wireless telecommunication
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2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
J. Divakaran ◽  
Somashekhar Malipatil ◽  
Tareeq Zaid ◽  
M. Pushpalatha ◽  
Vilaskumar Patil ◽  
...  

With increasing advancements in the field of telecommunication, the attainment of a higher data transfer rate is essentially a greater need to meet high-performance communication. The exploitation of the fuzzy system in the wireless telecommunication systems, especially in Fifth Generation Mobile Networks (or) 5G networks is a vital paradigm in telecommunication markets. A comprehensive survey is dealt in the paper, where it initially reviews the basic understanding of fuzzy systems over 5G telecommunication. The literature studies are collected from various repositories that include reference materials, Internet, and other books. The collection of articles is based on empirical or evidence-based from various peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, dissertations, and theses. Most of the existing soft computing models are streamlined to certain applications of 5G networking. Firstly, it is hence essential to provide the readers to find research gaps and new innovative models on wide varied applications of 5G. Secondly, it deals with the scenarios in which the fuzzy systems are developed under the 5G platform. Thirdly, it discusses the applicability of fuzzy logic systems on various 5G telecommunication applications. Finally, the paper derives the conclusions associated with various studies on the fuzzy systems that have been utilized for the improvement of 5G telecommunication systems.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anukul Nath ◽  
Hilloljyoti Singha ◽  
Bibhuti Prasad Lahkar

Abstract The persisting growth of wireless telecommunication technology causes increased electrosmog. Exposure to wide-ranging radiofrequency electromagnetic fields is thought to be a concern for all the living species across the globe. Studies have shown possible effects of electromagnetic radiation on various organisms including electromagnetic radiation risk on birds, but the outcomes were inconsistent. Here, we investigated if there is any impact of electromagnetic radiation on the abundance and habitat use of sympatric House Sparrow and Tree Sparrow in Guwahati City, India. In addition, we did a comparative analysis of previous work that had been conducted on possible effects of EMR on wild birds in field condition. We collected sparrow abundance in selected urbanization gradients temporally over a period of two years in 45 locations and spatially covering 168 locations in the eastern part of Guwahati City. Point counts were carried out, and successively we measured the electromagnetic radiation along with other ecological covariates. It was observed that ecological variables contributed significant variation to explain the habitat use of sparrows in Guwahati City compared to electromagnetic radiation. We observed that House Sparrow had quadratic relationship and Tree sparrow had negative association with increasing urbanization. Studies carried out in the past on the impacts of electromagnetic radiation on birds outside the lab condition had not considered other ecological covariates, which could also influence the life history needs of the bird species. Our study emphasized that the ecological covariates should be taken into consideration while studying the effect of electromagnetic radiation on wild organisms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olukayode James Adelaja ◽  
Adeolu Taiwo Ande ◽  
Gafar Deji Abdulraheem ◽  
Isaac Ayanfe Oluwakorode ◽  
Olushola Abel Oladipo ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The preponderant use of wireless telecommunication in the twenty-first century has enabled ease and efficient communication and a pervasive occurrence of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) that has significantly impacted the ecosystem. This study looks at the effect of radiations from wireless telecommunication EMF on the distribution, diversity and abundance of some insects in Nigeria. The study was undertaken in Ilorin, Kwara State, which is located in the Guinea Savannah belt of Nigeria. The chosen choice of study area was one with a telecommunication mast devoid of residential and human interference within a 10 km radius. Five sampling stations were selected around the mast and a control station. EMR intensity levels and pollinating insect number were monitored daily for 22 weeks using an acoustimeter and malaise traps. Collected insects were identified morphologically using appropriate keys. Results The mean electromagnetic radiation (EMR) intensity was significantly (P < 0.05) highest (1.58 ± 1.52 V/m) at sampling station B, and there was an increase in EMR intensity as the radius reduced around the mast. A total of 1878 insects were recovered from the study with the dominant species in terms of abundance of insects collected from the study being Musca domestica (0.39) followed by Apis mellifera (0.31) and Locusta migratoria (0.30), while the least dominant species Tetramorium caespitum (0.23). Conclusions Indeed, EMR intensity has an effect on the distribution, diversity and abundance of insects and there is a need to reduce the number of masts in use in the environment by encouraging telecommunication service providers to jointly use the same mast in an area for broadcast.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 012084
Author(s):  
Lesnov Ilya ◽  
Vdovin Vyacheslav

Abstract The work is devoted to the actual problem of data rate of wireless telecommunication channels. Presented analysis of the telecommunication channel subterahertz (subTHz) frequency range - as the most promising band for the implementation of wireless telecommunications for space links and terrestrial cellular communications of high capacity. A channel considered as a combination of high effective transponder / transmitter duplex together with an open high dissipative atmospheric line. The means to achieve a high signal / noise ratio is usage of low-noise cryogenic receivers. The theoretical analysis of data rates for various atmospheric conditions and technical implementations of communication channels demonstrated reasonable limits of cooling of receivers, providing a weighty increase channel capacity, while deeper cooling is impractical due to weather restrictions in certain ranges and conditions of signal propagation, including altitude and seasonal features.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.O. Yunevich ◽  
◽  
V.I. Kalinin ◽  
V.D. Kotov ◽  
V.E. Lyubchenko ◽  
...  

Microwave solid-state oscillators of noise-like signals are of the great interest for wireless telecommunication systems, imaging systems and electronic warfare. In the paper, the possibility of power combining in the array of three independent noise-like oscillators is investigated. The noise-like oscillators are based on the microstrip log-periodic antennas which are integrated with field-effect transistors. As an active element, NE350184С field-effect transistor with 13.5 dB gain at 12 GHz is chosen. It was previously shown that single-frequency, multifrequency or noise-like generations are possible in the active antennas. The main factors that affect the generation type are the current in the drain-source circuit of the transistor and the distance between the antenna plane and reflecting screen. It is experimentally shown, that using of the noise-like oscillator arrays makes possible the spectrum and power combining, but the construction is not enough stable and reliable.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedighe Nasrollahi ◽  
Seyed Masoud Mirrezaei

Abstract It is predicted that the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in communication systems will be more extensive in future generations of wireless telecommunication networks, due to their facilitating advantages. In this paper, a UAV-based wireless communication system is considered in which a UAV is employed as a relay to connect two ground users. These two disconnected users make a communication pair. Our aim is to maximize the minimum achievable information rate for the communication link between the transmitter and receiver, by cooperatively optimizing UAV trajectory and transmitter and source power allocation. Motivated by the above, we formulate the optimization problem. The solving process is complicated because of the non-convexity of the formulated problem. To overcome this difficulty, we convert the main problem to some sub-problems by fixing some constraints and solve them with iterative algorithms such as successive convex optimization and reach the solution for the main problem. Simulation results show the capability of the proposed algorithm.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Taravati ◽  
George V. Eleftheriades

AbstractNonreciprocal radiation refers to electromagnetic wave radiation in which a structure provides different responses under the change of the direction of the incident field. Modern wireless telecommunication systems demand versatile apparatuses which are capable of full-duplex nonreciprocal wave processing and amplification, especially in the reflective state. To realize such a functionality, we propose an architecture in which a chain of series cascaded radiating patches are integrated with nonreciprocal phase shifters, providing an original and efficient apparatus for full-duplex reflective beamsteering. Such an ultrathin reflective metasurface can provide directive and diverse radiation beams, large wave amplification, steerable beams by simply changing the bias of the gradient active nonmagnetic nonreciprocal phase shifters, and is immune to undesired time harmonics. Having accomplished all these functionalities in the reflective state, the metasurface represents a conspicuous apparatus for efficient, controllable and programmable wave engineering.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6246
Author(s):  
Paweł Komorowski ◽  
Patrycja Czerwińska ◽  
Mateusz Kaluza ◽  
Mateusz Surma ◽  
Przemysław Zagrajek ◽  
...  

Recently, one of the most commonly discussed applications of terahertz radiation is wireless telecommunication. It is believed that the future 6G systems will utilize this frequency range. Although the exact technology of future telecommunication systems is not yet known, it is certain that methods for increasing their bandwidth should be investigated in advance. In this paper, we present the diffractive optical elements for the frequency division multiplexing of terahertz waves. The structures have been designed as a combination of a binary phase grating and a converging diffractive lens. The grating allows for differentiating the frequencies, while the lens assures separation and focusing at the finite distance. Designed structures have been manufactured from polyamide PA12 using the SLS 3D printer and verified experimentally. Simulations and experimental results are shown for different focal lengths. Moreover, parallel data transmission is shown for two channels of different carrier frequencies propagating in the same optical path. The designed structure allowed for detecting both signals independently without observable crosstalk. The proposed diffractive elements can work in a wide range of terahertz and sub-terahertz frequencies, depending on the design assumptions. Therefore, they can be considered as an appealing solution, regardless of the band finally used by the future telecommunication systems.


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