Preterm Birth Is Correlated With Increased Oral Originated Microbiome in the Gut

BackgroundPreterm birth is one of the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Gut microbiome dysbiosis is closely related to adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of preterm birth remains poorly studied.MethodWe collected fecal samples from 41 women (cases presenting with threatened preterm labor =19, 11 of which delivered preterm; gestational age-matched no-labor controls, all of which delivered at term = 22) were recruited for the study. We performed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to compare the composition of the gut microbiome in threatened preterm labor cases and controls and among women who delivered preterm and at term. By annotating taxonomic biomarkers with the Human Oral Microbiome Database, we observed an increased abundance of potential oral-to-gut bacteria in preterm patients.ResultsPatients with preterm birth showed a distinct gut microbiome dysbiosis compared with those who delivered at term. Opportunistic pathogens, particularly Porphyromonas, Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, and Veillonella, were enriched, whereas Coprococcus and Gemmiger were markedly depleted in the preterm group. Most of the enriched bacteria were annotated oral bacteria using the Human Oral Microbiome Database. These potential oral-to-gut bacteria were correlated with clinical parameters that reflected maternal and fetal status.ConclusionsThis study suggests that patients who deliver preterm demonstrate altered gut microbiome that may contain higher common oral bacteria.

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Periodontal Pathogens and Preterm Birth: Current Knowledge and Further Interventions

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10060730 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 730

Author(s):

Milan Terzic ◽

Gulzhanat Aimagambetova ◽

Sanja Terzic ◽

Milena Radunovic ◽

Gauri Bapayeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Preterm Labor ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Neonatal Morbidity ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Periodontal Bacteria ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

Tract Infections

Preterm labor is defined as a birth before 37 weeks of gestation and occurs in 5–20% of pregnancies. Preterm labor, as multifactorial entity associated with a high risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality, is influenced by maternal, fetal and environmental factors. Microbiological studies suggest that infectious pathogens may account for 25–40% of preterm birth. Infections of different sites, like genital, urinary tract infections, and pneumonia, are linked to the preterm labor. The most recent epidemiological studies consistently report that maternal periodontal disease is associated with preterm delivery, as well as the association between the presence of pathogenic oral bacteria in the placenta and adverse pregnancy outcomes. On the other hand, some previously published papers found periodontal bacteria in placentas of term pregnancies. In spite of a huge research done on the topic, both experimental and clinical, there are many controversial opinions about the role of periodontal infections in preterm birth. Thus, this comprehensive review addresses this very important topic and evaluates novel strategies of preventive and therapeutic approaches.

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Bioinformatics Analysis of Oral, Vaginal, and Rectal Microbial Profiles during Pregnancy: A Pilot Study on the Bacterial Co-Residence in Pregnant Women

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9051027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1027

Author(s):

Megumi Fudaba ◽

Tomonori Kamiya ◽

Daisuke Tachibana ◽

Masayasu Koyama ◽

Naoko Ohtani

Keyword(s):

Preterm Labor ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Genome ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Bioinformatic Analysis ◽

Lactobacillus Species ◽

Sequencing Data ◽

Associated Bacteria ◽

16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Threatened Preterm Labor

Preterm birth (PTB) and threatened preterm labor (TPL), an important pre-PTB state, are major obstetric complications during pregnancy. However, their triggers have not been fully elucidated. The vagina is dominated by Lactobacillus species (categorized as community state types; CSTs I, II, III, and V) or by mixed anaerobes (CST IV). An abundance of the latter is associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and BV-triggered PTB/TPL. To identify factors that influence the diversity of vaginal microbiota associated with BV and CST IV (BV-type) bacterial profile, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of the microbial taxa using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data of bacterial genome in oral, vaginal, and rectal samples collected from 58 pregnant Japanese women. Interestingly, common residence of BV-associated bacteria in the vagina and rectum was individually detected in the CST IV (non-Lactobacillus dominated) group by species-level Spearman correlation coefficient analysis, suggesting that the rectum acts as a reservoir of BV-associated bacterial species in the CST IV group. The current study provides evidence of bacterial co-residence in vagina and rectum in the non-Lactobacillus dominated group, which could be targeted to reduce the risk of preterm incidence in pregnancy.

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Oral Microbiota Identifies Patients in Early Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9081657 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1657

Author(s):

Anders Esberg ◽

Linda Johansson ◽

Ingegerd Johansson ◽

Solbritt Rantapää Dahlqvist

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Early Onset ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Disease Manifestation ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Quality Register

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune inflammatory disease, and single periodontitis-associated bacteria have been suggested in disease manifestation. Here, the oral microbiota was characterized in relation to the early onset of RA (eRA) taking periodontal status into consideration. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of saliva bacterial DNA from 61 eRA patients without disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and 59 matched controls was performed. Taxonomic classification at 98.5% was conducted against the Human Oral Microbiome Database, microbiota functions were predicted using PICRUSt, and periodontal status linked from the Swedish quality register for clinically assessed caries and periodontitis. The participants were classified into three distinct microbiota-based cluster groups with cluster allocation differences by eRA status. Independently of periodontal status, eRA patients had enriched levels of Prevotella pleuritidis, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Filifactor alocis species and in the Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium genera and functions linked to ornithine metabolism, glucosylceramidase, beta-lactamase resistance, biphenyl degradation, fatty acid metabolism and 17-beta-estradiol-17-dehydrogenase metabolism. The results support a deviating oral microbiota composition already in eRA patients compared with healthy controls and highlight a panel of oral bacteria that may be useful in eRA risk assessment in both periodontally healthy and diseased persons.

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Re: Transvaginal cervical length measurement for prediction of preterm birth in women with threatened preterm labor: a meta-analysis

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1002/uog.7661 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. n/a-n/a

Author(s):

M. M. Wiegerinck ◽

J. Y. Vis ◽

B. W. Mol

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Preterm Labor ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cervical Length ◽

Length Measurement ◽

Threatened Preterm Labor ◽

Cervical Length Measurement

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Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation with a Product Containing Human-Native S. salivarius K12 in Healthy Adults Increases Oral S. salivarius

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13124392 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 4392

Author(s):

Karina Cernioglo ◽

Karen M. Kalanetra ◽

Anna Meier ◽

Zachery T. Lewis ◽

Mark A. Underwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Placebo Control ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Double Blind ◽

16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Supplementation Period ◽

Tract Infections

Streptococcus salivarius (S. salivarius) K12 supplementation has been found to reduce the risk of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. Yet, studies have not reported the effect of supplementation on oral S. salivarius K12 levels or the salivary microbiome. This clinical trial was designed to determine how supplementation with S. salivarius K12 influences the oral microbiome. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 13 healthy adults received a probiotic powder (PRO) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, and S. salivarius K12 and 12 healthy adults received a placebo-control powder (CON) (n = 12) for 14 consecutive days. Oral S. salivarius K12 and total bacteria were quantified by qPCR and the overall oral microbiome was measured using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Supplementation significantly increased mean salivary S. salivarius K12 levels by 5 logs compared to baseline for the PRO group (p < 0.0005), which returned to baseline 2 weeks post-supplementation. Compared with the CON group, salivary S. salivarius K12 was 5 logs higher in the PRO group at the end of the supplementation period (p < 0.001). Neither time nor supplementation influenced the overall oral microbiome. Supplementation with a probiotic cocktail containing S. salivarius K12 for two weeks significantly increased levels of salivary S. salivarius K12.

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An association between chronic widespread pain and the gut microbiome

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/keaa847 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maxim B Freidin ◽

Maria A Stalteri ◽

Philippa M Wells ◽

Genevieve Lachance ◽

Andrei-Florin Baleanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Chronic Widespread Pain ◽

Mendelian Randomisation ◽

Total N ◽

16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽

A Genome

Abstract Objectives Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain (CWP) is a characteristic symptom of fibromyalgia, which has been shown to be associated with an altered gut microbiome. Microbiome studies to date have not examined the milder CWP phenotype specifically nor have they explored the role of raised BMI. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the microbiome is abnormal in CWP. Methods CWP was assessed using a standardized screening questionnaire in female volunteers from the TwinsUK cohort including 113 CWP cases and 1623 controls. The stool microbiome was characterised using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), and associations with CWP examined using linear mixed-effects models adjusting for BMI, age, diet, family relatedness and technical factors. Results Alpha diversity was significantly lower in CWP cases than controls (Mann–Whitney test, p-values 2.3e-04 and 1.2e-02, respectively). The species Coprococcus comes was significantly depleted in CWP cases (p.adj = 3.04e-03). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) performed for C. comes in TwinsUK followed by meta-analysis with three Dutch cohorts (total n = 3521) resulted in nine suggestive regions, with the most convincing on chromosome 4 near the TRAM1L1 gene (rs76957229, p= 7.4e-8). A Mendelian randomisation study based on the results of the GWAS did not support a causal role for C. comes on the development of CWP. Conclusions We have demonstrated reduced diversity in the microbiome in CWP, indicating an involvement of the gut microbiota in CWP; prospectively the microbiome may offer therapeutic opportunities for this condition.

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Response to the comment on “Can stress biomarkers predict preterm birth in women with threatened preterm labor?”

Psychoneuroendocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.490 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 85 ◽

pp. 216-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana García-Blanco ◽

Vicente Diago ◽

Verónica Serrano-De La Cruz ◽

David Hervás ◽

Consuelo Cháfer-Pericás ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Preterm Labor ◽

Stress Biomarkers ◽

Threatened Preterm Labor

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Population differences and the effect of vaginal progesterone on preterm birth in women with threatened preterm labor

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine ◽

10.3109/14767058.2015.1121476 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (19) ◽

pp. 3223-3228 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Frederik Jan Robin Hermans ◽

Ariel Karolinski ◽

Véronique Othenin-Girard ◽

María Victoria Bertolino ◽

Ewoud Schuit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Preterm Labor ◽

Population Differences ◽

Vaginal Progesterone ◽

Threatened Preterm Labor

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Heat Shock Proteins and Heat Shock Protein-Antibody Complexes in Placental Tissues

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/s1064744999000307 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 180-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

M. Ziegert ◽

S. S. Witkin ◽

I. Sziller ◽

H. Alexander ◽

E. Brylla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Proteins ◽

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Preterm Labor ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Circulating Antibodies ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

Shock Proteins

Objective:The relationship between pregnancy outcome and expression of the heat shock proteins (hsps) or hsp-antibody complexes of 60kD (hsp60), 70kD (hsp70), and 90kD (hsp90) in placental tissue and circulating antibodies to hsps was evaluated.Method:Expression of hsp60, hsp70, and hsp90 in placentae from 12 women with preterm birth, eight with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and 10 with term birth, as well as the presence of the corresponding antibodies, was investigated by a new carbocyanine double fluorescence technique. Results were compared with microbiological findings and circulating antibodies to hsps in sera.Results:In each placental specimen examined, hsp60, hsp70, and hsp90 were identified. However, hsp70-antibody complexes were detected in only four of the preterm labor cases. Similarly, hsp60-antibody complexes were detected in only five preterm labor patients and in one patient with IUGR. None of the placentae contained hsp90-antibody complexes. In the preterm birth group, all patients with hsp60-antibody complexes were also positive for circulating antibodies to hsp60. The presence of hsp70-antibody complexes also correlated with hsp70 antibody in sera.Conclusions:Formation of hsp60- and hsp70-antibody complexes in the placenta may contribute to the induction of preterm birth. Women sensitized to these antibodies may be at increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcome. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 7:180–185, 1999.

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