the results of a literature review combined with a participant observation based study and member survey of a major virtual translation community. The results indicate that virtual translation communities can be lively platforms and offer translators a forum not only for sharing expert knowledge and collaborating, but also for keeping in touch with like-minded individuals.

A STUDY ON THE IMAGE OF CHINA IN THE GERMAN MEDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-86
Author(s):  
YU NIAO
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Review Section ◽  
National Image ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
The Media

In recent years there has been an increasing number of researches in the domestic academic community studying the image of China in the German media. This article is divided into two parts: literature review and theoretical foundation combing. The literature review section compares domestic and foreign studies on China's image in the German media coverage of China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the studies on China-related reports in the German media and in the Western media during the pandemic are based on lexical choices and discourse themes to analyse the negative images of China portrayed by the media and to explore the inuence of ideology and national interests on the construction of the discourse, without exploring the role of the discourse maker's cognition, thinking and knowledge in the production and interpretation of the discourse. In terms of theoretical foundations, this article has identied the theory of stereotypes and national identity in communication studies, thus forming a theoretical system of national image research based on critical discourse analysis

On potential links between inequity aversion and the structure of interactions for the evolution of cooperation

Behaviour ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 153 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 1267-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah F. Brosnan ◽  
Redouan Bshary
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Inequity Aversion ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Biological Markets ◽  
Payoff Structure ◽  
Reputation Games

Despite the fact that most models of cooperation assume equal outcomes between individuals, in real life it is likely rare that this is the case. Does it make a difference for our understanding of the evolution of cooperation? Following a taxonomy of cooperation concepts that focuses on costs and benefits, we explore this question by considering the degree to which inequity aversion may provide one mechanism to stabilize cooperation. We suggest a key role for inequity aversion in some contexts in both biological markets and direct reciprocity, and highlight the potentially unique role of positive inequity aversion for human reputation games. Nevertheless, a key challenge is to determine how different animal species perceive the payoff structure of their interactions, how they see their interaction with their partners, and the degree to which simpler mechanisms, like contrast effects or the associative learning seen in optimal foraging, may produce similar outcomes.

scholarly journals Estonianness (lith. ‘estiškumas’) in Lithuanian from the perspective of economic linguistics

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-375
Author(s):  
Jolanta Zabarskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Real Life ◽  
National Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sociocultural Consciousness ◽  
The Impact

Processes are taking place in the 21st century that are altering the role of language and society’s attitude towards language. The virtualisation of the world, the influence of the media, and the processes of globalisation are all driving a shift in the role of language. This has made linguistics, as well as other humanities and social sciences, turn back to neuroscience and a focus on cognitive processes.The interaction between linguistic processes and real-life evolution has two axes, with semantic structure analysis playing an important part on the linguistic plane, and analysis of the impact of language on real-life processes. The economic linguistics approach makes it possible to tie the predominant sense elements of any concept to the linguistic worldview of the national language and the sociocultural consciousness of the actual language community.The objective of this article is to introduce several linguistic ideas by revealing: 1) the method of reconstruction of deep semantic structures – the ‘semantic dowry’ analysis; 2) the method of identifying the predominant sense elements of a concept in the sociocultural consciousness of an actual language community based on the approach of economic linguistics. In order to demonstrate how this method works, the article identifies the predominant sense elements of the concept estiškumas (‘Estonianness’) denominated by the lexemes estas/estė/estai (‘Estonian’, N, SG-M/SG-F/PL) and estiškas/estiška (‘Estonian’, ADJ, M/S).Kokkuvõte. Jolanta Zabarskaitė: Eestist leedu keeles. Lekseemist estiškumas (‘eestilik’) leedu keeles majanduslingvistika vaatepunktist. 21. sajandil käimasolevad protsessid muudavad nii keelte rolle kui ka ühiskonna suhtumist neisse. Maailma virtualiseerumine, meedia mõju ja globaliseerumisprotsessid põhjustavad keele rollide muutumise. See on sundinud keeleteadust nagu ka teisi humanitaar- ja sotsiaalteadusi pöörduma neuroteaduste juurde ja keskenduma kognitiivsetele protsessidele. Keeleliste protsesside ja reaalse maailma evolutsiooni vahelisel vastastikmõjul on kaks telge: tähendusstruktuuri analüüs, mis mängib olulist osa keelelisel tasandil, ning keele mõju analüüs reaalse maailma protsessidele. Majanduslingvistiline lähenemine võimaldab siduda ükskõik millise mõiste peamised tähenduselemendid riigikeele keelelise maailmapildi ja tegeliku keelekogukonna sotsiokultuurilise teadvusega. Käesolevas artiklis tutvustatakse 1) semantiliste süvastruktuuride rekonstrueerimise meetodit ning 2) majanduslingvistilisel lähenemisel põhinevat meetodit, mis võimaldab tuvastada mõiste peamisi tähenduselemente tegeliku keelekogukonna sotsiokultuurilises teadvuses. Kirjeldamaks valitud meetodi rakendumist, selgitatakse lekseemide estas/estė/estai (‘eesti’, N) ning estiškas/estiška (‘eesti’, ADJ) näitel mõiste estiškumas (‘eestilikkus’) peamisi tähenduselemente.Märksõnad: eestilikkus; majanduslingvistika; semantika; tähendus; alltähendus; diskursus

scholarly journals A Collaboration Between Music Therapy and Speech Pathology in a Paediatric Rehabilitation Setting

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Leung
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Speech Pathology ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Speech Pathologist ◽  
Paediatric Rehabilitation

This article describes the importance of flexible music therapy practice when focusing on communication skills with a speech pathologist within a paediatric rehabilitation setting. A brief literature review on the combined use of music therapy and speech pathology in rehabilitation is provided. A case vignette is then used to illustrate the unique role of music therapy and the importance of changing the goals of music therapy in order to meet the patient’s needs.

Symbolic-discursive violence and new media: An epistemological perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-61
Author(s):  
Sabina Civila ◽  
Luis M. Romero-Rodríguez ◽  
Ignacio Aguaded
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
New Media ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Epistemological Perspective ◽  
The Media ◽  
Research Studies

The following research studies, from a theoretical perspective, the different forms of symbolic and discursive violence and the transmission of hate speech through new media. The main objective is to understand the consequences of symbolic violence through language and how this affects freedom of expression. Reflective and critical argumentation is highlighted through an exploratory analysis carried out by a literature review, where it is determined that the confrontational narrative used by the media contributes to the dehumanization, demonization and polarization of specific collectives.

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