scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF TEXTILE ELECTRODES FOR EMG MEASUREMENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-235
Author(s):  
Pedro Felipe Pereira da Fonseca ◽  
Márcio Borgonovo-Santos ◽  
André Catarino ◽  
Miguel Velhote Correia ◽  
João Paulo Vilas-Boas
Keyword(s):  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Frequency Responses ◽  
Textile Electrodes ◽  
Wearable Systems ◽  
Textile Electrode ◽  
Easy Integration ◽  
Electromyographic Signals ◽  
Interesting Development

Textile electrodes are an alternative to conventional silver-chloride electrodes in wearable systems. Their easy integration in garments and comfort provided to the user make them an interesting development of textile engineering. The potential of such electrodes to allow more unobtrusive data collection in health and sports context may enable the development of biosensing garments to be used in biomechanics. However, proper validation of the recorded signals is paramount, and few studies have yet presented consistent methodologies for textile-based electromyographic recordings. This study presents the validation of the electrical and morphological properties of electromyographic signals recorded with textile electrode, in comparison to conventional silver-chloride electrodes. Results indicate that both sets of electrodes have identical signal-to-noise ratios, but with distinct impedance frequency responses. Electromyographic envelope morphologies are also identical, although textile electrodes usually have lower amplitudes.

scholarly journals Characterization of organic solar cells using semiconducting polymers with different bandgaps

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 636-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Borazan ◽  
Yasin Altin ◽  
Ali Demir ◽  
Ayse Celik Bedeloglu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wide Bandgap ◽  
Semiconducting Polymers ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Low Bandgap ◽  
Absorbing Layer ◽  
Easy Integration

Abstract Polymer-based organic solar cells are of great interest as they can be produced with low-cost techniques and also have many interesting features such as flexibility, graded transparency, easy integration, and lightness. However, conventional wide bandgap polymers used for the light-absorbing layer significantly affect the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells because they collect sunlight in a given spectrum range and due to their limited stability. Therefore, in this study, polymers with different bandgaps were used, which could allow for the production of more stable and efficient organic solar cells: P3HT as the wide bandgap polymer, and PTB7 and PCDTBT as low bandgap polymers. These polymers with different bandgaps were combined with PCBM to obtain increased efficiency and optimum photoactive layer in the organic solar cell. The obtained devices were characterized by measuring optical, photoelectrical, and morphological properties. Solar cells using the PTB7 and PCDTBT polymers had more rough surfaces than the reference cell using P3HT. The use of low-bandgap polymers improved Isc significantly, and when combined with P3HT, a higher Voc was obtained.

scholarly journals Performance and Signal Quality Analysis of Electrocardiogram Textile Electrodes for Smart Apparel Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Le ◽  
Amir Servati ◽  
Saeid Soltanian ◽  
Peyman Servati ◽  
Frank Ko
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Textile Electrodes ◽  
Textile Electrode

Electronic textile (e-textile) systems applied to biological signal monitoring are of great interest to the healthcare industry, given the potential to provide continuous and long-term monitoring of healthy individuals and patients. Most developments in e-textiles have focused on novel materials and systems without systematic considerations into how the hierarchical structure of fibrous assemblies may influence performance and compatibility of the materials during use. This study examines mechanisms underlying the stability and quality of textile-based electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes used in a smart bra. Signal quality of the biometric data obtained affects feedback and user experience and may be influenced by characteristics and properties of the material. Under stationary and dynamic conditions, analysis of the raw ECG signal and heart rate, with respect to textile-electrode material properties have been performed. Currently, there is no standardized procedure to compare the ECG signal between electrode materials. In this study, several methods have been applied to compare differences between silver-based textile electrodes and silver/silver-chloride gel electrodes. The comparison methods serve to complement visual observations of the ECG signal acquired, as possible quantitative means to differentiate electrode materials and their performance. From the results obtained, signal quality, and heart rate (HR) detection were found to improve with increased skin contact, and textile structures with lower stretch and surface resistance, especially under dynamic/movement test conditions. It was found that the performance of the textile electrode materials compared exceeded ECG signal quality thresholds previously established for acceptable signal quality, specifically for the kurtosis (K > 5), and Pearson correlation coefficients (r ≥ 0.66) taken from average ECG waveforms calculated.

Characterization of Tamm-Horsfall Urinary Glycoprotein

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 420-421
Author(s):  
John P. Robinson ◽  
J. David Puett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm ◽  
Urinary Glycoprotein

Much work has been reported on the chemical, physical and morphological properties of urinary Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THG). Although it was once reported that cystic fibrotic (CF) individuals had a defective THG, more recent data indicate that THG and CF-THG are similar if not identical.No studies on the conformational aspects have been reported on this glycoprotein using circular dichroism (CD). We examined the secondary structure of THG and derivatives under various conditions and have correlated these results with quaternary structure using electron microscopy.THG was prepared from normal adult males and CF-THG from a 16-year old CF female by the method of Tamm and Horsfall. CF female by the method of Tamm and Horsfall.

Characterization of molecular, physicochemical, and morphological properties of starch isolated from germinated highland barley

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 101052
Author(s):  
Waleed AL-Ansi ◽  
Amer Ali Mahdi ◽  
Qais Ali Al-Maqtari ◽  
Bilal Mushtaq Sajid ◽  
Abduqader Al-Adeeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Highland Barley

Synthesis of Bimetallic AuPt Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution and Electrocatalytic Activity

2005 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter N. Njoki ◽  
Jin Luo ◽  
Aisley Jacob ◽  
Rizwan Munawar ◽  
Bilal Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Electrocatalytic Activity ◽  
Bimetallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Rotating Disk Electrode ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Nanoparticle Catalysts ◽  
Bimetallic Nanoparticle

ABSTRACTThe ability to control composition and size in the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles is important for the exploitation of the bimetallic catalytic properties. This paper reports recent findings of an investigation of the synthesis of gold-platinum (AuPt) bimetallic nanoparticles in aqueous solution via reduction of AuCl4− and PtCl42− using a combination of reducing and capping agents. In addition to characterization of the morphological properties of the AuPt nanoparticles using TEM and XRD, the electrocatalytic activity of the carbon-supported AuPt nanoparticle catalysts was also examined for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using the rotating disk electrode (RDE) technique. The findings have implications to the design of bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts for fuel cell reactions.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of Z-scheme heterostructure CoWO4/g-C3N4 as a visible-light photocatalyst for removal of organic pollutant

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Hai Pham Viet ◽  
Anh Dao Thi Ngoc ◽  
Viet Nguyen Minh ◽  
Ha Tran Thi Viet ◽  
Dang Do Van ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Photogenerated Electron ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
Visible Light Photocatalyst ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities

In this study, direct Z–scheme heterostructure CoWO4/g-C3N4 was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological properties of the prepared samples were characterised by XRD, SEM, UV–Vis and PL measurements. The as-obtained heterostructure CoWO4/g-C3N4 exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activities toward the degradation of Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation with 92% Rhodamine B removal after 80 minutes irritation, which exceeded pristine g-C3N4 and CoWO4. The enhanced photocatalytic performance ascribed to interfacial contact between g-C3N4 and CoWO4, thus further inhibiting the recombination of photogenerated electron/hole pairs. It is anticipated that the construction of Z–scheme heterostructure CoWO4/g-C3N4 is an effective strategy to develop high-performance photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants in water.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria from treated latex processing wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Farrah Aini Dahalan ◽  
Nor Azizah Parmin
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining

A preliminary morphological screening and isolation of bacterial colony from latex industrial wastewater was carried out. Bacteria colonies from latex processing wastewater were isolated from a local latex processing industry. It was found that 17 bacterial isolates had been purified grown on nutrient agar under 35˚C. The colonies were then purified and morphologically indicated via Gram staining and motility test. After morphological observation, it was identified that out of 17 isolates, 9 isolates were Gram positive and 8 isolates were Gram negative. There are 11 out of 17 colonies were rod-shaped bacterial colonies, while the other 6 colonies were cocci-shaped bacteria. There were 11 colonies of gliding bacteria, three colonies were non-motile bacteria and the other three colonies were flagellated bacteria. This study is only limited to morphological observation as the main aim of this study was to investigate the potential occurrence of viable growth in treated latex processing wastewater. The bacterial colonies were classified base on their morphological properties shown. This study has classified several genera such as Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Thiobacillus, Arthrobacter and other Genus. The growth curve of 17 isolates studied and the chemical oxygen demand were determined.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification and Molecular Characterization of Nocardiopsaceae Producing Novel Antibiotics From Soil Samples in Bingol, Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Samer Abuzerr ◽  
Kate Zinszer ◽  
Syamand Ahmed Qadir ◽  
Ekrem Atalan ◽  
Halgord Ali M. Farag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
16S Rdna Gene ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Immense Potential

There is growing interest in the antimicrobial discovery of life-threatening multidrug-resistant pathogens. The study was undertaken to isolate, identify, and characterize antibiotic-producing actinomycetaceae, particularly nocadisosaceae, from soil samples of Bingol, Turkey. Soil samples were collected from three different regions of Bingol, Turkey. The physicochemical analysis of the soil samples was immediately measured using standard methods. This was followed by isolation of Nocardiopsaceae, nutritional tests, chemotaxonomic analysis, and molecular characterization. The isolated organisms showed morphological properties consistent with the Nocardiopsaceae soil bacteria.  The 16s rDNA gene sequence indicated a similarity between the strains with 99.86% which was Nocardiopsaceae synnemata-formans. The BLAST hits had a significant e-value of 0.005. The results of the present study revealed that soil Nocardiopsaceae of Bingol appears to have immense potential as a source of antibacterial compounds.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Oil Palm Waste Nanoparticles on the Properties and Characterization of Hybrid Plywood Biocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Nuryawan ◽  
C. Abdullah ◽  
Che Hazwan ◽  
N. Olaiya ◽  
Esam Yahya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Oil Palm Trunk ◽  
Stability Performance ◽  
Properties And Characterization

Using oil palm trunk (OPT) layered with empty fruit bunch (EFB), so-called hybrid plywood enhanced with palm oil ash nanoparticles, with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin as a binder, was produced in this study. The phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins filled with different loading of oil palm ash (OPA) nanoparticles were prepared and used as glue for layers of the oil palm trunk (OPT) veneer and empty fruit bunch fibre mat. The resulting hybrid plywood produced was characterised. The physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the hybrid plywood panels were investigated. The results obtained showed that the presence of OPA nanoparticles significantly affected the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the plywood panels. Significant improvements in dimension from water absorption and thickness swelling experiments were obtained for the plywood panels with the highest OPA nanoparticles loading in PF resin. The mechanical properties indicated that plywood composites showed improvement in flexural, shear, and impact properties until a certain loading of OPA nanoparticles in PF resin. Fracture surface morphology also showed the effectiveness of OPA nanoparticles in the reduction of layer breakage due to force and stress distribution. The thermal stability performance showed that PF filled OPA nanoparticles contributed to the thermal stability of the plywood panels. Therefore, the results obtained in this study showed that OPA nanoparticles certainly improved the characteristic of the hybrid plywood.

scholarly journals An Efficient and Novel Ammonia Sensor Based on Polypyrrole/Tin Oxide/MWCNT Nanocomposite

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1505-1510
Author(s):  
Ahmad Husain ◽  
Mohd Urooj Shariq ◽  
Anees Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ammonia Sensing ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

In present study, the synthesis and characterization of a novel polypyrrole (PPy)/tin oxide (SnO2)/MWCNT nanocomposite along with pristine polypyrrole is reported. These materials have been studied for their structural and morphological properties by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. PPy/SnO2/MWCNT nanocomposite has been converted into a pellet-shaped sensor, and its ammonia sensing studies were carried out by calculating the variation in the DC electrical conductivity at different concentration of ammonia ranging from 10 to 1500 ppm. The sensing response of the sensor was determined at 1500, 1000, 500, 200, 100 and 10 ppm and found to be 70.4, 66.1, 62.2, 55.4, 50.8 and 39.7%, respectively The sensor showed a complete reversibility at lower concentrations along with excellent selectivity and stability. Finally, a sensing mechanism was also proposed involving polarons (charge carriers) of polypyrrole and lone pairs of ammonia molecules

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