Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Patients Treated with Alemtuzumab for Multiple Sclerosis: An Example of Selective Anti-TSH-Receptor Immune Response

The past few years have been actively discussing the role of individual macro- and micronutrients as factors regulating the functional activity of organs and systems and reducing the risk of developing a number of diseases, including thyroid diseases. Selenium is one of the most important and intensively studied at present microelements. According to several studies, its low plasma level is associated with an increased risk of developing autoimmune thyroid diseases. In animal experiments, it was shown that a combined deficiency of selenium and iodine leads to more pronounced hypothyroidism than iodine deficiency alone. Some authors believe that cretinism in the newborn is a consequence of the combined deficiency of these two elements in the mother. It is also important that the optimal level of selenium is necessary both to initiate an immune response and to regulate an excessive immune response, as well as chronic inflammation. The review article discusses the relationship between selenium and thyroid pathology, discusses the role of selenium in the physiology of the thyroid gland and in the development of autoimmune diseases. The biochemical aspects of the pathogenesis of thyroid disease are presented.

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Current Evidence on the Efficacy of Gluten-Free Diets in Multiple Sclerosis, Psoriasis, Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12082316 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2316

Author(s):

Moschoula Passali ◽

Knud Josefsen ◽

Jette Lautrup Frederiksen ◽

Julie Christine Antvorskov

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Gliadin Antibodies

In this review, we summarize the clinical data addressing a potential role for gluten in multiple sclerosis (MS), psoriasis, type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATDs). Furthermore, data on the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) and gluten-related antibodies in the above patient groups are presented. Adequately powered and properly controlled intervention trials investigating the effects of a gluten-free diet (GFD) in non-celiac patients with MS, psoriasis, T1D or ATDs are lacking. Only one clinical trial has studied the effects of a GFD among patients with MS. The trial found significant results, but it is subject to major methodological limitations. A few publications have found beneficial effects of a GFD in a subgroup of patients with psoriasis that were seropositive for anti-gliadin or deamidated gliadin antibodies, but no effects were seen among seronegative patients. Studies on the role of gluten in T1D are contradictive, however, it seems likely that a GFD may contribute to normalizing metabolic control without affecting levels of islet autoantibodies. Lastly, the effects of a GFD in non-celiac patients with ATDs have not been studied yet, but some publications report that thyroid-related antibodies respond to a GFD in patients with concomitant CD and ATDs. Overall, there is currently not enough evidence to recommend a GFD to non-celiac patients with MS, psoriasis, ATDs or T1D.

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Heterogenous nature of TSH-receptor antibodies in hypothyroid patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases

Pathophysiology ◽

10.1016/0928-4680(94)90758-7 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 370

Author(s):

K. Kasagi ◽

S. Miyamoto ◽

R. Takeuchi ◽

T. Misaki ◽

J. Konishi

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Tsh Receptor ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Receptor Antibodies ◽

Hypothyroid Patients ◽

Tsh Receptor Antibodies

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Significance of Circulating Anti-Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Receptor Antibodies in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

Journal of UOEH ◽

10.7888/juoeh.11.393 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 393-401

Author(s):

Takashi FUJIHIRA

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Tsh Receptor ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Receptor Antibodies ◽

Tsh Receptor Antibodies ◽

Stimulating Hormone

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The value of central regulators of the immune response in the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases

Problems of Endocrinology ◽

10.14341/probl10304 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (6) ◽

pp. 458-465

Author(s):

Ekaterina A. Troshina ◽

Evgeniya S. Senyushkina

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Number Of Factors ◽

Complex Process ◽

Wide Range

The specific relationship between the endocrine and immune systems is represented by a numerous number of factors and mechanisms that form the structure and ensure the function of each of the two systems. For example, immunocompetent cells can produce immunologically active substances, as well as some hormones. On the other hand, immune cells are available to the effects of endogenous hormones. Currently, the so-called cross-regulation of endocrine and immune mechanisms in an equilibrium of pro-and anti-inflammatory responses has not been sufficiently studied. Among other autoimmune lesions, autoimmune thyreopathy occupies a significant place. The development of an autoimmune lesion of the thyroid gland is a complex process, which is the result of the interaction of infiltrating lymphocyte and thyrocyte tissue that can express a wide range of molecules involved in the immune response. Immunological and immunogenetic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as autoimmune thyroiditis and Graves disease. Despite the fact that more than 100 years have passed since the first description of autoimmune thyroiditis and Graves disease has been known for many centuries, the mechanisms of these pathologies are still not fully understood.

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The influence of thyrostatic drugs on the immune response in autoimmune thyroid diseases

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.109s084 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 110 (1_Suppla) ◽

pp. S84

Author(s):

J. TEUBER ◽

U. SCHWEDES ◽

K. H. USADEL ◽

O. DIETZ ◽

E. MÄSER

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid

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Pendrin Is a Novel Autoantigen Recognized by Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2008-1732 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 442-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Akio Yoshida ◽

Ichiro Hisatome ◽

Shinichi Taniguchi ◽

Yasuaki Shirayoshi ◽

Yasutaka Yamamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽

Sodium Iodide ◽

Chloride Transport ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Tsh Receptor ◽

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Sodium Iodide Symporter ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid

Abstract Context: Pendrin is an apical protein of thyroid follicular cells, responsible for the efflux of iodide into the follicular lumen via an iodide-chloride transport mechanism. It is unknown whether pendrin is recognized by autoantibodies. Objective: Our objective was to examine the prevalence of pendrin antibodies in autoimmune thyroid diseases and compare with that of thyroglobulin, thyroperoxidase, TSH receptor, and sodium iodide symporter antibodies. Design: In a prevalent case-control study, we analyzed the sera of 140 autoimmune thyroid disease cases (100 with Graves’ disease and 40 with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) and 80 controls (50 healthy subjects, 10 patients with papillary thyroid cancer, 10 with systemic lupus erythematosus, and 10 with rheumatoid arthritis). Pendrin antibodies were measured by immunoblotting using extract of COS-7 cells transfected with pendrin and a rabbit polyclonal pendrin antibody. Results: Pendrin antibodies were found in 81% of the cases and 9% of controls (odds ratio = 44; P < 0.0001). Among cases, pendrin antibodies were more frequent and of higher titers in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis than in Graves’ disease. Pendrin antibodies correlated significantly with thyroglobulin, thyroperoxidase, and sodium iodide symporter antibodies but not with TSH receptor antibodies. Pendrin antibodies were equally effective as thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase antibodies in diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases, especially Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Conclusions: The study identifies pendrin as a novel autoantigen recognized by patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases and proposes the use of pendrin antibodies as an accurate diagnostic tool.

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