scholarly journals New morphological risk factors for metastasis to regional lymph nodes in rectal cancer with invasion into the submucosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
O. A. Maynovskaya ◽  
E. G. Rybakov ◽  
S. V. Chernyshov ◽  
Yu. A. Shelygin ◽  
S. I. Achkasov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymph Node Metastases ◽  
Lymphovascular Invasion ◽  
Tumor Budding ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Poorly Differentiated Clusters ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Node Metastases

AIM to assess prognostic significance of pathologic features of T1 rectal carcinoma in relation to regional lymph nodes involvement (N+).MATERIAL AND METHODS: surgical specimens (n = 66) from rectal resection for carcinoma pT1 were investigated. Following prognosticators were evaluated: depth of submucosal invasion, grade of differentiation, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), tumor budding (Bd), poorly differentiated clusters (PDC) of tumor and rupture of cancer glands (CGR).RESULTS: lymph nodes metastases were found in 13 (19.7%) specimens. LVI was associated lymphatic spread in great possibility OR 38.0 95% CI 2.1-670 (p < 0.0001). Tumor budding of high grade (Bd3) OR 6.2 95% CI 1.2-31 (p < 0.0001) and poorly differentiated clusters (p = 0,03) also increased risk of lymph node metastases. Depth of submucosal invasion, grade of differentiation, and rupture of cancer glands failed to demonstrate significant association with N+. Logistic regression analysis allowed to determine LVI as independent prognostic factor of lymph node tumor involvement.CONCLUSION: lymphovascular invasion, tumor budding and poorly differentiated clusters of tumor are risk factors of T1 rectal carcinoma lymph node metastases.

Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva

1970 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natale Cascinelli ◽  
Francesco Di Re ◽  
Giovanni Lupi ◽  
Gian Paolo Balzarini
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymph Node Metastases ◽  
Primary Melanoma ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Regional Metastases ◽  
Anatomical Extent ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
Labium Majus

Many aspects of malignant melanoma of the vulva are still open questions and only appropriate clinical trials can supply the answers. However, we believe that the reporting of case-material can be of some use. Our series consists of 14 cases, that is 2% of all the melanomas observed. Most of the patients were past middle age, the average age being 59.7 years. The most frequent sites were the labium majus and the clitoris (5 cases per site); in 2 cases the urethral meatus was affected and in 2 cases the labium minus. There are virtually no subjective symptoms except for occasional reports of a burning sensation or pruritus. Terminal stranguria may be present in cases in which the urethral papilla is affected. The clinical diagnosis does not usually present serious difficulties. Cytomorphologic examination of the cells exfoliated by the tumor is highly reliable, sure in ulcerated cases. The histology of malignant melanoma of the vulva does not differ from that of other sites. Metastatisation to the regional lymph nodes is frequent; 8 of our cases already had lymph node metastases when first seen. Treatment depends on the anatomical extent of the disease. In cases without lymph node metastases the data of our series seem to indicate that radiotherapy can be at least a valid alternative to surgical removal. With regard to the treatment of clinically intact regional lymph nodes, a regional approach is ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy in the event of surgical attack on the primary melanoma, whereas if the primary melanoma is to be treated by radiotherapy lymphadenectomy should be performed only if lymph node metastases appear. As to whether lymphadenectomy should be uni- or bilateral, our data indicate that the cases in which the melanoma lies on the midline (urethral meatus and clitoris) have a high incidence of bilateral metastases and so in these cases lymphadenectomy should be bilateral. On the other hand, when the labium majus is affected, unilateral lymph node dissection is sufficient. In cases with clinically detectable regional metastases enlarged vulvectomy is always indicated. Cases with distant metastases should receive chemotherapy. The drug that has so far yielded the greatest number of regressions is 5-imidazolcarboxamide. The prognosis depends on the anatomical extent of the disease. In this series 2 of the 4 cases without metastases to the regional lymph nodes are living 5 years after surgery whereas none of the 7 patients with regional metastases is alive after 5 years.

scholarly journals Galectin 3 expression in regional lymph nodes and lymph node metastases of oral squamous cell carcinomas

BMC Cancer ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Falk Wehrhan ◽  
Maike Büttner-Herold ◽  
Luitpold Distel ◽  
Jutta Ries ◽  
Patrick Moebius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Lymph Node Metastases ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Node Metastases

scholarly journals Regional lymph nodes and hematogenous metastasis of cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-764
Author(s):  
D E Tsyplakov
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Lymph Node Metastases ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Hematogenous Metastasis ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphogenous Metastasis ◽  
Node Metastases

Aim. Morphological study of the microvasculature of regional lymph nodes in relation to the cancer of the lymph nodes as possible additional or alternative metastasis pathways. Methods. The lymph nodes of 150 cancer patients (1263 nodes in total), regional to cancer of various localization, were studied. Histological sections staining with hematoxylin and eosin by Van-Giesons method, pyronine by Brachets method, toluidine blue and picro-Mallory were prepared. An immunohistochemical study was performed using monoclonal antibodies to pan-cytokeratins, CD31, type IV collagen, CD3, CD20, and CD68. The area of metastases to the lymph nodes was determined by using a morphometric grid and used to identify the four study groups. In addition, the immunomorphological reactions of the lymph nodes were taken into account in each group. Results. It was identified that the microvasculature of the lymph nodes can be involved in the metastatic process along with the lymphatic pathways. At the same time, there is a decrease in vascular wall function and violation of the rheological properties of blood, accompanied by the deposition of intra- and extravascular fibrin. Hematogenous metastasis is largely influenced by the state of lymph node sinuses, in which blood is found, and in some observations by the expression of CD31 (a marker of blood endothelium). Hematogenous dissemination of cancer often begins after the appearance of lymph node metastases. The greater the anatomical extent of lymph node metastases, the more often tumor cells are present in the blood vessels. In addition, an isolated lesion of the microvasculature with the presence of tumor cells in the extranodal vessels without metastases in the lymph node itself was revealed. It was observed that the invasion of tumor cells into the microvasculature depended on the immunomorphological reactions of the lymph nodes. Conclusion. The microvasculature of regional lymph nodes can be both an additional and an alternative lymphogenous metastasis pathway of cancer; at the same time, vascular invasion is accompanied by microcirculation disorders and depends on the volume of metastases and the immunomorphological reactions of the lymph nodes.

Assessment of cervical lymph node metastases using indirect computed tomography lymphography with iopamidol in a tongue VX2 carcinoma model

2011 ◽  
Vol 125 (8) ◽  
pp. 820-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Shu ◽  
X Xu ◽  
Z Wang ◽  
W Dai ◽  
Y Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymph Node Metastases ◽  
Cervical Lymph Node ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cervical Lymph Node Metastases ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Vx2 Carcinoma ◽  
Node Metastases

AbstractObjective:To investigate the performance of indirect computed tomography lymphography with iopamidol for detecting cervical lymph node metastases in a tongue VX2 carcinoma model.Materials and methods:A metastatic cervical lymph node model was created by implanting VX2 carcinoma suspension into the tongue submucosa of 21 rabbits. Computed tomography images were obtained 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after iopamidol injection, on days 11, 14, 21 (six rabbits each) and 28 (three rabbits) after carcinoma transplantation. Computed tomography lymphography was performed, and lymph node filling defects and enhancement characteristics evaluated.Results:Indirect computed tomography lymphography revealed bilateral enhancement of cervical lymph nodes in all animals, except for one animal imaged on day 28. There was significantly slower evacuation of contrast in metastatic than non-metastatic nodes. A total of 41 enhanced lymph nodes displayed an oval or round shape, or local filling defects. One lymph node with an oval shape was metastatic (one of 11, 9.1 per cent), while 21 nodes with filling defects were metastatic (21/30, 70 per cent). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values when using a filling defect diameter of 1.5 mm as a diagnostic criterion were 86.4, 78.9, 82.9, 82.6 and 83.3 per cent, respectively.Conclusion:When using indirect computed tomography lymphography to detect metastatic lymph nodes, filling defects and slow evacuation of contrast agent are important diagnostic features.

Multifocal Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma，Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Lymph Node Metastasis：A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denghui Wang ◽  
Jiang Zhu ◽  
Chang Deng ◽  
Zhixin Yang ◽  
Daixing Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Metastases ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Lateral Lymph Node ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Central Lymph

Abstract Objective: Few studies have evaluated the influence of HT and Multifocality on central lymph node metastases(CLNM) and lateral lymph node metastases(LLNM) of PTC. The present study focused on risk factors for lymph node metastasis in PTC according to the presence of HT or multifocality. Materials and methods:1413 patients were identified.The relationship between HT or multifocality and lymph nodemetastasis was analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, ROC curves were constructed to show the predictive effect of each variable on the target outcome.Results: The PTCs with HT were more likely to be multifocal.(40.0% versus 17.5%,P ＜0.001). Compared to MPTC without HT, MPTC with HT showed a lower number of metastatic CLNs and LLNs (P < 0.05). HT was identifified as an independent protective factor for CLNM in all PTC patients (OR, 0.480; 95% CI, 0.359-0.643; P< .001) and in MPTC patients (OR, 0.094; 95% CI, 0.044-0.204; P < 0.001), the multicocality was independent risk factors for CLNM(OR, 2.316; 95% CI, 1.667-3.217; P< 0.001) and LLNM(OR, 2.004; 95% CI, 1.469-2.733; P< 0.001).The variables concluded HT or MPTC were screened to predict CLNM in all patients, CLNM in patients with MPTC and LLNM in all patients (AUCs: 0.731, 0.843 and 0.696, respectively, P < 0.0001). The two type of diseases existed concurrently may result in the decrease of CLNM and LLNM, AUCs of ROC to predict CLNM and LLNM are 0.696 and 0.63(P<0.0001). Conclusions: Our study identified multifocality as an independent risk factor predicting CLNM and LLNM in PTC patients. HT was proven to be a protective factor that reduced the CLNM risk in all patients and in patients with MPTC. The existence of both type of diseases can result in the reduction of CLNM and LLNM.

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