scholarly journals Final Health and Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Soybean MON 87701

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
Åshild Kristin Andreassen ◽  
Nana Yaa Ohene Asare ◽  
Anne Marie Bakke ◽  
Knut Kelkås Dahl ◽  
Knut Thomas Dalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Cry1ac Gene ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Conventional Counterpart ◽  
Cry1ac Protein

Soybean MON 87701 expresses the cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis. The encoded Cry1Ac protein confers resistance against specific lepidopteran pests. Updated bioinformatics analyses of the inserted DNA and flanking sequences in soybean MON 87701 have not indicated a potential production of harmful toxins and allergens or polypeptides caused by the genetic modification. Genomic stability of the functional insert and consistent expression of the cry1Ac gene, have been shown over several generations of soybean MON 87701. Data from several field trials performed in USA, Canada, Chile and Argentina during 2005-2006 show that soybean MON 87701 is compositionally, morphologically and agronomically equivalent to its conventional counterpart and other commercial soybean cultivars. Subchronic feeding studies with rats as well as nutritional assessment with broilers have not revealed relevant adverse effects of MON 87701. These studies indicate that MON 87701 is nutritionally equivalent to and as safe as conventional soybean cultivars. The Cry1Ac protein produced in soybean MON 87701 do not show sequence resemblance to known toxins or IgE-dependent allergens, nor has the whole GM plant been reported to cause changes in IgE-mediated allergic reactions in patients reactive to soybean or in non-ectopic control individuals. Soybean is not cultivated in Norway, and there are no cross-compatible wild or weedy relatives of soybean in Europe.  Based on current knowledge and considering the intended uses, which exclude cultivation, the VKM GMO Panel concludes that soybean MON 87701 with the Cry1Ac protein:    -   Is compositionally, morphologically and agronomically equivalent to its conventional counterpart and other commercial soybean cultivars  -   Is unlikely to introduce a toxic or allergenic potential in food or feed compared to conventional soybean cultivars  -   Is nutritionally equivalent to and as safe as its conventional counterpart and other conventional soybean cultivars  -    Does not represent an environmental risk in Norway.

scholarly journals Final Health and Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Soybean A5547-127

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
Åshild Kristin Andreassen ◽  
Anne Marie Bakke ◽  
Knut Kelkås Dahl ◽  
Knut Thomas Dalen ◽  
Merethe Aasmo Finne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Pat Gene ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Pat Protein

Soybean A5547-127 expresses the phosphinothricin - N - acetyltransferase (pat) gene from the soil bacterium Streptomyces viridochromogenes. The encoded PAT protein confers tolerance to the active herbicidal substance glufosinate-ammonium. Bioinformatics analyses of the inserted DNA and flanking sequences in soybean A5547-127 have not indicated a potential production of putative harmful proteins or polypeptides caused by the genetic modification. Genomic stability of the functional insert and consistent expression of the pat gene have been shown over several generations of soybean A5547-127. With the exception of the  intended changes caused by the trans-genetically introduced trait, data from field trials performed in the USA show that soybean A5547-127 is compositionally, morphologically and agronomically equivalent to its conventional counterpart and other commercial soybean varieties. A repeated dose toxicity study with rats and a nutritional assessment trial with broilers have not revealed adverse effects of soybean A5547-127. These studies indicate that soybean A5547-127 is nutritionally equivalent to and as safe as conventional soybean varieties. The PAT protein produced in soybean A5547-127 does not show sequence resemblance to known toxins or IgE-dependent allergens, nor has it been reported to cause IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Soybean is not cultivated in Norway, and there are no crosscompatible wild or weedy relatives of soybean in Europe.    Based on current knowledge the VKM GMO Panel concludes that with the intended usage, there are no discernible safety concerns associated with soybean A5547-127 regarding human or animal health or to the environment in Norway. 

scholarly journals Final Health and Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Soybean 356043

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
Åshild Kristin Andreassen ◽  
Nana Yaa Ohene Asare ◽  
Anne Marie Bakke ◽  
Knut Kelkås Dahl ◽  
Knut Thomas Dalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Conventional Counterpart ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Soybean 356043 expresses both the gat gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus licheniformis and the gm - hra gene, an optimised form of the endogenous acetolactate synthase (als) coding sequence from soybean (Glycine max; gm). The encoded GAT4601 protein, glyphosate acetyltransferase, confers the ability to inactivate the active herbicidal substances glyphosate and glyphosate-ammonium to N-acetyl glyphosate, which does not have herbicidal activity. The encoded GM-HRA protein confers increased tolerance to the active, ALS-inhibiting, herbicidal substances chlorimuron, thifensulfuron and sulfonylureas. Bioinformatics analyses of the inserted DNA and flanking sequences in soybean 356043 have not indicated a potential production of putative harmful proteins or polypeptides caused by the genetic modification. Genomic stability of the functional insert and consistent expression of the gat gene, have been shown over several generations of soybean 356043. Data from several field trials performed in USA, Canada, Chile and Argentina during 2005-2006 show that soybean 356043 contains higher levels of especially the acetylated amino acid N-acetyl aspartate, but also N-acetyl glutamate and the odd-chain fatty acids heptadecanoic, heptadecenoic and heptadecadienoic acids, in addition to expression of the newly expressed proteins. Otherwise the soybean 356043 is compositionally, morphologically and agronomically equivalent to its conventional counterpart and other commercial soybean cultivars. The acetylated amino acids and odd-chain fatty acids are normal constituents of plant and animal-derived foods and feeds, and an in-depth toxicity and intake assessment did not reveal safety concerns regarding consumer intake at the levels present in soybean 356043. Sub-chronic feeding studies with rats, repeated-dose toxicity studies with mice, as well as nutritional assessment trials with broilers and laying hens have not revealed adverse effects of soybean 356043. These studies indicate that soybean 356043 is nutritionally equivalent to and as safe as conventional soybean cultivars. The GAT4601 and GM-HRA proteins produced in soybean 356043 do not show sequence resemblance to known toxins or IgE-dependent allergens, nor has the whole GM plant been reported to cause changes in IgE-mediated allergic reactions in patients reactive to soybean or in non-ectopic control individuals. Soybean is not cultivated in Norway, and there are no cross-compatible wild or weedy relatives of soybean in Europe.    Based on current knowledge and considering the intended uses, which exclude cultivation,                 the VKM GMO Panel concludes that soybean 356043 with the GAT4601 and GM-HRA               proteins:   -   Is – with the exception of the novel traits and resulting increased content of the acetylated amino acids NAA and NAG, and the odd-chain fatty acids heptadecanoic, heptadecenoic and heptadecadienoic acids – compositionally, morphologically and agronomically equivalent to its conventional counterpart and other commercial soybean cultivars  -   Are unlikely to introduce toxic or allergenic potentials in food or feed compared to conventional soybean cultivars  -   Is nutritionally equivalent to and as safe as its conventional counterpart and other conventional soybean cultivars  -   Does not represent an environmental risk in Norway.

scholarly journals Final Health and Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Soybean MON 89788

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
Åshild Kristin Andreassen ◽  
Anne Marie Bakke ◽  
Knut Kelkås Dahl ◽  
Knut Thomas Dalen ◽  
Merethe Aasmo Finne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Epsps Gene ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Cp4 Epsps Gene ◽  
Cp4 Epsps

Soybean MON 89788 expresses the cp4 epsps gene from the plant pathogenic bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Rhizobium radiobacter) sp. strain CP4. The encoded enzyme 5enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS) protein confers tolerance to the active herbicidal substance glyphosate. Updated bioinformatics analyses of the inserted DNA and flanking sequences in soybean MON 89788 have not indicated a potential production of putative harmful proteins or polypeptides caused by the genetic modification. Genomic stability of the functional insert and consistent expression of the cp4 epsps gene, have been shown over several generations of soybean MON 89788. With the exception of the intended changes caused by the trans-genetically introduced trait, data from several field trials performed in USA and Argentina show that soybean MON 89788 is compositionally, morphologically and agronomically equivalent to its conventional counterpart and other commercial soybean varieties. A sub-chronic feeding study with rats, as well as a nutritional assessment trial with broilers has not revealed adverse effects of soybean MON 89788. These studies indicate that soybean MON 89788 is nutritionally equivalent to, and as safe as conventional soybean varieties. The CP4 EPSPS protein produced in soybean MON 89788 does not show sequence resemblance to known toxins or IgE-dependent allergens, nor has it been reported to cause IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Soybean is not cultivated in Norway, and there are no cross-compatible wild or weedy relatives of soybean in Europe.    Based on current knowledge, the VKM GMO Panel concludes that with the intended usage, there are no discernible safety concerns associated with soybean MON 89788 regarding human or animal health or to the environment in Norway.

scholarly journals Final Health and Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Soybean A2704-12

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-116
Author(s):  
Åshild Kristin Andreassen ◽  
Anne Marie Bakke ◽  
Knut Kelkås Dahl ◽  
Knut Thomas Dalen ◽  
Merethe Aasmo Finne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Genetically Modified Soybean ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Pat Gene ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Pat Protein

Soybean A2704-12 expresses the phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase (pat) gene, from the soil bacterium Streptomyces viridochromogenes. The encoded PAT protein confers tolerance to the active herbicidal substance glufosinate-ammonium. Bioinformatics analyses of the inserted DNA and flanking sequences in soybean A2704-12 have not indicated a potential production of putative harmful proteins or polypeptides caused by the genetic modification. Genomic stability of the functional insert and consistent expression of the pat gene have been shown over several generations of soybean A2704-12. With the exception of the intended changes caused by the transgenetically introduced trait, data from field trials performed in the USA and Canada show that soybean A2704-12 is compositionally, morphologically and agronomically equivalent to its conventional counterpart and to other commercial soybean varieties. A repeated dose toxicity study in with rats and a nutritional assessment trial with broilers indicate that soybean A2704-12 is nutritionally equivalent to and as safe as conventional soybean varieties. The PAT protein produced in soybean A270412 does not show sequence resemblance to known toxins or IgE-dependent allergens, nor has it been reported to cause IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Soybean is not cultivated in Norway, and there are no cross-compatible wild or weedy relatives of soybean in Europe.    Based on current knowledge, the VKM GMO Panel concludes that with the intended usage, there are no discernible safety concerns associated with soybean A2704-12 regarding human or animal health or to the environment in Norway.

scholarly journals Exploring the Nutritional Ecology of Stunting: New Approaches to an Old Problem

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Raiten ◽  
Andrew A. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Despite a declining prevalence, stunting remains an elusive target for the global health community. The perception is that stunting represents chronic undernutrition (i.e., due to inadequate nutrient intake associated with food insecurity, low-quality diet, and suboptimal infant feeding practices in the first two years of life). However, other causes include maternal–fetal interactions leading to intrauterine growth retardation, poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation, and maternal and pediatric infections. Moreover, physical, economic, demographic, and social environments are major contributors to both food insecurity and conditions that limit linear growth. Overall, factors representing both the internal and external “nutritional ecologies” need to be considered in efforts to reduce stunting rates. Nutritional assessment requires better understanding of the mechanism and role of nutrition in growth, clear expectations about the sensitivity and specificity of the tools used, and inclusion of bio-indicators reflecting the extent and nature of the functional effect of poor nutrition and environmental factors contributing to human physical growth. We provide a perspective on current knowledge about: (i) the biology and contribution of nutrition to stunting/poor growth; (ii) our current nutritional assessment toolkit; (iii) the implications of current assessment approaches for clinical care and public interventions; and (iv) future directions for addressing these challenges in a changing global health environment.

Nutrition: A Critical Component of Wound Healing

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Stotts ◽  
Donna F. Washington
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Assessment Technique

Nutrients are essential to wound healing and patients in critical care are often at risk for lack of sufficient nutrients that may result in impaired healing. Understanding the role of the various nutrients in healing provides the basis for assessment and therapy. Use of a practical and consistent nutritional assessment technique is an important part of care for critically ill patients with wounds. The health care team must provide care based on current knowledge of the effects of nutrition on wound healing and work collaboratively in doing nutritional assessment and providing nutritional support to optimize wound healing outcomes

Tolerance of identity preserved soybean cultivars to preemergence herbicides

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly D. Belfry ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Lynette R. Brown ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Belfry, K. D., Soltani, N., Brown, L. R. and Sikkema, P. H. 2015. Tolerance of identity preserved soybean cultivars to preemergence herbicides. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 719–726. Six field trials were conducted over a 3-yr period (2011 to 2013) near Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada, to assess the tolerance of seven identity-preserved (IP) soybean cultivars to preemergence (PRE) herbicides applied at 2×the recommended dose. All cultivars demonstrated excellent tolerance to dimethenamid-P, pyroxasulfone, S-metolachlor, chlorimuron-ethyl, clomazone, cloransulam-methyl, flumetsulam and imazethapyr, showing 5% or less injury. At Exeter, linuron caused as much as 13 and 18% injury at 2 and 4 wk after soybean emergence, while injury due to metribuzin was as high as 22 and 47% for the same dates, respectively. At Exeter, linuron, metribuzin and S-metolachlor plus metribuzin reduced soybean height up to 17, 41 and 24%, respectively; soybean height was generally not affected at the Ridgetown sites. At Exeter, metribuzin reduced soybean yield up to 38% for cultivars S03W4, Madison and OAC Lakeview, while S23T5 was not significantly reduced. On the contrary, metribuzin yield loss at Ridgetown was nonsignificant. Results from this study suggest that PRE application of metribuzin at 2× field dose has potential to cause unacceptable injury and yield reduction in IP soybeans under some soil and climatic conditions and may vary according to cultivar.

scholarly journals The path from protein profiling to biomarkers: The potential of proteomics and data integration in beef quality research

2021 ◽  
Vol 854 (1) ◽  
pp. 012029
Author(s):  
Mohammed Gagaoua
Keyword(s):  
Data Integration ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Protein Profiling ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Beef Tenderness ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms

Abstract This study aimed to provide an overview of the strategy of meat quality biomarkers identification from protein profiling to the establishment of putative protein biomarkers with a focus on beef tenderness and colour traits. Further, the current knowledge gained by data-integration, also known as integromics, of published meat proteomics studies during the last decade is briefly discussed in terms of the current list of protein candidate biomarkers revealed using different proteomics platforms and evaluated by proteomics-based approaches. The main biochemical pathways underlying the determination of tenderness and colour traits as important beef eating qualities revealed by bioinformatics analyses such as Gene Ontology annotations, pathway and process enrichments are further considered. This paper also addresses the potential of integromics and data-mining, in the era of big data and data analytics, to broaden our knowledge on the biochemical mechanisms underlying the conversion of muscle into meat and the consequences on beef sensory quality traits (tenderness and colour). Finally, the emerging interest of using such gathered and shortlisted protein biomarkers for first validation and then early post-mortem prediction of the potential quality of beef carcasses is highlighted.

scholarly journals Final Health and Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Carnation Moonberry IFD25958-3

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-119
Author(s):  
Åshild Andreassen ◽  
Nana Yaa Ohene Asare ◽  
Anne Marie Bakke ◽  
Merethe Aasmo Finne ◽  
Anne Marthe Jevnaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Anthocyanin Pigments ◽  
Intended Use

Genetically modified carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) line IFD-25958-3 with product name Moonberry™, expresses three introduced traits. The dfr gene from Petunia x hybrida and the f3′5′h gene from Viola hortensis, coding for dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H), respectively, lead to the biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments, which confer the desired violet/blue colour to the flowers. A mutated als gene (SuRB) from Nicotiana tabacum has also been inserted, coding for an acetolactate synthase (ALS) variant protein and thereby conferring tolerance to the active, ALS-inhibiting, herbicidal substances chlorimuron, thifensulfuron and sulfonylureas, used to facilitate the selection of GM shoots during genetic transformation. Of note, carnation Moonberry IFD25958-3 contained a hairpin RNA interference (RNAi) gene, which down-regulates endogenous dfr. Bioinformatics analyses of the inserted DNA and flanking sequences in carnation Moonberry IFD-25958-3 have not indicated a potential production of putative harmful proteins or polypeptides caused by the genetic modification. Genomic stability of the functional insert and consistent expression of the dfr and f3′5′h genes, have been shown over several generations of carnation Moonberry IFD-25958-3. Data reported from several field trials show that carnation Moonberry IFD-25958-3 petals contain higher levels of the anthocyanins delphinidin and cyanidin, and lower levels of pelargonidin compared to the non-GM (conventional) carnation counterpart Cerise Westpearl (CW). Other morphological traits were reported and along with differing petal colour, carnation Moonberry IFD-25958-3 differed significantly in nine traits compared to conventional carnation counterpart CW. Aqueous extracts from leaves or petals showed no mutagenic activity in vitro. ALS, DFR, and F3’5’H proteins do not show sequence resemblance to known toxins or IgE-dependent allergens, nor have they been reported to be toxic to animals or cause IgE-mediated allergic reactions. The anthocyanins delphinidin and cyanidin are present in numerous foods and are also approved food additives. Carnations are cultivated in Norway, but since 1) the intended uses includes import of cut flowers for ornamental use only, 2) the spread and viability of pollen from the cut flowers is low, 3) seed formation in cut flowers is unlikely to occur, and 4) spread of inserted genes to target or non-target organisms is either unlikely to occur or is not of biological relevance, the VKM GMO Panel does not consider that carnation Moonberry IFD-25958-3 represents an environmental risk in Norway.    Considering that carnation Moonberry IFD-25958-3 is not intended for cultivation or use as food or feed, the VKM GMO Panel considers that comparative analysis of the newly synthesised anthocyanin pigments delphinidin, cyanidin and pelargonidin in its petals is sufficient for the risk assessment. The reported morphological differences between Moonberry IFD-25958-3 and its conventional carnation counterpart Cerise Westpearl (CW) do not raise safety concerns. It is unlikely that the DFR, F3’5’H or ALS proteins, or the delphinidin or cyanidin pigments, will introduce a toxic or allergenic potential in Moonberry IFD-25958-3.    Based on current knowledge and information supplied by the applicant, and considering the intended use, which excludes cultivation and use as food and feed, the VKM GMO Panel concludes that Moonberry IFD-25958-3 is as safe as its conventional counterpart CW.    Based on the current knowledge and considering its import, distribution and intended use as cut ornamental flowers, the VKM GMO Panel concludes that it is unlikely that carnation Moonberry IFD-25958-3 will have any adverse effects on the biotic or abiotic environment in Norway.

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