scholarly journals StreptInCor, a Group A Streptococcal Adsorbed Vaccine: Evaluation of Repeated Intramuscular Dose Toxicity Testing in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos de Sá-Rocha ◽  
Lea Maria Macruz Ferreira Demarchi ◽  
Edilberto Postol ◽  
Roney Orismar Sampaio ◽  
Raquel Elaine de Alencar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choice Model ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Candidate Vaccine ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Intramuscular Dose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Streptococcus pyogenes infections continue to be a worldwide public health problem, causing various diseases in humans, with rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease being the most harmful manifestations. Impetigo and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis are also important sequelae of skin infections. We have developed a candidate vaccine epitope (StreptInCor) that presents promising results in diverse animal models. To assess whether the StreptInCor alum-adsorbed vaccine could induce undesirable effects, a certified independent company conducted a repeated intramuscular dose toxicity evaluation in Wistar rats, a choice model for toxicity studies. We did not observe significant alterations in clinical, hematological, biochemical, anatomical, or histopathological parameters due to vaccine administration, even when the animals received the highest dose. In conclusion, repeated intramuscular doses did not show signs of macroscopic or other significant changes in the clinical or histopathological parameters, indicating that StreptInCor can be considered a safe candidate vaccine.

scholarly journals A one-year study of streptococcal infections and their complications among Ethiopian children

1992 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Tewodros ◽  
L. Muhe ◽  
E. Daniel ◽  
C. Schalén ◽  
G. Kronvall
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Children ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Group A ◽  
Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis ◽  
One Year ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Rheumatic Heart ◽  
Apparently Healthy

SUMMARYPost-streptococcal complications are known to be common among Ethiopian children. Little is known, however, about the epidemiology of beta-haemolytic streptococci in Ethiopia. A total of 816 children were studied during a one-year period: 24 cases of acute rheumatic fever (ARF), 44 chronic rheumatic heart disease (CRHD), 44 acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN), 143 tonsillitis, 55 impetigo, and 506 were apparently healthy children. Both ARF and APSGN occurred throughout the year with two peaks during the rainy and cold seasons. The female: male ratio among ARF patients was 1·4:1 and 1:1·9 among APSGN. The monthly carrier rate of beta-haemolytic streptococci group A varied from 7·5–39%, average being 17%. T type 2 was the most frequent serotype. Marked seasonal fluctuations were noted in the distribution of serogroups among apparently healthy children. Beta-haemolytic streptococci group A dominated during the hot and humid months of February–May. Strains were susceptible to commonly used antibiotics, except for tetracycline.

An economic case for a vaccine to prevent group A streptococcus skin infections

Vaccine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (46) ◽  
pp. 6968-6978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Cannon ◽  
Susan Jack ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Jane Zhang ◽  
Michael G. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Group A

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF ROLLING BOARD PERTURBATION TRAINING ON BALANCE AMONG HEMIPARETIC STROKE PATIENTS - A COMPARATIVE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Senthil kumar ◽  
Dr. Franklin Shaju M.K m k ◽  
Dr. Vijaya Senthil Kumar kumar ◽  
Dr. A. velmurugan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Perturbation Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Hemiparetic Stroke ◽  
Conventional Physiotherapy ◽  
Group B

Background of the study: Stroke is a major public health problem that ranks in the top four causes of death in most of the countries and is responsible for a large proportion of the burden of neurologic disorders. Patients with stroke have poor balance because they cannot control dynamically the size of the base of support or the location of the line of gravity. Perturbation training undergoes the maximal sway possible without losing his balance. Objective of the study: The objective of the study is to find the effects of rolling board perturbation training on balance among hemiparetic stroke patients. Methodology: Thirty clinically diagnosed hemiparetic stroke patients were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were randomly allocated into two groups (Group A and Group B) consists of 15 subjects each. Group A received conventional physiotherapy alone and group B received rolling board perturbation training along with conventional physiotherapy. Intervention lasted for 4 weeks, three days in a week and one hour per day. Balance was measured before and after 4 weeks of intervention by berg balance scale. Conclusion: Both conventional physiotherapy alone and rolling board perturbation training along with conventional physiotherapy significantly improved balance among hemiparetic stroke patients. When comparing both rolling board perturbation training along with conventional physiotherapy is more effective than conventional physiotherapy alone in improving balance among hemiparetic stroke patients.

scholarly journals CAPACITY OF GROUP A (TYPE M12) STREPTOCOCCI TO BIND IMMUNE COMPLEXES AND THEIR ROLE IN PATHOGENESIS OF POST-STREPTOCOCCAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Burova ◽  
E. A. Gavrilova ◽  
P. V. Pigarevsky ◽  
V. G. Seliverstova ◽  
V. A. Nagornev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

International Symposium on Measles Immunization: Summary and Recommendations

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-654
Author(s):  
SAMUEL L. KATZ
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
International Symposium ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Environmental Setting ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Impact

The passage of 20 years since the first International Conference on Measles Immunization in November 1961 has been accompanied by very significant advances in our understanding of the impact of measles among different groups, in the development and the utilization of measles vaccines, and in the control of the disease. Throughout all these considerations, there remains great variability. This is manifest in the surveillance data on morbidity and mortality, the extent of vaccine utilization, and the attitudes about measles as a serious public health problem. Because of these variations it is obvious that any recommendations must be evaluated carefully and adapted appropriately to meet the needs of a given nation, a population group, a geographic locale, or an environmental setting.

Recent Epidemiology of Group A Streptococcal Infections in North America and Abroad: An Overview

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-948
Author(s):  
Edward L. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
North America ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Superficial Skin ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The 1960S

Feared for centuries as a major cause of infection-associated morbidity and mortality among infants, children, and adults, infections caused by the Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) and the associated public health problems declined remarkably by the close of the decade of the 1960s. Rather than hospitals being filled with children and adults with rheumatic heart disease or with suppurative sequelae such as mastoiditis, serious Group A streptococcal infections and their sequelae declined to the point where they have almost been considered a "nuisance". There have been relatively rare instances of surgical infections and there have been infrequent epidemics of pharyngitis. However, in North America, Europe, and most of the industrialized countries of Asia, epidemics of serious Group A infections and their sequelae essentially are unheard of. These infections and their suppurative and nonsuppurative sequelae have been much more of a medical and public health problem in many of the developing countries of the world, where few significant changes in their epidemiologic patterns have been evident. The primary manifestations of Group A streptococcal infections have been pharyngitis and superficial skin infections (impetigo) for most industrialized countries. During the past 10 years, however, this has changed remarkably. Serious Group A infections and their suppurative and nonsuppurative sequelae have re-emerged as significant problems for physicians and for public health authorities. For example, mortality has been greater than 30% in some reported series. This fact has placed increasing pressure on primary care physicians to appropriately diagnose and treat these infections. Understanding the epidemiology can beneficially impact patient care and public health policies.

scholarly journals Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis in Children – A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjit Ranjan Roy ◽  
Kamrul Laila
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Skin Infection ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Abrupt Onset ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is characterized by abrupt onset of hematuria, edema, hypertension, oliguria and impaired renal function following streptococcal group A â hemolytic streptococcal throat and skin infection. There is a declining incidence of APSGN worldwide, particularly in industrialized nations because of easier and earlier access to competent medical treatment of streptococcal infections and the widespread use of fluorination of water since virulence factors in streptococcus pyogens are reduced with fluoride exposure. But in the underdeveloped world, global burden of APSGN continues to be significant with lower estimate of 9.3 to 9.8 cases per 1,00,000 population per year to higher estimates as high as three times these values. Furthermore, clusters of cases are more frequently reported in poor communities in industrialized countries while epidemics of more than 100 cases are reported in the middle ranger countries with mean annual health expenditure per capita of about 550 US dollars. APSGN typically follows 1to2 weeks after pharyngeal infection and 2 to 4 weeks after skin infection by nephritogenic strains of group A â hemolytic streptococcus in a range of 5 – 15 years of age. Subclinical cases are 4 – 10 times higher than symptomatic patients. The acute phase generally resolves within 4-8 weeks but microscopic hematuria may persist for 1-2 yr after the initial presentation. Acute complications of symptomatic patients are hypertensive heart failure, encephalopathy and retinopathy. There can be acute renal failure and rarely rapidly progressive ( crescentic) glomerulonephritis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia and acidosis. Treatment is directed towards reduction of hypertension, but prompt address of complications are essential to avoid immediate mortality. Heart failure is treated with diuretic and anti-hypertensive, digoxin is ineffective. Hypertensive encephalopathy is treated by I.V phenobarbitone for convulsion, supportive measures for unconsciousness and blood pressure control. Acute renal failure is managed by supportive measures, rarely requires dialysis. Short and long term prognosis is excellent, with1% mortality during acute stage and 1% ending up with chronic kidney disease, but in higher age group abnormal urinalysis are present in higher number of patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i1.20025 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (1) : 32-39

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