scholarly journals Performance and Signal Quality Analysis of Electrocardiogram Textile Electrodes for Smart Apparel Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Le ◽  
Amir Servati ◽  
Saeid Soltanian ◽  
Peyman Servati ◽  
Frank Ko
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Textile Electrodes ◽  
Textile Electrode

Electronic textile (e-textile) systems applied to biological signal monitoring are of great interest to the healthcare industry, given the potential to provide continuous and long-term monitoring of healthy individuals and patients. Most developments in e-textiles have focused on novel materials and systems without systematic considerations into how the hierarchical structure of fibrous assemblies may influence performance and compatibility of the materials during use. This study examines mechanisms underlying the stability and quality of textile-based electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes used in a smart bra. Signal quality of the biometric data obtained affects feedback and user experience and may be influenced by characteristics and properties of the material. Under stationary and dynamic conditions, analysis of the raw ECG signal and heart rate, with respect to textile-electrode material properties have been performed. Currently, there is no standardized procedure to compare the ECG signal between electrode materials. In this study, several methods have been applied to compare differences between silver-based textile electrodes and silver/silver-chloride gel electrodes. The comparison methods serve to complement visual observations of the ECG signal acquired, as possible quantitative means to differentiate electrode materials and their performance. From the results obtained, signal quality, and heart rate (HR) detection were found to improve with increased skin contact, and textile structures with lower stretch and surface resistance, especially under dynamic/movement test conditions. It was found that the performance of the textile electrode materials compared exceeded ECG signal quality thresholds previously established for acceptable signal quality, specifically for the kurtosis (K > 5), and Pearson correlation coefficients (r ≥ 0.66) taken from average ECG waveforms calculated.

A comfortability and signal quality study of conductive weave electrodes in long-term collection of human electrocardiographs

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 2098-2112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueliang Xiao ◽  
Ke Dong ◽  
Chenhao Li ◽  
Guanzheng Wu ◽  
Hongtao Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Contact Impedance ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Textile Electrodes

Long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) recording can reveal some vital cardiovascular disorders and provide warning of human sudden cerebral or vascular diseases in advance. This requires high-quality ECG skin electrodes. Gel (Ag/AgCl) electrodes were reported to have good signal quality in ECG acquisition, but easily caused human skin irritation or allergy. Consequently, textile electrodes have attracted more attention for long-term ECG acquisition. In this paper, eight woven fabrics with diverse yarns and weft densities were fabricated in plain and honeycomb structures. The fabrics were investigated in terms of comfortability, fabric–skin contact impedance and acquired bio-signal quality. Honeycomb weave electrodes were measured with a high comfort level from subjective and objective views, including pleasant tactile comfort, high visual acceptance, good air permeability and good heat transfer. Weave electrodes made of all conductive filaments in high density had low skin contact impedance and high-quality ECG signals. An increase of compression load on weave electrodes resulted in a decrease of contact impedance with a high signal quality. A conductive honeycomb weave with unit repeat of 6*6 warps*wefts presented the highest score of acquired ECG signals of all studied electrodes based on the qualities of the QRS complex, P and T waves, R peak amplitude and variation and signal-to-noise ratio. This study contributes to the future design and fabrication of textile electrodes using honeycomb weave in long-term and real-time collection of human ECGs.

scholarly journals Development of Washable Silver Printed Textile Electrodes for Long-Term ECG Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6233
Author(s):  
Abreha Bayrau Nigusse ◽  
Benny Malengier ◽  
Desalegn Alemu Mengistie ◽  
Granch Berhe Tseghai ◽  
Lieva Van Langenhove
Keyword(s):  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
Textile Electrodes ◽  
Elastic Strap ◽  
Silver Silver ◽  
Silver Silver Chloride

Long-term electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring is very essential for the early detection and treatment of cardiovascular disorders. However, commercially used silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes have drawbacks, and these become more obvious during long-term signal monitoring, making them inconvenient for this use. In this study, we developed silver printed textile electrodes from knitted cotton and polyester fabric for ECG monitoring. The surface resistance of printed electrodes was 1.64 Ω/sq for cotton and 1.78 Ω/sq for polyester electrodes. The ECG detection performance of the electrodes was studied by placing three electrodes around the wrist where the electrodes were embedded on an elastic strap with Velcro. The ECG signals collected using textile electrodes had a comparable waveform to those acquired using standard Ag/AgCl electrodes with a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 33.10, 30.17, and 33.52 dB for signals collected from cotton, polyester, and Ag/AgCl electrodes, respectively. The signal quality increased as the tightness of the elastic strap increased. Signals acquired at 15 mmHg pressure level with the textile electrodes provided a similar quality to those acquired using standard electrodes. Interestingly, the textile electrodes gave acceptable signal quality even after ten washing cycles.

scholarly journals Textile-Friendly Interconnection between Wearable Measurement Instrumentation and Sensorized Garments—Initial Performance Evaluation for Electrocardiogram Recordings

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 4426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Seoane ◽  
Azadeh Soroudi ◽  
Ke Lu ◽  
David Nilsson ◽  
Marie Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Textile Electrodes ◽  
Ecg Amplifier ◽  
Electronic Instrumentation ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Cable Connection

The interconnection between hard electronics and soft textiles remains a noteworthy challenge in regard to the mass production of textile–electronic integrated products such as sensorized garments. The current solutions for this challenge usually have problems with size, flexibility, cost, or complexity of assembly. In this paper, we present a solution with a stretchable and conductive carbon nanotube (CNT)-based paste for screen printing on a textile substrate to produce interconnectors between electronic instrumentation and a sensorized garment. The prototype connectors were evaluated via electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings using a sensorized textile with integrated textile electrodes. The ECG recordings obtained using the connectors were evaluated for signal quality and heart rate detection performance in comparison to ECG recordings obtained with standard pre-gelled Ag/AgCl electrodes and direct cable connection to the ECG amplifier. The results suggest that the ECG recordings obtained with the CNT paste connector are of equivalent quality to those recorded using a silver paste connector or a direct cable and are suitable for the purpose of heart rate detection.

RR interval signal quality of a heart rate monitor and an ECG Holter at rest and during exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (7) ◽  
pp. 1525-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahel Gilgen-Ammann ◽  
Theresa Schweizer ◽  
Thomas Wyss
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Heart Rate Monitor ◽  
Rr Interval

scholarly journals Assessing the Quality of Heart Rate Variability Estimated from Wrist and Finger PPG: A Novel Approach Based on Cross-Mapping Method

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3156
Author(s):  
Mimma Nardelli ◽  
Nicola Vanello ◽  
Guenda Galperti ◽  
Alberto Greco ◽  
Enzo Pasquale Scilingo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Pulse Rate Variability ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Field Sensor

The non-invasiveness of photoplethysmographic (PPG) acquisition systems, together with their cost-effectiveness and easiness of connection with IoT technologies, is opening up to the possibility of their widespread use. For this reason, the study of the reliability of PPG and pulse rate variability (PRV) signal quality has become of great scientific, technological, and commercial interest. In this field, sensor location has been demonstrated to play a crucial role. The goal of this study was to investigate PPG and PRV signal quality acquired from two body locations: finger and wrist. We simultaneously acquired the PPG and electrocardiographic (ECG) signals from sixteen healthy subjects (aged 28.5 ± 3.5, seven females) who followed an experimental protocol of affective stimulation through visual stimuli. Statistical tests demonstrated that PPG signals acquired from the wrist and the finger presented different signal quality indexes (kurtosis and Shannon entropy), with higher values for the wrist-PPG. Then we propose to apply the cross-mapping (CM) approach as a new method to quantify the PRV signal quality. We found that the performance achieved using the two sites was significantly different in all the experimental sessions (p < 0.01), and the PRV dynamics acquired from the finger were the most similar to heart rate variability (HRV) dynamics.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF TEXTILE ELECTRODES FOR EMG MEASUREMENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-235
Author(s):  
Pedro Felipe Pereira da Fonseca ◽  
Márcio Borgonovo-Santos ◽  
André Catarino ◽  
Miguel Velhote Correia ◽  
João Paulo Vilas-Boas
Keyword(s):  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Frequency Responses ◽  
Textile Electrodes ◽  
Wearable Systems ◽  
Textile Electrode ◽  
Easy Integration ◽  
Electromyographic Signals ◽  
Interesting Development

Textile electrodes are an alternative to conventional silver-chloride electrodes in wearable systems. Their easy integration in garments and comfort provided to the user make them an interesting development of textile engineering. The potential of such electrodes to allow more unobtrusive data collection in health and sports context may enable the development of biosensing garments to be used in biomechanics. However, proper validation of the recorded signals is paramount, and few studies have yet presented consistent methodologies for textile-based electromyographic recordings. This study presents the validation of the electrical and morphological properties of electromyographic signals recorded with textile electrode, in comparison to conventional silver-chloride electrodes. Results indicate that both sets of electrodes have identical signal-to-noise ratios, but with distinct impedance frequency responses. Electromyographic envelope morphologies are also identical, although textile electrodes usually have lower amplitudes.

scholarly journals Signal Quality Analysis Using G-Nettrack Pro in Malang City

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
Dania Sartika Anggraeni ◽  
Aisah Aisah ◽  
Abdul Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Lte Networks ◽  
Data Services ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Wireless Telecommunication ◽  
Base Transceiver Station

Currently, wireless telecommunication networks (wireless) have developed very rapidly. To meet the demands of today's mobile users for data rate transfer and data services. The application of LTE technology has been intensively carried out in several countries, including Indonesia. The problem that is often faced is the limited coverage area of ??the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) so that not all areas can be covered by the 4G network. Based on this background, this thesis will analyze the performance and signal quality of LTE networks in Malang City. This measurement is done using the G-Nettrack Pro application and the parameters to be measured in this study are RSRQ, RSRP, SINR and Throughput. The location of eNodeB used for research is in 2 Districts in Malang City. From the measurement results of the drive test, it was found that the area of ??Sawojajar and Malang City had a max RSRP value of -64 dBm, a min RSRP of -105 dBm, an average RSRP of -83.2 dBm in the Very good category. RSRQ max -6 dB, min RSRQ -11 dB, and average RSRQ -10.05 dB in the Normal category. SINR max 25 dB, SINR min -3 dB, and SINR average 9.65 dB in the Good category. Uplink max 14546 kbps, Uplink min 0, and an average Uplink 19.96 kbps in the Very bad category. Downlink max 15564 kbps, Downlink min 0, and downlink average 28.6 kbps in the Very bad category.

Monitoring Nocturnal Heart Rate with Bed Sensor

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (04) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Kortelainen ◽  
J. Pärkkä ◽  
M. Tenhunen ◽  
S. L. Himanen ◽  
A. M. Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Beat Detection ◽  
The One

SummaryIntroduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Biosignal Interpretation: Advanced Methods for Studying Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems”.Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the reliability of the estimated Nocturnal Heart Rate (HR), recorded through a bed sensor, compared with the one obtained from standard electrocardiography (ECG).Methods: Twenty-eight sleep deprived patients were recorded for one night each through matrix of piezoelectric sensors, integrated into the mattress, through polysomnography (PSG) simultaneously. The two recording methods have been compared in terms of signal quality and differences in heart beat detection.Results: On average, coverage of 92.7% of the total sleep time was obtained for the bed sensor, testifying the good quality of the recordings. The average beat-to-beat error of the inter-beat intervals was 1.06%. These results suggest a good overall signal quality, however, considering fast heart rates (HR > 100 bpm), performances were worse: in fact, the sensitivity in the heart beat detection was 28.4% while the false positive rate was 3.8% which means that a large amount of fast beats were not detected.Conclusions: The accuracy of the measurements made using the bed sensor has less than 10% of failure rate especially in periods with HR lower than 70 bpm. For fast heart beats the uncertainty increases. This can be explained by the change in morphology of the bed sensor signal in correspondence of a higher HR.

scholarly journals Design rationale and performance evaluation of Wavelet Health Wristband: bench-top validation of a wrist-worn physiological signal recorder (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Dur ◽  
Colleen Rhoades ◽  
Sally Man Suen Ng ◽  
Ragwa Elsayed ◽  
Reinier van Mourik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Physiological Signal ◽  
And Performance

BACKGROUND Wearable and connected health devices along with the recent advances in mobile and cloud computing provide a continuous, convenient-to-patient and scalable way to collect personal health data remotely. The Wavelet Health Platform and the Wavelet Wristband have been developed to capture multiple physiological signals and to derive biometrics from these signals including resting heart rate, heart rate variability, and respiration rate. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the biometrics estimates and signal quality of the wristband. METHODS Measurements collected from 35 subjects using the Wavelet Wristband were compared with simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram and spirometry measurements. RESULTS The heart rate, heart rate variability (SDNN) and respiration rate estimates matched within 0.6 ± 0.9 bpm, 7 ± 10 ms and 1 ± 1 brpm mean absolute deviation of the reference measurements, respectively. The quality of the raw plethysmography signal collected by the wristband, as determined by the harmonic-to-noise ratio, was comparable to that obtained from measurements from a finger-clip plethysmography device. CONCLUSIONS The accuracy of the biometrics estimates and high signal quality indicate that the Wristband PPG device is suitable for performing pulse wave analysis and measuring vital signs.

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