scholarly journals A Review of Microalgal Biofilm Technologies: Definition, Applications, Settings and Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Hernán Moreno Osorio ◽  
Antonino Pollio ◽  
Luigi Frunzo ◽  
Piet Nicolaas Luc Lens ◽  
Giovanni Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Attached Cultivation ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Primary Reference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Research Challenge ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Growth Methods

Biofilm-based algal cultivation has many advantages over the conventional suspended growth methods and has received increased attention as a potential platform for algal production, wastewater treatment (nutrient removal), and a potential pathway to supply feedstock for microalgae-based biorefinery attempts. However, the attached cultivation by definition and application is a result of a complex interaction between the biotic and abiotic components involved. Therefore, the entire understanding of the biofilm nature is still a research challenge due to the need for real-time analysis of the system. In this review, the state of the art of biofilm definition, its life cycle, the proposed designs of bioreactors, screening of carrier materials, and non-destructive techniques for the study of biofilm formation and performance are summarized. Perspectives for future research needs are also discussed to provide a primary reference for the further development of microalgal biofilm systems.

scholarly journals Allometric models for estimating Moringa oleifera leaflets area

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Silva Macário ◽  
Rener Luciano de Souza Ferraz ◽  
Patrícia da Silva Costa ◽  
José Félix de Brito Neto ◽  
Alberto Soares de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Future Research ◽  
State University ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Bivariate Model ◽  
Allometric Models ◽  
Length Width ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Non Destructive

ABSTRACT Moringa oleifera is a species of great economic, social and environmental importance, being employed for multiple purposes. Thus, the objective of this study was to fit regression models for estimating leaflets area as non-destructive method from linear measurements of leaflets of M. oleifera seedlings. The study was carried out at the Center for Agrarian and Environmental Sciences of the Paraíba State University. Three hundred leaflets of M. oleifera were collected and measured to determine length “L” and width “W” and, subsequently, leaflets area was quantified through ImageJ® software. Using 200 leaflets, the univariate regression models were fitted, adopting length, width or the product of these dimensions “LW” and a bivariate model based on length and width as predictor variables of the observed leaflets area as dependent variable. The remaining 100 leaflets were used to evaluate the relationship between the observed leaflet area “OLA” and the estimated leaflets area “ELA”, based on Pearson’s correlation “r”; Willmott’s index of agreement “d” and index of confidence “c”; and root mean square error “RMSE”. It was found that allometric models can be used with high accuracy and performance to estimate the leaflets area of M. oleifera as non-destructive method, and recommended model is ELA = 0.035 + 0.720*LW. Future research is suggested for fittings of multivariate models to estimate the leaf area of M. oleifera from varying leaflet sizes, complete leaves, leaf fresh and dry weights, history of life and age of plants.

User-Requirements Analysis on Augmented Reality-based Maintenance in Manufacturing

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
Joel Runji ◽  
Yun-Ju Lee ◽  
Chih-Hsing Chu
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
User Requirements ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Maintenance of technical equipment in manufacturing is inevitable for sustained productivity with minimal downtimes. Elimination of unscheduled interruptions as well as real-time monitoring of equipment health can potentially benefit from adopting augmented reality (AR) technology. How best to employ this technology in maintenance demands a fundamental comprehension of user requirements for production planners. Despite augmented reality applications being developed to assist various manufacturing operations, no previous study has examined how these user requirements in maintenance have been fulfilled and the potential opportunities that exist for further development. Reviews on maintenance have been general on all industrial fields rather than focusing on a specific industry. In this regard, a systematic literature review was performed on previous studies on augmented reality applications in the maintenance of manufacturing entities from 2017 to 2021. Specifically, the review examines how user requirements have been addressed by these studies and identifies gaps for future research. The user requirements are drawn from the challenges encountered during AR-based maintenance in manufacturing following a similar approach to usability engineering methodologies. The needs are identified as ergonomics, communication, situational awareness, intelligence sources, feedback, safety, motivation, and performance assessment. Contributing factors to those needs are cross-tabulated with the requirements and their results presented as trends, prior to drawing insights and providing possible future suggestions for the made observations.

A Comparison of Successful and Unsuccessful Strategies in Individual Sight-Singing Preparation and Performance

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice N. Killian ◽  
Michele L. Henry
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sight Singing ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Instrumental Ensemble ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Piano Lessons ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Practice Time

High school singers ( N=198) individually sang two melodies from notation, with and without a 30-second practice opportunity. Overall accuracy scores were significantly higher with preparation time. The less accurate singers, however, did not benefit from practice time. Analysis of videoed tests indicated that high scorers tonicized (vocally established the key), used hand signs, sang out loud during practice, physically kept the beat, and finished practicing the melody within 30 seconds significantly more frequently than did low scorers during practice. Similar strategies were used during performance, with the addition of tonicizing before singing. Sight-singing system used made no significant difference. Characteristics appearing significantly more often among high scorers included: region/state choir, private voice or piano lessons, playing an instrument, membership in instrumental ensemble, sight-singing individually outside class, and director giving individual sight-singing tests. Results are discussed in terms of strategies for teaching individual sight-singing and recommended areas of future research. August 11, 2004 January 18, 2005.

Computational Intelligence as a Tool for Small Modular Reactors

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Manic ◽  
Piyush Sabharwall
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Computational Intelligence ◽  
Fuzzy Systems ◽  
Nuclear Engineering ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Small Modular Reactors ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
And Performance

Computational intelligence techniques (CITs) traditionally consist of artificial neural networks (ANNs), fuzzy systems and genetic algorithms. This article overviews diverse implementations of ANNs, which are the most prominent in nuclear engineering problems, especially for small modular reactors (SMRs). Advanced computational intelligence-based tools will allow data to be transformation into knowledge, thus improving understanding, predictability (can be seen from the two case studies for thermal-hydraulic prediction), sustainability, and performance of SMRs with real time analysis and monitoring.

Real-Time Analysis of Individual Atmospheric Aerosol Particles:  Design and Performance of a Portable ATOFMS

1997 ◽  
Vol 69 (20) ◽  
pp. 4083-4091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Gard ◽  
Joseph E. Mayer ◽  
Brad D. Morrical ◽  
Tas Dienes ◽  
David P. Fergenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol Particles ◽  
And Performance

Electro-chemical spark machining–based hybrid machining processes: Research trends and opportunities

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Nath Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Machining Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Hybrid Machining ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Electro Discharge Machining ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Further Development

Shaping of the difficult-to-machine non-conductive materials such as glass, quartz and ceramic is much difficult and uneconomical by existing machining processes. As a result, wide applicabilities of these materials are still limited. Even though these materials are highly required in the field of the modern industries. To overcome the problem, a new machining method has been proposed by researchers by combining the features of electro-chemical machining and electro-discharge machining. Such combined machining process is called as electro-chemical spark machining process. Such developed machining method becomes an appropriate process for machining of non-conductive materials with significant improvement in productivity as compared to the electro-discharge machining and electro-chemical machining processes. In this article, the role of electro-chemical spark machining for machining of the non-conductive materials has been summarized and focused on the future research possibilities in the same area. This article also focuses on mechanism, process and performance parameters, variants and new developments related to the electro-chemical spark machining. As a result, this review article becomes beneficial for researchers to understand the phenomena of the electro-chemical spark machining process as well as further development in the same area.

An Interactive Minicomputer Program for the Indexing and Simulation of Electron Diffraction Patterns

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 542-543
Author(s):  
R.P. Goehner ◽  
W.T. Hatfield ◽  
Prakash Rao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
One Step ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Computer programs are now available in various laboratories for the indexing and simulation of transmission electron diffraction patterns. Although these programs address themselves to the solution of various aspects of the indexing and simulation process, the ultimate goal is to perform real time diffraction pattern analysis directly off of the imaging screen of the transmission electron microscope. The program to be described in this paper represents one step prior to real time analysis. It involves the combination of two programs, described in an earlier paper(l), into a single program for use on an interactive basis with a minicomputer. In our case, the minicomputer is an INTERDATA 70 equipped with a Tektronix 4010-1 graphical display terminal and hard copy unit.A simplified flow diagram of the combined program, written in Fortran IV, is shown in Figure 1. It consists of two programs INDEX and TEDP which index and simulate electron diffraction patterns respectively. The user has the option of choosing either the indexing or simulating aspects of the combined program.

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