scholarly journals Global Carbon Dioxide Removal Potential of Waste Materials From Metal and Diamond Mining

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam A. Bullock ◽  
Rachael H. James ◽  
Juerg Matter ◽  
Phil Renforth ◽  
Damon A. H. Teagle
Keyword(s):  
Ultramafic Rock ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Diamond Mining ◽  
Bicarbonate Ions ◽  
Primary Emissions ◽  
Global Carbon

There is growing urgency for CO2 removal strategies to slow the increase of, and potentially lower, atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Enhanced weathering, whereby the natural reactions between CO2 and silicate minerals that produce dissolved bicarbonate ions are accelerated, has the potential to remove substantial CO2 on decadal to centennial timescales. The global mining industry produces huge volumes of fine wastes that could be utilised as feedstock for enhanced weathering. We have compiled a global database of the enhanced weathering potential of mined metal and diamond commodity tailings from silicate-hosted deposits. Our data indicate that all deposit types, notably mafic and ultramafic rock-hosted operations and high tonnage Cu-hosting deposits, have the potential to capture ~1.1–4.5 Gt CO2 annually, between 31 and 125% of the industry's primary emissions. However, current knowledge suggests that dissolution rates of many minerals are relatively slow, such that only a fraction (~3–21%) of this potential may be realised on timescales of <50 years. Field trials in mine settings are urgently needed and, if this prediction is confirmed, then methodologies for accelerating weathering reactions will need to be developed.

scholarly journals Global carbon dioxide removal potential of waste materials from metal and diamond mining

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Bullock ◽  
Rachael James ◽  
Juerg Matter ◽  
Phil Renforth ◽  
Aidong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Removal ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Diamond Mining ◽  
Global Carbon

The Imperatives of Beneficiation Law for Botswana’s Diamond Mining Industry and Its Implications for Foreign Investment Protection

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Femi Oluyeju ◽  
Kuda Tshiamo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Investment Protection ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Diamond Mining ◽  
Backward And Forward Linkages

This article seeks to interrogate the advantages and disadvantages of beneficiation law for Botswana’s mining industry and its implications for foreign investment protection. Furthermore, it argues that the enactment of beneficiation law could stimulate economic growth and development in Botswana. On a proper analysis of the potential of beneficiation law it seems plain that it may facilitate the integration, of among others, the cutting and polishing segments through the backward and forward linkages in the entire diamond value chain to move Botswana diamond industry a step further as a new and emerging jewellery manufacturing and retail center in order to derive maximum returns from the rough diamond production. Quite clearly, cutting and polishing of diamonds in Botswana is bound to promote employment which in turn will promote demand for goods and services that would have a positive impact on economic growth in Botswana.  The paper concludes that on a balance, the opportunities accruable from the enactment of this law far outweigh the downsides and will not in any way scare investors away as some have perceived it.

scholarly journals Final Health and Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Soybean A5547-127

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
Åshild Kristin Andreassen ◽  
Anne Marie Bakke ◽  
Knut Kelkås Dahl ◽  
Knut Thomas Dalen ◽  
Merethe Aasmo Finne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Pat Gene ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Pat Protein

Soybean A5547-127 expresses the phosphinothricin - N - acetyltransferase (pat) gene from the soil bacterium Streptomyces viridochromogenes. The encoded PAT protein confers tolerance to the active herbicidal substance glufosinate-ammonium. Bioinformatics analyses of the inserted DNA and flanking sequences in soybean A5547-127 have not indicated a potential production of putative harmful proteins or polypeptides caused by the genetic modification. Genomic stability of the functional insert and consistent expression of the pat gene have been shown over several generations of soybean A5547-127. With the exception of the  intended changes caused by the trans-genetically introduced trait, data from field trials performed in the USA show that soybean A5547-127 is compositionally, morphologically and agronomically equivalent to its conventional counterpart and other commercial soybean varieties. A repeated dose toxicity study with rats and a nutritional assessment trial with broilers have not revealed adverse effects of soybean A5547-127. These studies indicate that soybean A5547-127 is nutritionally equivalent to and as safe as conventional soybean varieties. The PAT protein produced in soybean A5547-127 does not show sequence resemblance to known toxins or IgE-dependent allergens, nor has it been reported to cause IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Soybean is not cultivated in Norway, and there are no crosscompatible wild or weedy relatives of soybean in Europe.    Based on current knowledge the VKM GMO Panel concludes that with the intended usage, there are no discernible safety concerns associated with soybean A5547-127 regarding human or animal health or to the environment in Norway. 

scholarly journals Final Health and Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Soybean MON 87701

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
Åshild Kristin Andreassen ◽  
Nana Yaa Ohene Asare ◽  
Anne Marie Bakke ◽  
Knut Kelkås Dahl ◽  
Knut Thomas Dalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Cry1ac Gene ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Conventional Counterpart ◽  
Cry1ac Protein

Soybean MON 87701 expresses the cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis. The encoded Cry1Ac protein confers resistance against specific lepidopteran pests. Updated bioinformatics analyses of the inserted DNA and flanking sequences in soybean MON 87701 have not indicated a potential production of harmful toxins and allergens or polypeptides caused by the genetic modification. Genomic stability of the functional insert and consistent expression of the cry1Ac gene, have been shown over several generations of soybean MON 87701. Data from several field trials performed in USA, Canada, Chile and Argentina during 2005-2006 show that soybean MON 87701 is compositionally, morphologically and agronomically equivalent to its conventional counterpart and other commercial soybean cultivars. Subchronic feeding studies with rats as well as nutritional assessment with broilers have not revealed relevant adverse effects of MON 87701. These studies indicate that MON 87701 is nutritionally equivalent to and as safe as conventional soybean cultivars. The Cry1Ac protein produced in soybean MON 87701 do not show sequence resemblance to known toxins or IgE-dependent allergens, nor has the whole GM plant been reported to cause changes in IgE-mediated allergic reactions in patients reactive to soybean or in non-ectopic control individuals. Soybean is not cultivated in Norway, and there are no cross-compatible wild or weedy relatives of soybean in Europe.  Based on current knowledge and considering the intended uses, which exclude cultivation, the VKM GMO Panel concludes that soybean MON 87701 with the Cry1Ac protein:    -   Is compositionally, morphologically and agronomically equivalent to its conventional counterpart and other commercial soybean cultivars  -   Is unlikely to introduce a toxic or allergenic potential in food or feed compared to conventional soybean cultivars  -   Is nutritionally equivalent to and as safe as its conventional counterpart and other conventional soybean cultivars  -    Does not represent an environmental risk in Norway.

Calcium Naphthenates in Complex Production Systems - Evaluation and Chemical Inhibition Challenges

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A.. A. Nichols ◽  
F.F.. F. Rosário ◽  
M.C.M.. C.M. Bezerra ◽  
S.E.. E. Gorringe ◽  
H.L.. L. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Bicarbonate Ions ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Field Deployment

Abstract Over the last 15 years, much research and many field application studies have led to considerable improvement in our understanding of the formation and mitigation of calcium naphthenate deposits. In this field example, calcium naphthenates and stable emulsions are formed following mixing of fluids from different reservoir formations on a single FPSO. High TAN crudes containing low levels of ARN produce with low calcium formation waters whereas low TAN crudes are associated with high calcium formation waters. Mixing of these two systems has led to calcium naphthenate deposition and associated problems with its removal. This paper outlines the challenges in this complex deepwater subsea production system and the interpretation of the cause of the deposit. A series of laboratory tests using a specialised flow rig were conducted to illustrate the effects of mixing different fluids and identify those mixtures with the largest naphthenate potential. The work further illustrates the effect of bicarbonate ions on the system. Laboratory tests at low levels of bicarbonate (to prevent carbonate scaling at separator conditions) do not result in calcium naphthenate formation when mixing the high TAN crude with the current produced brine (moderate calcium). Naphthenates only formed when mixing with the high calcium brine. When bicarbonate is included at full field levels (in the presence of a scale inhibitor) significant calcium naphthenate formation is recorded with the lower calcium brines. The effect of CO2 within the produced fluids has also been evaluated. The paper describes how several variables contribute to the likelihood of calcium naphthenate deposition and presents results from several naphthenate formation and inhibition tests covering a range of fluid compositions and mixtures. Chemical qualification in the lab using the worst case fluid mixtures has been conducted to select a calcium naphthenate inhibitor for field deployment. Field trials demonstrate both the effectiveness of the treatments and also the qualification exercise conducted for this field. The results further indicate the complexity of accurately predicting a calcium naphthenate risk while illustrating that, even under challenging conditions, chemical inhibitors are effective in this system.

Impact of a diamond mining industry on metabolites in Larix gmelinii

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 104349
Author(s):  
I.V. Sleptsov ◽  
S.M. Rozhina ◽  
V.V. Mikhailov ◽  
I.I. Chikidov
Keyword(s):  
Mining Industry ◽  
Larix Gmelinii ◽  
Diamond Mining
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