scholarly journals Gonadotropins at Advanced Age - Perhaps They Are Not So Bad? Correlations Between Gonadotropins and Sarcopenia Indicators in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Guligowska ◽  
Zuzanna Chrzastek ◽  
Marek Pawlikowski ◽  
Malgorzata Pigłowska ◽  
Hanna Pisarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Female Community ◽  
Age Related ◽  
European Working

Many hormones fluctuate during the aging process. It has been suggested that gonadotropins, which increase with age, contribute to the occurrence of many diseases and syndromes in older life, such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, frailty syndrome and osteoporosis. This study aims to assess the relationship between circulating gonadotropins and other hormones potentially contributing to age-related functional decline and sarcopenia indicators in 39 male and 61 female community-dwelling seniors, mean age 80 years. According to the definition developed by the second European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), the following indicators of the sarcopenia were assessed: bioimpedance-measured body composition, gait speed, handgrip strength, timed up and go test (TUG), chair stand test, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and cortisol were also measured. In the men, FSH and partially LH correlated positively with muscle mass percentage, gait speed, handgrip strength and SPPB, and negatively with percent body fat. Additionally, testosterone and DHEAS correlated negatively with the percentage of fat mass in men. Whereas in the women, FSH and LH were mainly negatively associated with body mass and adipose tissue measures. Cortisol did not show any relationship with the examined indicators. The study shows that the indicators of sarcopenia are strongly associated with levels of gonadotropins, sex hormones and DHEAS, especially in older men. The obtained results, after being confirmed in a larger group, may modify prevention and treatment strategies of sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNA-486 and MicroRNA-146a Serve as Potential Biomarkers of Sarcopenia in the Elderly

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang-Chun Liu ◽  
Der‐Sheng Han ◽  
Chih-Chin Hsu ◽  
Jong-Shyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gait Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Circulating Microrna ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Muscular Function

Abstract Background: Age-related sarcopenia meaningfully increases the risks of functional limitations and mortality in the elderly. Although circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) are associated with aging-related cellular senescence and inflammation, the relationships between c-miRNAs and sarcopenia in the elderly remain unclear. This study investigates whether circulating myo-miRNAs and inflammation-related miRNAs are associated with sarcopenia in the elderly. Methods: This investigation recruited 77 eligible subjects (41 males and 36 females) from 597 community-dwelling older adults, and then divided into normal (n=24), dynapenic (loss of muscular function without mass, n=35), and sarcopenic groups (loss of muscular function with mass, n=18). Moreover, myo- (c-miRNA-133a and c-miRNA-486) and inflammation- (c-miRNA-21 and c-miRNA-146a) related miRNAs, as well as, inflammatory-related cytokine and peroxide levels in plasma were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, respectively. Results: Sarcopenic group exhibited lesser skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), handgrip strength, and gait speed, as well as, lower c-miR-486 and c-miR-146a levels, compared to those of normal and dynapenic groups. Moreover, c-miR-486 level was positively related to SMI (r=0.334, P=0.003), whereas c-miR-146a level was positively associated with SMI (r=0.240, P=0.035) and handgrip strength (r=0.253, P=0.027). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis for predicting sarcopenia, the area under the curve in c-miR-486 was 0.708 (95% confidence interval: 0.561-0.855, P=0.008) and c-miR-146a was 0.676 (95% CI: 0.551-0.801, P=0.024). However, no significant relationships were observed between SMI/handgrip strength/gait speed and plasma myeloperoxidase/interleukin-1𝛽/interleukin-6 levels. Conclusions: Myo-miRNA (c-miR-486) and inflammation-related miRNA (c-miR-146a) are superior to inflammatory peroxide/cytokines in plasma for serving as critical biomarkers of age-related sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Association Between Platelet, White Blood Cell Count, Platelet To White Blood Cell Ratio and Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Focus On Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Gholizade ◽  
Akram Farhadi ◽  
Maryam Marzban ◽  
Mehdi Mahmudpour ◽  
Iraj Nabipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
European Working ◽  
Elderly Health

Abstract Background Sarcopenia is a progressive age-related skeletal muscle disorder associated with harmful impacts on health. The present study aimed to investigate the relation between sarcopenia, platelet (PLT), white blood cell (WBC), and PLT to WBC ratio (PWR) due to the importance of early sarcopenia diagnosis. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted based on the second stage of the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program. Sarcopenia was defined based on the revised edition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) in accordance with the Iranian cut-off point. Univariate and adjusted multivariate logistic regression and linear regression were used to evaluate the associations. Results The prevalence of sarcopenia among participants was 35.73 %. PLT count and PWR were statistically higher in severe sarcopenic participants, while no differences were seen in WBC. In crude analysis, sarcopenia was not associated with quartiles of PLT, WBC, and PWR, while after adjusting for age, marital status, and sex, the association was seen in the fourth quartile of PLT and PWR [OR (95%CI) = 1.40 (1.08 to 1.81), p-value = 0.009 for PLT; OR (95%CI) = 1.55 (1.20 to 2.00), p-value = 0.001 for PWR]. This association remained significant in the fully adjusted model [OR (95%CI) = 1.92 (1.25 to 2.95), p-value = 0.003 for PLT; OR (95%CI) = 1.64 (1.06 to 2.52), p-value = 0.024 for PWR]. Among sarcopenia parameters, PLT count was more likely to be associated with handgrip strength and muscle mass. After stratifying the participants by gender, sarcopenia parameters were no longer statistically significant in men. Conclusion This study showed that PLT and PWR were associated with sarcopenia after considering confounding factors, while this association was not seen in WBC. Moreover, results showed that gender had an important impact on sarcopenia parameters.

scholarly journals Associations of sarcopenia components with physical activity and nutrition in Australian older adults performing exercise training

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Akehurst ◽  
David Scott ◽  
Juan Peña Rodriguez ◽  
Carol Alonso Gonzalez ◽  
Jasmaine Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go

Abstract Background The risk of progressive declines in skeletal muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia, increases with age, physical inactivity and poor diet. The purpose of this study was to explore and compare associations of sarcopenia components with self-reported physical activity and nutrition in older adults participating in resistance training at Helsinki University Research [HUR] and conventional gyms for over a year, once a week, on average. Methods The study looked at differences between HUR (n = 3) and conventional (n = 1) gyms. Muscle strength (via handgrip strength and chair stands), appendicular lean mass (ALM; via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and physical performance (via gait speed over a 4-m distance, short physical performance battery, timed up and go and 400-m walk tests) were evaluated in 80 community-dwelling older adults (mean ± SD 76.5 ± 6.5 years). Pearson correlations explored associations for sarcopenia components with self-reported physical activity (via Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly [PASE]) and nutrition (via Australian Eating Survey). Results No differences in PASE and the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) were observed between HUR and conventional gyms, however HUR gym participants had a significantly higher self-reported protein intake (108 ± 39 g vs 88 ± 27 g; p = 0.029) and a trend to have higher energy intake (9698 ± 3006 kJ vs 8266 ± 2904 kJ; p = 0.055). In both gym groups, gait speed was positively associated with self-reported physical activity (r = 0.275; p = 0.039 and r = 0.423; p = 0.044 for HUR and conventional gyms, respectively). ALM was positively associated with protein (p = 0.047, r = 0.418) and energy (p = 0.038, r = 0.435) intake in the conventional gym group. Similar associations were observed for ALM/h2 in the HUR group. None of the sarcopenia components were associated with ARFS in either gym group. Conclusion Older adults attending HUR and conventional gyms had similar self-reported function and nutrition (but not protein intake). Inadequate physical activity was associated with low gait speed and inadequate nutrition and low protein ingestion associated with low lean mas, even in older adults participating in exercise programs. Optimal physical activity and nutrition are important for maintaining muscle mass and function in older adults.

scholarly journals Validation of the of Mid-Thigh Bone, Muscle and Fat Mass by Densitometry as a Sensitive and Practical Region of Interest for the Diagnosis of Tissue Loss Syndromes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Bani Hassan ◽  
Fernan Munandar Putra ◽  
Sara Vogrin ◽  
Julie A Pasco ◽  
Mark A Kotowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Timed Up And Go

Abstract Purpose: The prevalence of musculoskeletal tissue loss syndromes (osteoporosis and sarcopenia), as well as obesity and their combinations, is on the rise. Previous reports indicate mid-thigh dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is well-suited for the simultaneous assessment of bone, muscle, and fat mass in a single scan.Methods: Using DXA images of 1322 community-dwelling adults (57% women, age 58.2 ± 15.6 SD), bone, lean and fat mass were quantified in five regions of interest (ROIs): a) a 2.6 cm; and b) a 13 cm thick slice of mid-thigh; c) whole thigh; d) whole calf; and e) forearm. Conventional indices of tissue mass i.e. appendicular lean mass, hip, and spine bone mineral density (BMD) and total, gynoid and android fat mass, were also calculated. Their associations with muscle strength (handgrip strength) and performance (timed-up-and-go [TUG] and gait speed), as well as falls and fractures, were investigated.Results: Lean mass in all ROIs was well-correlated with outcomes, and according to regression analyses, lean mass explained two-thirds, a third and a quarter of the variability in the handgrip strength (r2= 0.63 to 0.64, p<0.001), TUG (r2= 0.34 to 0.37, p<0.001) and gait speed (r2= 0.25 to 0.27, p<0.001), respectively. Lean masses were negatively associated with falls only when corrected for BMI. In the ≥60yo cohort, only mid-thigh lean mass corrected for BMI was associated with decreased odds of falls (24%, p=0.029). In all assessed ROIs, BMD was associated with the number of incident fractures within five years (OR= 0.72 to 0.93, p=0.034 to <0.001). Increased fat mass was associated with increased TUG time and decreased odds of fractures. Muscle indices corrected for BMI performed better, compared to those uncorrected or corrected for height2.Conclusion: Compared to the conventional indices and four other ROIs, mid-thigh tissue masses were associated with markers of muscle performance. Mid-thigh BMD and lean mass were superior and showed more consistent and more robust associations with adverse outcomes (falls and fractures), particularly in the older population.

scholarly journals Real-world gait speed estimation, frailty and handgrip strength: a cohort-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Soltani ◽  
Nazanin Abolhassani ◽  
Pedro Marques-Vidal ◽  
Kamiar Aminian ◽  
Peter Vollenweider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related

AbstractGait speed is a reliable outcome measure across multiple diagnoses, recognized as the 6th vital sign. The focus of the present study was on assessment of gait speed in long-term real-life settings with the aim to: (1) demonstrate feasibility in large cohort studies, using data recorded with a wrist-worn accelerometer device; (2) investigate whether the walking speed assessed in the real-world is consistent with expected trends, and associated with clinical scores such as frailty/handgrip strength. This cross-sectional study included n = 2809 participants (1508 women, 1301 men, [45–75] years old), monitored with a wrist-worn device for 13 consecutive days. Validated algorithms were used to detect the gait bouts and estimate speed. A set of metrics were derived from the statistical distribution of speed of gait bouts categorized by duration (short, medium, long). The estimated usual gait speed (1–1.6 m/s) appears consistent with normative values and expected trends with age, gender, BMI and physical activity levels. Speed metrics significantly improved detection of frailty: AUC increase from 0.763 (no speed metrics) to 0.798, 0.800 and 0.793 for the 95th percentile of individual’s gait speed for bout durations < 30, 30–120 and > 120 s, respectively (all p < 0.001). Similarly, speed metrics also improved the prediction of handgrip strength: AUC increase from 0.669 (no speed metrics) to 0.696, 0.696 and 0.691 for the 95th percentile of individual’s gait speed for bout durations < 30, 30–120 and > 120 s, respectively (all p < 0.001). Forward stepwise regression showed that the 95th percentile speed of gait bouts with medium duration (30–120 s) to be the best predictor for both conditions. The study provides evidence that real-world gait speed can be estimated using a wrist-worn wearable system, and can be used as reliable indicator of age-related functional decline.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people of Mexico City using the EGWSOP (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People) diagnostic criteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Claudia Espinel-Bermúdez ◽  
Eliseo Ramírez-García ◽  
Carmen García-Peña ◽  
Antoni Salvà-Casanovas ◽  
Liliana Ruiz-Arregui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
European Working ◽  
Community Dwelling Older People ◽  
Mexican Adults

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people living in Mexico City using the EGWSOP (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People) diagnostic criteria that include muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance.Methods: The sample population was based on older people (≥60 years) affiliated with the Mexican Institute of Social Security in Mexico City. Data were derived from the database of the “Cohort of Obesity, Sarcopenia and Frailty of Older Mexican Adults” (COSFOMA). Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the EGWSOP criteria: gait speed (4 m) <0.8 m/s; handgrip strength (using a dynamometer) <20 kg in females or <30 kg in males, and muscle mass index (MMI) <6.1 kg/m2 in females or <8.5 kg/m2 in males (using bioimpedance analysis).Results: Thousand hundred seventy-seven subjects were included (median age 68.4 years, 60.2% females). 20.5% had low gait speed (19.1% females and 22.6% males); 62.4% had low handgrip strength (69.9% females and 51.2% males) and 12.3% had low muscle mass (9.9% females and 16.0% males). Only 9.9% of older people with sarcopenia (9.0% females and 11.1% males): 1.9% with severe sarcopenia (1.4% females and 2.6% males) and 8.0% with moderate sarcopenia (7.6% females and 8.5% males).Conclusions: Sarcopenia is present in one of ten community-dwelling older people residing in Mexico City. According to what has been reported in the literature, the prevalence of sarcopenia in older Mexican adults is similar to the community-dwelling population.

scholarly journals Associations of Sarcopenia Components With Physical Activity and Nutrition in Australian Older Adults Performing Exercise Training

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Akehurst ◽  
David Scott ◽  
Juan Peña Rodriguez ◽  
Carol Alonso Gonzalez ◽  
Jasmaine Alyce Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Pearson Correlations

Abstract Background: The risk of progressive declines in skeletal muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia, increases with age, physical inactivity and poor diet. The purpose of this study was to explore associations of sarcopenia components with self-reported physical activity and nutrition in older adults participating in resistance training at conventional or Helsinki University Research [HUR] gyms. Methods: Muscle strength (via handgrip strength and chair stands), appendicular lean mass [ALM] (via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and physical performance (via gait speed over a 4-metre distance, short physical performance battery, timed up and go and 400-metre walk tests) were evaluated in a cohort study of 80 community-dwelling older adults (mean±SD 76.5B6.5 years). Pearson correlations explored associations for sarcopenia components with self-reported physical activity (via Physical Activity Scale for Elderly [PASE]) and nutrition (via Australian Eating Survey), with higher scores indicative of greater physical activity levels and better nutrition, respectively. Results: No differences in PASE were observed between HUR and conventional gyms, however HUR gym participants had a significantly higher self-reported protein intake and a trend (p = 0.055) to have higher energy intake. In both gym groups, gait speed was positively associated with self-reported physical activity (r = 0.275; p = 0.039 and r = 0.423; p = 0.044 for HUR and conventional gyms, respectively). ALM was positively associated with protein (p = 0.047, r = 0.418) and energy (p = 0.038, r = 0.435) intake in the conventional gym group. Similar associations were observed for ALM/h2 in the HUR group. None of the sarcopenia components were associated with the Australian Recommended Food Score (derived from the Australian Eating Survey) in either gym group.

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNA-486 and MicroRNA-146a serve as potential biomarkers of sarcopenia in the older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang-Chun Liu ◽  
Der-Sheng Han ◽  
Chih-Chin Hsu ◽  
Jong-Shyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Circulating Microrna ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Muscular Function

Abstract Background Age-related sarcopenia meaningfully increases the risks of functional limitations and mortality in the older adults. Although circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) are associated with aging-related cellular senescence and inflammation, the relationships between c-miRNAs and sarcopenia in the older adults remain unclear. This study investigates whether circulating myo-miRNAs and inflammation-related miRNAs are associated with sarcopenia in the older adults. Methods This investigation recruited 77 eligible subjects (41 males and 36 females) from 597 community-dwelling older adults, and then divided them into normal (n = 24), dynapenic (loss of muscular function without mass, n = 35), and sarcopenic groups (loss of muscular function with mass, n = 18). Moreover, myo- (c-miRNA-133a and c-miRNA-486) and inflammation- (c-miRNA-21 and c-miRNA-146a) related miRNAs, as well as, inflammatory-related cytokine and peroxide levels in plasma were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, respectively. Results Sarcopenic group exhibited lesser skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), handgrip strength, and gait speed, as well as, lower c-miR-486 and c-miR-146a levels, compared to those of normal and dynapenic groups. Moreover, c-miR-486 level was positively related to SMI (r = 0.334, P = 0.003), whereas c-miR-146a level was positively associated with SMI (r = 0.240, P = 0.035) and handgrip strength (r = 0.253, P = 0.027). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis for predicting sarcopenia, the area under the curve in c-miR-486 was 0.708 (95% confidence interval: 0.561–0.855, P = 0.008) and c-miR-146a was 0.676 (95% CI: 0.551–0.801, P = 0.024). However, no significant relationships were observed between SMI/handgrip strength/gait speed and plasma myeloperoxidase/interleukin-1훽/interleukin-6 levels. Conclusions Myo-miRNA (c-miR-486) and inflammation-related miRNA (c-miR-146a) are superior to inflammatory peroxide/cytokines in plasma for serving as critical biomarkers of age-related sarcopenia.

EFFECTS OF COMPUTERIZED COGNITIVE TRAINING ON GAIT SPEED IN COMMUNITY DWELLING OLDER ADULTS, A PILOT STUDY

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
J. Blackwood ◽  
T. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Computerized Cognitive Training ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Improved Function ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: In older adults declines in gait speed have been identified as predictors of functional decline and have been found in those with cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive training interventions that emphasize addressing executive function (EF) have resulted in a transfer effect from training cognitive processes into improved function. However research examining the effects of an EF specific computerized cognitive training (CCT) program on gait speed (GS) is limited. Objectives: To compare the effects of a six week EF specific CCT program on GS in community dwelling older adults using a pretest/posttest experimental design with subgroup comparisons based on a cutoff GS of 1.0m/s. Setting: Home based Participants: Forty independent living older adults (>65 years) without diagnosed cognitive impairment participated in either the intervention or control groups. Intervention: A six week long progressively challenging EF focused CCT program was performed at home. Measurements: Demographic variables, cognitive function (Trail-Making Test Part B) and GS were measured at baseline at week 7. Between group comparisons were completed for the whole sample initially with subgroup comparisons performed based on participants’ initial GS (Slow walkers: GS<1.0m/s; Fast Walkers: GS>1.0m/s). Results: No differences in GS were found for the whole population, but subgroup analyses restricted to slow walkers demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in GS after 6 weeks of CCT (µ =0.33 m/s, p = 0.03). Other outcomes measures were not statistically different at posttest. Conclusions: Older adults who walk at speeds <1.0m/s may benefit from a progressively challenging CCT program when self-administered in the home.

GAIT SPEED AND HANDGRIP STRENGTH AS PREDICTORS OF INCIDENT DISABILITY IN MEXICAN OLDER ADULTS

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
T. LOPEZ-TEROS ◽  
L.M. GUTIERREZ-ROBLEDO ◽  
M.U. PEREZ-ZEPEDA
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
One Year

Physical performance tests are associated with different adverse outcomes in older people. Theobjective of this study was to test the association between handgrip strength and gait speed with incidentdisability in community-dwelling, well-functioning, Mexican older adults (age ≥70 years). Incident disability wasdefined as the onset of any difficulty in basic or instrumental activities of daily living. Of a total of 133participants, 52.6% (n=70) experienced incident disability during one year of follow-up. Significant associationsof handgrip strength (odds ratio [OR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.93-0.99) and gait speed (OR0.27, 95%CI 0.07-0.99) with incident disability were reported. The inclusion of covariates in the models reducedthe statistical significance of the associations without substantially modifying the magnitude of them. Handgripstrength and gait speed are independently associated with incident disability in Mexican older adults.

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