Design and test of hydro-pneumatic ISD suspension in heavy multi-axle vehicles

Aiming to improve the road friendliness so as to reduce the road damage caused by heavy multi-axle vehicles, and to enhance the ride comfort, we propose a kind of hydro-pneumatic ISD suspension structure, which is equivalent to a two-stage ISD structure integrating a traditional hydro-pneumatic suspension and a fluid inerter. Firstly, based on the 1/4 model, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the key structural parameters of hydro-pneumatic ISD suspension. Secondly, the AMESim dynamic model of heavy multi-axle vehicles is built for the performance comparison between the traditional hydraulic and hydro-pneumatic ISD suspensions. Finally, this paper machines a hydro-pneumatic ISD suspension to replace the traditional hydraulic one in a heavy multi-axle vehicle to carry out a road test. Test results indicate that the proposed suspension can effectively restrain the vibrations of sprung and unsprung mass and improve ride comfort as well as road friendliness. The hydro-pneumatic ISD suspension can be applied to engineering.

29. Forgery (additional chapter)

Forgery and counterfeiting are regulated by the Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981. Forgery overlaps with many other offences and tends to be committed in preparation for some other crime, usually one involving fraud. Although there are many available dishonesty offences, forgery is considered a separate offence because of its serious nature and because it warrants a particular label within the criminal code. It involves making, copying or using a false instrument as well as using a copy of a false instrument, having custody or control of specified kinds of false instrument and making or having custody or control of any means (eg paper, machines) for making false instruments.

A guide to eliminating baggy webs

Slack or baggy webs can cause misregistration, wrinkles, and breaks in printing and converting operations. Bagginess appears as non-uniform tautness in the cross direction (CD) of a paper web. The underlying cause is uneven CD tension profiles, for which there are few remedies once the paper is made. Precision measurements of CD tension profiles combined with trials on commercial paper machines have shown that uniform CD distribution of moisture, basis weight, and caliper profiles at the reel are key to avoiding bagginess. However, the most important but infrequently measured factor is the CD moisture profile entering the dryer section. Wetter areas entering the dryers are permanently elongated more than dry areas, leading to greater slackness in the finished paper. In storage, wound-in tension can amplify baggy streaks in paper near the surface of a roll and adjacent to the core. Unwrapped or poorly wrapped rolls exposed to low humidity environments may have baggy centers caused by moisture loss from the roll edges. All of the factors that impact bagginess have been incorporated in a mathematical model that was used to interpret the observations from commercial trials and can be used as a guide to solve future problems.

Peracetate/singlet oxygen chemistry used in post-bleaching of kraft pulp as a practical oxidant for paper machines

The use of a novel sodium peracetate/singlet oxygen chemistry for brightening bleached kraft pulp shows exciting potential for technical performance, supply logistics, safety, and cost reduction. Potential chemical carryover to the paper machine raises questions about whether peracetate will impact paper machine performance, such as metal corrosion, useful press felt life, and interference with existing biocide programs or paper machine chemistry. Sodium peracetate/singlet oxygen chemistry can be used in high-density storage chests for brightening/whitening and to increase color stability. Any oxidant used directly before the paper machine has the possibility of impacting paper machine operations. Traditional oxidants used in bleaching, such as chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide, are known to cause corrosion on machinery metals and press felts. Hydrogen peroxide residuals can interfere with common biocide programs. Traditional oxidants used in biocide treatments themselves significantly degrade press felt life when the rule-of-thumb concentration thresholds are exceeded. Sodium peracetate is evaluated in this paper for its impact on nylon press felt fiber degradation, metal corrosion, and interference with typical biocide programs. Laboratory results indicate that sodium peracetate/singlet oxygen chemistry is less corrosive than chlorine, bro-mine, and hydrogen peroxide on press felt nylon fiber and can therefore be used at higher levels than those chemistries to increase brightness without increasing negative downstream impact. Sodium peracetate can also be used with current biocide programs without negative impacts such as consumptive degradation. Higher residuals of per-acetate going to the paper machine may be useful as a biocide itself and can complement existing programs, allowing those programs to stay within their safe operating levels and thereby extend press felt useful life.

Machine Learning-Based Energy System Model for Tissue Paper Machines

With the global energy crisis and environmental pollution intensifying, tissue papermaking enterprises urgently need to save energy. The energy consumption model is essential for the energy saving of tissue paper machines. The energy consumption of tissue paper machine is very complicated, and the workload and difficulty of using the mechanism model to establish the energy consumption model of tissue paper machine are very large. Therefore, this article aims to build an empirical energy consumption model for tissue paper machines. The energy consumption of this model includes electricity consumption and steam consumption. Since the process parameters have a great influence on the energy consumption of the tissue paper machines, this study uses three methods: linear regression, artificial neural network and extreme gradient boosting tree to establish the relationship between process parameters and power consumption, and process parameters and steam consumption. Then, the best power consumption model and the best steam consumption model are selected from the models established by linear regression, artificial neural network and the extreme gradient boosting tree. Further, they are combined into the energy consumption model of the tissue paper machine. Finally, the models established by the three methods are evaluated. The experimental results show that using the empirical model for tissue paper machine energy consumption modeling is feasible. The result also indicates that the power consumption model and steam consumption model established by the extreme gradient boosting tree are better than the models established by linear regression and artificial neural network. The experimental results show that the power consumption model and steam consumption model established by the extreme gradient boosting tree are better than the models established by linear regression and artificial neural network. The mean absolute percentage error of the electricity consumption model and the steam consumption model built by the extreme gradient boosting tree is approximately 2.72 and 1.87, respectively. The root mean square errors of these two models are about 4.74 and 0.03, respectively. The result also indicates that using the empirical model for tissue paper machine energy consumption modeling is feasible, and the extreme gradient boosting tree is an efficient method for modeling energy consumption of tissue paper machines.

The effect of microfibrillated cellulose on the wet-web strength of paper

The wet-web strength of paper immediately after the press section of a paper machine is a critical factor in determining machine runnability. However, it is difficult to determine at commercial scale, because the web has to be broken and production interrupted in order to obtain a sample for measurement. The use of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) is believed to increase wet-web strength, as it has allowed filler level increases of 10% or more on many commercial paper machines. In this paper, we describe a laboratory method for estimating the effect of MFC on wet sheet strength after pressing, as well as actual measurements of wet-web strength from a pilot paper machine trial. These experiments have demonstrated the positive effect of MFC. At solids contents in the range typically observed after pressing, sheets with MFC at fixed filler content are significantly stronger, but also wetter, than those without it. When the use of MFC is combined with a typical increase in filler content, the wet web remains slightly stronger, but also becomes drier than the reference condition. These results are compatible with the theory put forward by van de Ven that wet-web strength is mainly a result of friction between entangled fibers, and they also suggest that the presence of MFC increases this friction.

Penerapan Metode ‘3H’ dalam Pelatihan Jurnalistik Anggota LAPMI-HMI Makassar

Pelatihan jurnalistik, dengan pola ceramah yang klasik sudah tidak bisa diharapkan memberikan hasil maksimal, terlebih patron media massa berita telah bergerak kearah online. Untuk Indonesia, peralihan basis media ke online, berpotensi menimbulkan implikasi hukum yang tidak kecil bagi wartawan. Kajian dasar jurnalistik kontemporer, sudah harus disandingkan dengan pengetahuan teknologi digital media. Mesin cetak dan kertas, bukan lagi pemegang mahkota bagi media massa era kini. Semua telah diambil alih professional bidang Informasi dan Teknologi (IT). Wartawan hanya menjadi satu dari elemen lainnya yang memegang kunci informasi bisa tersebar dan sampai ke tangan pembaca. Pelatihan ini bertujuan mengubah cara lama, yang masih mengedepankan pengenalan elemen dasar berita, menaikkannya ke posisi setara dengan kemampuan seorang wartawan atau reporter dalam mengolah informasi menjadi berkualitas, tentu saja dengan bobot menghindarkan mereka dari jerat hukum. Pelatihan ini singkat, dengan durasi waktu tiga hari, dan menitikberatkan pada kemampuan wartawan atau reporter dalam menyeleksi fakta, melengkapinya dan kemudian menuliskan, sebelum dipublikasikan di portal berita atau media mereka. Penggunaan pola ‘H3’ (Head, Heart and Hand), diyakini menambah kemampuan dan ketajaman analisis seorang wartawan atau reporter, sebelum memulai penulisan beritanya. Pola ini bisa saja telah berlangsung di banyak tempat pelatihan, namun untuk wilayah Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia, terbilang baru.Kata Kunci: Pelatihan Wartawan, Pola Tiga H, Kualitas Berita, Media MassaABSTRACTJournalistic training, with a classic lecture pattern, cannot be expected to give maximum results, especially since the news mass media patrons have moved towards online. For Indonesia, the shift from the media base to online has the potential to have significant legal implications for journalists. The basic study of contemporary journalism must be juxtaposed with knowledge of digital media technology. Printing and paper machines are no longer crown holders for today's mass media. All have been taken over by professionals in the Information and Technology (IT) field. Journalists are only one of the other elements who hold the key to information being spread and reaching the readers' hands. This training aims to change the old way, which still prioritizes the introduction of the basic elements of news, raising it to a position equivalent to the ability of a journalist or reporter to process information into quality, of course with the weight of preventing them from being caught in the law. This training is short, with a duration of three days, and focuses on the journalist's or reporter's ability to select facts, complete them and then write them down, before being published on their news portal or media. The use of the pattern "H3" (Head, Heart and Hand), is believed to increase the ability and sharpness of a reporter or reporter's analysis, before starting to write news. This pattern may have taken place in many training venues, but for the City of Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, it is relatively new.Keywords: Journalist Training, Model Tree H, News Quality, Mass Media

Unbalance Estimation for a Large Flexible Rotor Using Force and Displacement Minimization

Mass unbalance is one of the most prominent faults that occurs in rotating machines. The identification of unbalance in the case of large flexible rotors is crucial because in industrial applications such as paper machines and roll grinders, high vibrations can adversely affect the quality of the end product. The objective of this research is to determine the unbalance location, magnitude and phase for a large flexible rotor with few measured coordinates. To this end, an established force-based method comprising of modal expansion and equivalent load minimization is applied. Due to the anisotropic behavior of the test rotor, the force method required at least six measured coordinates to predict the unbalance with an error of 4 to 36%. To overcome this limitation, an alternate method, eliminating the use of modal expansion, is proposed. Here, displacements generated by varying the location of a reference unbalance along the rotor axis, are compared to measured displacements to detect the unbalance location. Furthermore, instead of force-based fault models, the minimization of displacements at measured locations determines the unbalance parameters. The test case in this study is the guiding roll of a paper machine and its different unbalance states. The algorithm is tested initially with a simulation-based model and then validated with an experimental set up. The results show that the displacement method can locate the unbalance close to the actual location and it can predict the unbalance magnitude and phase with only two measured coordinates. Lastly, using measured data from 15 measurement points across the tube section of the test rotor, a comparison shows how the selection of the two measured locations affects the estimation accuracy.

The control of condensate in the dryer cylinders by their temperature gradient coolings

Дроссельные шайбы, применяемые в сушильных цилиндрах (СЦ) для выпуска конденсата, имеют нерегулируемый условный проход, что приводит при интенсификации теплового и гидравлического режимов работы к накоплению конденсата. Повышенное содержание конденсата в СЦ увеличивает термическое сопротивление тепловому потоку от конденсирующегося пара к внутренним стенкам СЦ. Разработка методов обнаружения повышенного содержания конденсата в отдельных цилиндрах актуальна для снижения расхода пара на сушку бумаги. Выполнены исследования трендов температуры СЦ (скорости изменения температуры по времени, °С/мин) за период охлаждения после отключения подачи пара. Выбраны диагностические точки контроля и обоснован режим измерения температур в этих точках СЦ. Произведено исключение грубых ошибок экспериментов. Разработана методика и алгоритм расчета допустимых уровней трендов температур. Выполнены расчеты допустимых характеристик трендов температур за время интервалов охлаждения СЦ. По трендам температур определены СЦ с повышенным содержанием конденсата. Разработанный авторами метод и алгоритм расчета допустимых трендов температур охлаждения СЦ при останове машины, основанный на различиях в скорости охлаждения СЦ с конденсатом и без конденсата, теоретически обоснован и экспериментально апробирован в производственных условиях. Обнаружение СЦ с повышенным содержанием конденсата по данному методу можно производить параллельно с другими работами по технологическому и техническому обслуживанию сушильных частей бумагоделательных машин. Throttle washers used in drying cylinders (DC) for condensate release have an unregulated conditional passage, which leads to the accumulation of condensate during the intensification of thermal and hydraulic modes. The condensate accumulates in DS due to the tolerances of the scale uneven. The increased condensate content in the DC increases the thermal resistance to the heat flow from the condensing steam to the internal walls of the DC. Studies of temperature gradients during the cooling period after the steam supply to the drying cylinders has been performed. The method and algorithm of calculation of permissible levels of temperature gradients are developed. Drying cylinders with increased condensate level were determined. The development of methods for detecting increased condensate content in individual cylinders is relevant for reducing the steam consumption for paper drying. Studies of temperature gradients of the DC during the cooling period after the steam supply was switched off in the drying part of the boom-making machine were performed. Diagnostic control points are selected and the temperature measurement mode in the DC these points is justified. The exception of gross errors of experiments on the t-criterion Student's was made. A method and algorithm for calculating the permissible levels of temperature gradients and the minimum and maximum permissible temperature deviations of the surveyed SCS has been developed. A graph is constructed for detecting and excluding rough measurement errors from the sample. Calculations of permissible characteristics of temperature gradients during cylinder cooling intervals are performed. By temperature gradients during cooling intervals, DC with an increased condensate content are determined. The method and algorithm developed by the authors for calculating the permissible levels of cooling temperature gradients of the DC, when the machine is stopped, based on differences in the cooling rate of the DC with condensate and without condensate, is theoretically justified and experimentally tested in production conditions. Detection of DC with high condensate content using this method can be performed in parallel with other works on technological and technical maintenance of drying parts of paper machines.