scholarly journals Microbial Communities in Vermiculation Deposits from an Alpine Cave

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valme Jurado ◽  
Jose Luis Gonzalez-Pimentel ◽  
Ana Zelia Miller ◽  
Bernardo Hermosin ◽  
Ilenia M. D’Angeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Italian Alps ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Metabolic Traits ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Bacterial Groups

Morgana Cave is located in Val di Scerscen, Central Italian Alps. The cave opens at an altitude of 2,600 m a.s.l. close to the retreating glacier Vedretto di Scerscen, and its entrance was discovered 30 years ago hidden underneath the glacier. A characteristic of this cave is the occurrence of vermiculation deposits on the walls and ceiling. In general, the composition of the microbial communities in cave vermiculations is relatively unknown and rarely investigated. Here we present the data of a geomicrobiological study of vermiculations from an Alpine cave subjected to extreme climate conditions. The microbial communities were dominated by 13 main phyla of Bacteria, and contained a negligible percentage (<1%) of Archaea. The two major bacterial classes were Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria, whose metabolic traits were mainly associated with the nitrogen cycle. In addition, psychrophilic and methanotrophic bacterial groups were identified. The occurrence of a large number of uncultured members, at the lowest taxonomic ranks, indicated the presence of still unexplored microbial taxa in the vermiculations.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Railway Ground-Borne Noise and Vibration Mitigation Methods Using Geosynthetics, Metamaterials and Ground Improvement

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakdirat Kaewunruen ◽  
Victor Martin
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Vibration Mitigation ◽  
Noise And Vibration ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Mitigation Methods ◽  
The Impact

Significant increase in the demand for freight and passenger transports by trains pushes the railway authorities and train companies to increase the speed, the axle load and the number of train carriages/wagons. All of these actions increase ground-borne noise and vibrations that negatively affect people who work, stay, or reside nearby the railway lines. In order to mitigate these phenomena, many techniques have been developed and studied but there is a serious lack of life-cycle information regarding such the methods in order to make a well-informed and sustainable decision. The aim of this study is to evaluate the life-cycle performance of mitigation methods that can enhance sustainability and efficacy in the railway industry. The emphasis of this study is placed on new methods for ground-borne noise and vibration mitigation including metamaterials, geosynthetics, and ground improvement. To benchmark all of these methods, identical baseline assumptions and the life-cycle analysis over 50 years have been adopted where relevant. This study also evaluates and highlights the impact of extreme climate conditions on the life-cycle cost of each method. It is found that the anti-resonator method is the most expensive methods compared with the others whilst the use of geogrids (for subgrade stiffening) is relatively reliable when used in combination with ground improvements. The adverse climate has also played a significant role in all of the methods. However, it was found that sustainable methods, which are less sensitive to extreme climate, are associated with the applications of geosynthetic materials such as geogrids, composites, etc.

How could a difference of 0.5°C in global warming modify the mean and extreme climate conditions around Antarctica?

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (14) ◽  
pp. 6067-6079
Author(s):  
Ramiro I. Saurral ◽  
Gabriela A. Raggio ◽  
Carla N. Gulizia
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
The Mean

Glaciermelt of a small basin contributing to runoff under the extreme climate conditions in the summer of 2003

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1010-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gernot R. Koboltschnig ◽  
Wolfgang Schöner ◽  
Hubert Holzmann ◽  
Massimiliano Zappa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Small Basin

scholarly journals Human-Biometeorological Assessment of Urban Structures in Extreme Climate Conditions: The Example of Birobidzhan, Russian Far East

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Paul Bauche ◽  
Elena A. Grigorieva ◽  
Andreas Matzarakis
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
The Difference

The study shows the effect of urban structures on human thermal comfort indices in the extreme climate region of the Russian Far East, with an annual temperature range of . The study examines different urban zones in Birobidzhan, the capital city of the Jewish Autonomous Region (JAR). The climate of this region can be characterized as continental monsoon climate. The difference of thermal values for three zones with different vegetation and build-up density shows the influence of urban planning on the local microclimate. The moderating effect of dense build-up and inner city vegetation on extreme thermal conditions becomes clear when comparing all zones. Through the analysis of daily and monthly timelines it was possible to determine preferable times of the day for inner city outdoor activities. From the results derived from PET with a total of 170 days per year with PET values below Birobidzhan can be considered a region of extreme cold stress. This means that an adaptation based solely on behaviour and clothing is not sufficient, but an adaptation of the urban surroundings and therefore the identification and choice of preferable urban structures is necessary.

scholarly journals Determination of allelopathic potentials in plant species in Sino-Japanese floristic region by sandwich method and dish pack method

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwame Appiah ◽  
Zhenhao Li ◽  
Ren-sen Zeng ◽  
Shiming Luo ◽  
Yosei Oikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Radicle Elongation ◽  
Sandwich Method ◽  
Endemic Plant Species

<p>The Sino-Japanese Floristic Region appears as one of the major centers of development of higher plants. This region have been relevant for the study of evolution and systematics of many flowering plants. The taxonomic richness of endemic plant species in this region have survived several years of extreme climate conditions. Endemic mountainous plant species that have survived extreme climate conditions are of allelopathic and medicinal interest. For this reason, 251 plant species collected from the Sino-Japanese Floristic Region were screened for allelopathic plant species. Sandwich method and dish pack method were respectively used to screen plant leaf leachates and volatile materials with lettuce (<em>Lactuca sativa</em> CV. Great Lakes 366) as receptor plant. Among the 84 species that showed inhibitory effect on lettuce radicle elongation in our sandwich bioassay, <em>Photinia glabra </em>showed complete inhibition of lettuce radicle elongation (0% radicle elongation). In the dish pack bioassay, <em>Photinia glabra</em>, <em>Liquidambar styraciflua</em>, and <em>Cinnamomum camphora</em> (90.6%, 61.4%, and 50.2% respectively) were among the nine species that were observed with strong inhibitory effect on lettuce radicle growth. On the other hand, nine other species promoted lettuce radicle growth when compared to the control. <em>Aesculus turbinata</em> and <em>Quercus gilva</em> were the species with the highest growth stimulatory effect (33.0% and 16.1% respectively). We hereby present <em>Photinia glabra </em>as an allelopathic candidate species for both leachate and volatile compounds.</p>

The minimum social guarantee of employees’ wages in Russia: 2020-2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-490
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Migranova ◽  
Raisa Popova
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Federal Minimum Wage ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Set Up

In 2021 the methodological approaches to the assessment of the minimum wage and the subsistence minimum level (SML) undergone significant changes. According to federal law No 473-FZ of December 29, 2020, these minimum social guarantees are to be calculated relative to the median wage (at 42%) and the median per capita income (at 44.2%) for the past year. This article reviews the changes in the minimum social guarantees as regards employees’ wages in Russia and its regions in the past two years. A new methodology for estimating the median wages had not been developed by the start of 2021. According to Law No 473-FZ the federal minimum wage was set using the Pension Fund data at the rate of 12792 rubles per month. The majority of regions used the federal minimum wage as the basis for defining regional minimum wages. A comparative analysis of regional minimum wages in 2020 and 2021 was carried out for two groups of regions, the regions with regular climate conditions and the regions with special (extreme) climate conditions where the regional coefficient for wages is applied. The analysis shows that in 2021 the minimum wage increased by 5,5% compared to 2020 in most regions. The exception is 11 regions of the Russian Federation, where the minimum wage was set at an increased rate compared to the federal level. The article analyses the ratio of the minimum wage and means wage of all employees in 45 regions of the Russian Federation with normal climate conditions and in 16 regions with extreme climate conditions, where a unified rayon coefficient is set up at the territory of the region. The dynamics of this indicator allows for estimating the trends in wage inequality

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