Modeling the Rise of the City: Early Urban Networks in Southern Italy

The issues of prospective operation of the city electric networks in the conditions of the MART GRID, which will be quite different as compared to the traditional understanding and approaches, are under consideration. This requires the selection and application of appropriate analytical criteria and approaches to assessment, analysis and control of the networks. With this regard the following criteria are recommended: in a particular case – the optimal (minimal) technological electric power consumption (losses), while in general – economically reasonable (minimal) cost value of electric power transmission. It should be also borne in mind that contemporary urban networks are actively saturated with distributed sources of small generation that have radically changed the structure of electrical networks; therefore, account for such sources is an absolutely necessary objective of management regimes of urban electric networks, both traditional and in associated with the SMART GRID. A case of the analysis and control of urban electric 10 kV networks with distributed small sources of generation has been developed and presented according to the theoretical criterion of minimum relative active power losses in the circuit as a control case. The conducted research makes it possible to determine the magnitude of the tolerance network mode from the point of the theoretical minimum.

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Head for the Hills

10.26686/wgtn.16627657.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

William Briscoe

Keyword(s):

Complex Terrain ◽

Visual Programming ◽

City Council ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Generative Design ◽

Urban Theory ◽

Urban Networks ◽

Difficult Terrain ◽

Visual Programming Language ◽

The City

In the context of urban design, generative design has been examined as a tool for expansion or optimisation of existing urban networks. This optimisation uses information such as geometry of the existing urban fabric and available space for expansion. However, very little research exists into designing around terrain factors, instead usually opting to consider difficult terrain as simply a boundary for network expansion. This research seeks to answer the question ‘How can generative design improve the way urban networks are designed in complex terrain?’ It does this by creating a tool that can interpret any terrain information, and with simple designer input, can create conceptual urban schemes in complex terrain. The tool is developed using visual programming language Grasshopper, an extension for the Rhinoceros3D modelling software. Its development and proof-of-concept scheme are executed in Wellington, New Zealand. The city is one uniquely situated between harbour and steep hills, leading to several typologies of hillside urban schemes to use as precedent and comparison with the tool’s outputs. The Wellington City Council Urban Growth Plan anticipates an increase of 80,000 people in the next 30 years, and the city requires additional areas to house the growing population. Through a discussion of urban theory and existing generative design exemplars, the thesis settles on an urban grid-based logic for the tool. The thesis then records the process of designing the tool, using a Wellington site as a base for development. Evaluation of the tool is undertaken using space syntax theory as a key framework, as well as qualitative comparisons with existing hill suburbs in Wellington.

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ASSESSING OPENSTREETMAP URBAN NETWORK OF ORAN CITY

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w8-249-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol XLII-3/W8 ◽

pp. 249-252

Author(s):

B. Meguenni ◽

M. A. Hafid

Keyword(s):

Road Network ◽

Third Party ◽

Spatial Accuracy ◽

Data Set ◽

Urban Network ◽

Urban Networks ◽

Spatial Quality ◽

Gis Environment ◽

The City

Abstract. OpenStreetMap (OSM) uses the Open Database License, it is a collaborative project that collects a rich set of vector data provided by volunteers. It is a global collection of mapping data that can be used for a wide variety of purposes. Many third-party online maps are based on OpenStreetMap data. Currently, more and more large organizations are choosing OSM for their maps. In addition, the analysis of the spatial quality of the OSM data shows that particular care must be taken. However, there are several methods for assessing the quality of the OSM data by comparing the OSM to an authoritative dataset. In this context, it is essential to develop an automatic procedure to improve its spatial quality. This work proposes a quantitative method for comparing the quality of the OSM and an authoritative data set on urban networks in the city of Oran (Algeria). The procedure is based on python modules in a GIS environment and provides measurements of the spatial accuracy and completeness of the OSM road network. The method is applied to assess the quality of the Oran OSM road network data set through a comparison with the official Algerian dataset. The results show that the OSM's Algerian road network is very complete, but with low spatial accuracy.

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From Chicago to China and India: Studying the City in the Twenty-First Century

Annual Review of Sociology ◽

10.1146/annurev-soc-073117-041131 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 497-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Xuefei Ren

Keyword(s):

Urban Studies ◽

Neighborhood Effects ◽

Urban Sociology ◽

Urban China ◽

First Century ◽

Comparative Approach ◽

Urban Networks ◽

China And India ◽

Social Polarization ◽

The City

Since the last quarter of the twentieth century, cities in the Global South have seen extraordinary growth, with China and India as the epicenters of urbanization. This essay critically assesses the state of the field of global urban studies and focuses particularly on the scholarship relating to urban China and India. The essay identifies three dominant paradigms in the scholarship: the global city thesis, neoliberalism, and postcolonialism. In contrast to US urban sociology, which is often preoccupied with the question of how neighborhood effects reproduce inequality, global urban studies account for a much wider array of urban processes, such as global urban networks, social polarization, and the transformation of the built environment. This essay points out the disconnect between US urban sociology and global urban studies and proposes a comparative approach as a way to bridge the divide.

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Descriptive Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in the City and Province of Torino

Tumori Journal ◽

10.1177/030089168106700402 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 273-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alessandro Colombo ◽

Sabina Rendine ◽

Roberto Zanetti

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

The Other ◽

Descriptive Epidemiology ◽

Death Rates ◽

Breast Cancer Death ◽

The Sixties ◽

The City ◽

Qualitative Changes

Between 1950–54 and 1970–74 the mortality rates from breast cancer showed a 35 % increase in Italy. In the city of Torino, an increase occurred between 1950–54 and 1960–64 but not in the following 10-year period. These trends were confirmed by the analysis of rates by cohorts of birth. In the province of Torino, between 1960–64 and 1970–74 the increase in breast cancer death rates was far lower than in the other provinces of Piedmont. It is suggested that the peculiar patterns in the city and in the province of Torino reflect qualitative changes of lifestyle brought about by the conspicous immigration from southern Italy during the sixties.

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Analysis of the flooding event of October 22-23, 2005 in a small basin in the province of Bari (Southern Italy)

Journal of Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.4081/jae.2016.531 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 197 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tiziana Bisantino ◽

Vincenzo Pizzo ◽

Maurizio Polemio ◽

Francesco Gentile

Keyword(s):

Southern Italy ◽

High Water ◽

Ephemeral Streams ◽

Hydraulic Modelling ◽

Flooding Event ◽

Hydraulic Safety ◽

The City ◽

Water Depths ◽

Small Basin ◽

Hydrographic Network

In the province of Bari the hydrographic network consists of ephemeral streams called lame. In these watercourses the absence of runoff for long periods contributed to unfounded beliefs concerning the hydraulic safety of the landscape and therefore uncontrolled changes in streambeds and floodplains. In these streams high water discharges can occur during heavy rainfalls, as demonstrated by the floods that hit the city of Bari in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The flooding event of October 22-23, 2005 can be considered catastrophic as it resulted in six deaths, numerous injuries and substantial damage sustained by road and railway infrastructures at the intersection with the hydrographic network. This study aims to analyse the severity of the event in terms of the response of the landscape with reference to the case of the lama Scappagrano basin, where a Eurostar train derailed due to the collapse of the railway embankment. Coupled hydrological and two-dimensional hydraulic modelling was performed to reconstruct the flood hydrograph and water depths on the upstream side of the embankment. The results were used to set the boundary conditions to analyse the internal stability of the embankment using a finite element method.

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Assessment of Impacts Produced by Anthropogenic Sources in a Little City near an Important Industrial Area (Modugno, Southern Italy)

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2013/150397 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Martino Amodio ◽

Gianluigi de Gennaro ◽

Annalisa Marzocca ◽

Livia Trizio ◽

Maria Tutino

Keyword(s):

Cancer Risk ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Traffic Density ◽

Diagnostic Ratios ◽

Vehicular Traffic ◽

Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽

Benzene Toluene ◽

The City

An annual monitoring campaign of VOCs, consisting of twelve sampling periods, was carried out from June 2008 to June 2009 in Modugno, a city located in the Apulia region (Southern Italy), in order to assess the urban air quality, identify the main emission sources, and quantify the cancer and no-cancer risk attributable to inhalation exposures. Monitoring, carried out by using the Radiello diffusive samplers, was conducted in eleven sampling sites throughout the city taking into account the traffic density and the architecture of the city. From the study of the data, it was found that, among all considered VOCs, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) are the pollutants at higher concentration. The analysis of VOC concentrations, the study of the topography of the city, and the use of different diagnostic ratios between the BTEX species showed that the vehicular traffic emissions were the predominant source of VOCs in the urban area of Modugno. Despite that the annual concentration of benzene is lower than the regulatory limit, the estimation of cancer risk showed that the global lifetime cancer risk attributed to the investigated VOC exposure was not negligible and therefore should be taken into account in future regulatory approaches.

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Late Pleistocene soft-sediment deformation structure interpreted as seismites in paralic deposits in the City of Bari (Apulian Foreland, southern Italy)

Ancient seismites ◽

10.1130/0-8137-2359-0.75 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Massimo Moretti ◽

Piero Pieri ◽

Marcello Tropeano

Keyword(s):

Late Pleistocene ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Soft Sediment ◽

Deformation Structure ◽

Sediment Deformation ◽

Soft Sediment Deformation ◽

The City

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Urban Magic: Concluding Remarks

From Neighborhoods to Nations ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691126852.003.0010 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Yannis M. Ioannides

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Social Interactions ◽

Physical Space ◽

Urban Infrastructure ◽

The Other ◽

Urban Networks ◽

Social Fabric ◽

The One ◽

The City

This chapter considers the prospect of a deeper understanding of social interactions in urban settings as well as their significance for the functioning and future role of cities and regions. It introduces broader sets of tools for exploring the properties of urban networks, from the lowest microscale up to the highest levels of aggregation. Graph theory, for example, offers a promising means of elucidating the urban social fabric and the interactions that define it, and more specifically the link between urban infrastructure and aspatial social networks. The chapter also compares individuals and their social interactions to an archipelago, a metaphor that offers a picture of the magic of the city. It concludes by emphasizing the interdependence between the creation of cities over physical space, on the one hand, and the urban archipelago and its internal social and economic structures, which are man-made, on the other.

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