Membrane-Based Processes to Obtain High-Quality Water From Brewery Wastewater

Water reuse is a safe and often the least energy-intensive method of providing water from non-conventional sources in water stressed regions. Although public perception can be a challenge, water reuse is gaining acceptance. Recent advances in membrane technology allow for reclamation of wastewater through the production of high-quality treated water, including potable reuse. This study takes an in-depth evaluation of a combination of membrane-based tertiary processes for its application in reuse of brewery wastewater, and is one of the few studies that evaluates long-term membrane performance at the pilot-scale. Two different advanced tertiary treatment trains were tested with secondary wastewater from a brewery wastewater treatment plant (A) ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO), and (B) ozonation, coagulation, microfiltration with ceramic membranes (MF) and RO. Three specific criteria were used for membrane comparison: 1) pilot plant optimisation to identify ideal operating conditions, 2) Clean-In-Place (CIP) procedures to restore permeability, and 3) final water quality obtained. Both UF and Micro-Filtration membranes were operated at increasing fluxes, filtration intervals and alternating phases of backwash (BW) and chemically enhanced backwash (CEB) to control fouling. Operation of polymeric UF membranes was optimized at a flux of 25–30 LMH with 15–20 min of filtration time to obtain longer production periods and avoid frequent CIP membrane cleaning procedures. Combination of ozone and coagulation with ceramic MF membranes resulted in high flux values up to 120 LMH with CEB:BW ratios of 1:4 to 1:10. Coagulation doses of 3–6 ppm were required to deal with the high concentrations of polyphenols (coagulation inhibitors) in the feed, but higher concentrations led to increasing fouling resistance of the MF membrane. Varying the ozone concentration stepwise from 0 to 25 mg/L had no noticeable effect on coagulation. The most effective cleaning strategy was found to be a combination of 2000 mg/L NaOCl followed by 5% HCl which enabled to recover permeability up to 400 LMH·bar−1. Both polymeric UF and ceramic MF membranes produced effluents that fulfil the limits of the national regulatory framework for reuse in industrial services (RD 1620/2007). Coupling to the RO units in both tertiary trains led to further water polishing and an improved treated water quality.

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The Effect of Mixing Ratios on the Performance of an Integrated Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment Plant for a Recyclable High-Quality Effluent

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12156097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (15) ◽

pp. 6097 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kulyash Meiramkulova ◽

Duman Orynbekov ◽

Gulnur Saspugayeva ◽

Karlygash Aubakirova ◽

Sholpan Arystanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Membrane Filtration ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

World Health ◽

Poultry Farm ◽

Mixing Ratio ◽

High Quality ◽

Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽

Mixing Ratios

Poultry slaughterhouse wastewater is characterized by high pollution strength, making its treatment before discharge or recycling of great importance. This study investigated the potential influence of mixing ratios on the treatability of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater under three different mixing ratios; 20:80, 50:50, and 80:20 of defeathering and cooling sources, respectively. Wastewater samples were collected from the Izhevski production corporate (PC) poultry farm located in the Akmola region, Kazakhstan. The lab-scale treatment plant, designed to simulate the industrial-scale treatment plant of the poultry farm, consists of electrolysis, membrane filtration, and ultraviolet disinfection as the main units. The general design purpose of the Izhevski PC treatment plant is to treat about 1.25 m3/h (51.72%) of the total wastewater generated from the defeathering and cooling sections of the slaughterhouse to a recyclable degree. Water quality indices (WQIs) were developed for each of the studied mixing ratios. A comparative analysis was also done with drinking water quality standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as the government of Kazakhstan. From the analysis results, the defeathering raw wastewater was generally higher in pollution strength than the cooling wastewater. It was also observed that the increase in the ratio of defeathering wastewater reduced treatment efficiency for some physicochemical parameters such as turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), color, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), as well as chemical oxygen demand (COD). However, 100% removal efficiency was achieved for the microbial parameters for all the three studied ratios. Based on the computed WQIs, the highest-quality effluent was achieved from the 20:80 (defeathering:cooling) mixing ratio. However, with the fact that all the three mixing ratios produced “excellent” status, the 80:20 (defeathering:cooling) mixing ratio stands to be an ideal option. The selection of 80:20 mixing ratio has the potential to reduce the pollution load in the wastewater discharged to the sewerage system, while achieving high-quality effluent for recycling in the cooling processes of the slaughterhouse.

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Factors influencing public perception of drinking water quality

Water Policy ◽

10.2166/wp.2009.051 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 158

Author(s):

Miguel de França Doria

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Public Perception ◽

Supply System ◽

Complex Interaction ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

Contextual Cues ◽

Organoleptic Properties ◽

Consumer Services

A better understanding of the processes that influence public perception can contribute to improvements in water management, consumer services, acceptability of water reuse and risk communication, among other areas. This paper discusses some of the main variables involved in public perception of drinking water quality. Research on this topic suggests that perceptions of water quality result from a complex interaction of diverse factors. In many circumstances, the estimation of water quality is mostly influenced by organoleptic properties, in particular flavour. In addition, a variety of other factors also have an influence on perceptions of quality. These include risk perception, attitudes towards water chemicals, contextual cues provided by the supply system, familiarity with specific water properties, trust in suppliers, past problems attributed to water quality and information provided by the mass media and interpersonal sources. The role and relevance of these factors are discussed in detail.

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Robustness analysis of technological units for drinking water clarification: Normal and emergency operating conditions

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind190909009z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 91-102

Author(s):

Slobodanka Zoric ◽

Milena Becelic-Tomin ◽

Bozo Dalmacija

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Robustness Analysis ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Water Turbidity ◽

Target Value ◽

Robustness Index ◽

Emergency Operating Conditions ◽

Emergency Operating

The primary goal of a water supply system is the protection of human health by providing microbiologically and chemically safe drinking water. Significant changes in water quality require sufficiently robust systems for water preparation, performances of which are unaffected by present variations and changing operational conditions. Water turbidity is an important parameter for the water filtration control and efficiency of disinfection. The efficiency of turbidity removal in the drinking water treatment plant ?Vodovod? in Banjaluka under normal and emergency operating conditions was examined in this paper. At normal conditions the maximal detected value was 25 NTU while at emergency operating conditions it was above 240 NTU. Robustness evaluation of the water clarification system was performed separately for periods of normal and emergency operating conditions (during and after emptying the accumulation). The robustness index was calculated based on a more stringent target turbidity value (0.5 NTU) than that specified by the current legislation, which represents a new criterion in the risk analysis in the existing practice. Data processing results indicate high operational stability of technological units under normal conditions. The filtered water quality was below the target value during most of the time of filter operation in all cycles. The recorded turbidity value was ? 0.3 NTU for 92.9 % of filtered water samples. Analysis of the water turbidity data has shown that 17% of all taken measurements under emergency operating conditions (336 samples) had higher turbidity than the target value (0.5 NTU). Large variations in raw water turbidity over short periods of times during the emergency operating conditions, present a problem for prompt response in the drinking water plant. Calculated robustness index values point to inadequate efficiency of the water clarification process in a certain number of filter operating cycles. We have found a significant impact of the plant operating conditions on the filtered water turbidity under emergency conditions, such as suboptimal coagulation and flocculation conditions as well as the nature of suspended and colloid particles inducing turbidity and insufficient particle interactions with the coagulant. Along with the negative influence on water turbidity, excessive coagulant dosage leads to increased concentrations of residual aluminum in filtered water. Optimization of emergency working conditions could be performed based on adequate monitoring of water sources, which would further decrease potential risks of pathogen appearance in drinking water.

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Water reuse in Israel - the Dan Region Project: evaluation of water quality and reliability of plant's operation

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2003.0067 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 231-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

N. Icekson-Tal ◽

O. Avraham ◽

J. Sack ◽

H. Cikurel

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Wastewater Reuse ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽

Biofilm Growth ◽

Reclamation Project

Israel is a semi-arid country with insufficient natural water resources. Wastewater effluent reuse and desalination have become the main source of water to compensate for the future water shortage. Today, between 65 and 70% of wastewater of urban and industrial origin is reused in agriculture after treatment in biological treatment plants around the country. The Dan Region Reclamation Project (Shafdan) is the largest wastewater treatment and reclamation project in Israel. 130 Mm3/yr of reclaimed water is used for unrestricted irrigation after soil aquifer treatment (SAT). Extensive water quality monitoring is performed to keep an efficient and safe wastewater reuse system. After 25 years of operation, the Shafdan deals with the following operational issues on an ongoing basis: Biofouling of the effluent pipelines from the wastewater treatment plant to the SAT, and a lack of capacity in the SAT system. Biofilm growth in the pipelines is controlled by intermittently applying chlorine based compounds at a 10 mg/L dosage for a few hours.

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Assessing the potential of digitalization by real-time monitoring of bacterial concentration in urban water systems

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19909 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nicolas Caradot ◽

Wolfgang Seis ◽

Dan Angelescu ◽

Vaizanne Huynh ◽

Andreas Hausot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Water Quality ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽

Temporal Variability ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Alert System ◽

Bathing Water ◽

Bathing Water Quality

<div> Digital solutions open up a variety of opportunities for the water sector. Digital water is now seen not as an &#8216;option&#8217; but as an &#8216;imperative&#8217; (Sarni et al., 2019) for a more sustainable and secure water management. Many solutions leverage the latest innovations developed across industries and business activities including advanced sensors, data analytics and artificial intelligence. The potential of digitalization might outweigh its associated risk if digital solutions are successfully implemented addressing a series of gaps and barriers such as ICT governance, cybersecurity, data protection, interoperability and capacity building. Within this context, the H2020 innovation project digital-water.city (DWC) aims at boosting the integrated management of waters systems in five major European cities &#8211;&#160;Berlin, Copenhagen, Milan, Paris and Sofia&#160;&#8211; by leveraging the potential of data and digital technologies. Goal is to quantify the benefits of a panel of 15 innovative digital solutions and achieve their long-term uptake and successful integration in the existing digital systems and governance processes. One of these promising technology is a new sensor for real-time bacterial measurements, manufactured by the company Fluidion (ALERT System; Angelescu et al., 2019). The device is fully autonomous, remotely controllable, installed in-situ and allows rapid quantification of E.coli and enterococci&#160;concentrations. Ensuring microbial safety is one of the key objectives of bathing water management, and it is also a critical aspect for water reuse. The European Bathing Water Directive (BWD) (76/160/EEC, 2006) uses fecal indicator bacteria for quality assessment of marine and inland waters. A major challenge regarding bathing water management is that concentrations of fecal bacteria may show spatial and temporal variability. In urban rivers, discharges from CSO and stormwater may contain high amounts of fecal bacteria and contaminate bathing water quality. Bathing water surveillance in Europe is only based on monthly grab samples and event-scale variability is detected only by chance as pollution events may occur between sampling intervals. The ALERT System is currently tested in Berlin and Paris using side by side laboratory comparison to understand temporal variability and spatial bacterial distribution in the local rivers (Seine, Marne and Spree). In Milan, the system is being deployed to provide early warning of bacterial and toxic contamination linked to water reuse at a major wastewater treatment plant. Preliminary analysis have shown that the device shows metrological capabilities comparable to those of an approved laboratory using MPN microplate techniques and is suitable for bacterial pollutant concentration ranges such as urban streams and wastewater treatment plant. The technology opens up new opportunities for the water sector for a range of applications such as the planning of pollution reduction measures, the continuous monitoring of bathing water quality and the assessment of contamination risk by the reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation. In particular, it is a key innovation to contribute to the objective of Paris city and other local municipalities to provide permanent and safe opportunities for bathing in the Seine river for the 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games, and beyond. </div>

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Proposal for water reuse in the Kraft pulp and paper industry

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2013.036 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (3-4) ◽

pp. 359-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. J. Kossar ◽

K. J. Amaral ◽

S. S. Martinelli ◽

M. C. L. Erbe

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Kraft Pulp ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Water Treatment Plant ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Paper Machines

The reuse of wastewater by the pulp and paper industry reduces environmental impacts by contributing to raw water conservation, thereby making a greater volume of fresh water available for nobler purposes, and reducing wastewater treatment. This study evaluated a proposed system of water reuse at a Kraft pulp and paper plant in Brazil, based on a survey of water quality required by its consumption points, supplied by its water treatment plant. Results after ultrafiltration included: turbidity of 0,3 NTU and pH 7,5, average values of BOD 66,4 mg/L, COD 9,6 mg/L and the colour of 280,5 ppm Pt were measured after ultrafiltration. The ultrafiltered wastewater was considered available for reuse, and its quality was compared with that of the water supplied by the water treatment plant, which provided for the classification of potential reuse points. Water colour was identified as the limiting factor for reuse; thus the reuse points were two Kraft paper machines, and the water flow to the liquid ring formations that generate the vacuums inside nineteen pumps for these two machines. The advantages of this proposal for water reuse include: ultrafiltered water quality sufficient for the vacuum pumps, the small distance between the point of reused water generation and the paper machines section, and the reused water has no contact with the final product. The calculated cost and return time for the water reuse system was US$ 607.020,00 in 15 years.

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Capillary nanofiltration coupled with powdered activated carbon adsorption for high quality water reuse

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2009.350 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 251-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Kazner ◽

J. Meier ◽

T. Wintgens ◽

T. Melin

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Membrane Filtration ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Powdered Activated Carbon ◽

Transmembrane Pressure ◽

Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽

High Quality ◽

Quality Water

Direct capillary nanofiltration was tested for reclamation of tertiary effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. This process can be regarded as a promising treatment alternative for high quality water reuse applications when combined with powdered activated carbon for enhanced removal of organic compounds. The nanofiltration was operated at flux levels between 20 and 25 L/(m2 h) at a transmembrane pressure difference of 2–3 bar for approximately 4,000 operating hours. The study was conducted with PAC doses in the range from 0 to 50 mg/L. The plant removal for DOC ranged from 88–98%. The sulfate retention of the membrane filtration process was between 87 and 96%. The process provided a consistently high permeate quality with respect to organic and inorganic key parameters.

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Design of the Reclaimed Water Reuse Project for Recirculating Cooling Water in a Thermal Power Plant

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.507.688 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 507 ◽

pp. 688-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hui Cong Pang ◽

Can Can Zhang ◽

Tai Zhong Gao

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Thermal Power Plant ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Reclaimed Water ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Cooling Water ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Treated Water

The paper introduced the design parameters of a reclaimed water island engineering in a power plant. The total processing scale was 3.84×104m3/d. The raw water source of this project was the further treated wastewater from municipal treatment plant. The combination of BAF-Lime Conglomeration and Clarification-Filtration was employed in the design for advanced treatment. The operation results showed that the quality of treated water with this process in the reclaimed water island could satisfy the design requirement and the treated water was reused as recirculating cooling water in a thermal power plant.

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Evaluation of Water Quality and the Efficiency of Ifraz-2 Water treatment plant-Units

Journal of Raparin University ◽

10.26750/vol(6).no(2).paper9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 121-138

Author(s):

Imad Ali Omar

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Water Treatment Plant ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Raw Water ◽

Treated Water ◽

Removal Efficiencies ◽

Filtration Unit

Abstract: Water treatment plant (WTP) is essential for providing clean and safe water to the habitants. There is a necessity to evaluate the performance of (WTP) for proper treatment of raw water. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the quality of treated water by investigating the performance of Ifraz-2 (WTP) units located in Erbil City, Iraq. For assessment of the (WTP) units, samples were taken for a duration of five months from different locations: raw water (the source), post-clarification processes, post-filtration processes, and from the storage tank. Removal efficiencies for the units, and for the whole (WTP) were calculated and presented. Obtained removal efficiencies for the sedimentation unit; filtration unit; and the entire Ifraz-2 (WTP) were 91.51 %, 64.71 %, and 97.29 %, respectively. After the process of disinfection and storage, the valued of the turbidity of the treated water were ranged from 1.2 to 9.7 (Nephelometric Turbidity Units) NTU. Besides, water quality index (WQI) for the (WTP) was studied and calculated for 14 physicochemical water quality parameters. WQI for Ifraz-2 (WTP) was 51.87 and it is regarded as a good level. Also, operational problems have been detected and reported during the research period, especially during sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. Suitable solutions have been reported to the operational team.

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Modelo de predição de desempenho de estações de tratamento de água de pequeno porte usando redes neurais artificiais

Revista DAE ◽

10.36659/dae.2020.008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 221 (68) ◽

pp. 87-100

Author(s):

Juscelino Alves Henriques ◽

Marcelo Libânio ◽

Veber Afonso Figueiredo Costa ◽

Mariângela Dutra de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Water Quality ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Performance Optimization ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Water Quality Control ◽

Treated Water ◽

Water Treatment Plants ◽

Apparent Color

As estações de tratamento de água (ETAs) têm um papel fundamental e estratégico no controle de doenças transmitidas pela água por meio da potabilização da água, para atender às necessidades da população que é abastecida por ela. Nesse contexto, a avaliação do desempenho dessas estações é primordial, particularmente para as entidades responsáveis pelo estágio de controle da qualidade da água, uma vez que a ETA deve apre- sentar e operar com condições mínimas necessárias para alcançar seu objetivo. Para o desenvolvimento dos modelos (Modelo 1 - com base na turbidez da água tratada e Modelo 2 - com base na cor aparente da água tratada) foram utilizados dados referentes à qualidade da água bruta e tratada, fatores operacionais e parâme- tros hidráulicos de 3 ETAs, com taxas de fluxo de 50 L.s-1 ou menos. Os modelos foram desenvolvidos usando a caixa de ferramentas do Matlab®, a partir da rede neural do tipo de camadas recorrentes, com função de ativação tansig e purelin. Como resultados, os modelos apresentaram coeficientes de determinação de 0,928 e 0,823 para turbidez e cor aparente da água tratada, respectivamente. Os resultados corroboram a aplicação da Inteligência Artificial em estações de tratamento de água, com o objetivo de otimizar processos e garantir uma maior operabilidade da ETAs, gerando um produto cada vez mais confiável. Palavras-chave: Desempenho da planta de tratamento de água. Processos de otimização. Rede neural artificial. Abstract The water treatment plants (WTP) have a fundamental and strategic role in the control of waterborne diseases through the potabilization of water, to meet the needs of the population that is supplied by it. In this context, evaluating the performance of these stations is paramount, particularly for the entities responsible for the water quality control stage, since WTP must present and operate with minimum conditions necessary to achieve its ob- jective. For the development of the models (Model 1 - based on turbidity of treated water and Model 2 - based on the apparent color of the treated water) data were used referring to raw and treated water quality, operational factors and hydraulic parameters of 3 WTPs, with flow rates of 50 L.s-1 or less. The models were developed usingthe Matlab® toolbox, from the neural network of the recurrent layers type, with activation function tansig and purelin. As results, the models presented regression coefficients of 0.928 and 0.823 for turbidity and apparent color of treated water, respectively. The results corroborate for the application of Artificial Intelligence in water treatment plants, with a view to optimizing processes and guaranteeing greater WTPs operability, generating an increasingly reliable product. Keywords: Water treatment plant performance. Optimization processes. Artificial Neural Network.

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