Comparative Technoeconomic Analysis of Using Waste and Virgin Cooking Oils for Biodiesel Production

This study aims to provide the technoeconomic aspects of two clean processes for biodiesel production. The first process utilizes waste cooking oil as a feedstock and potassium hydroxide as a homogeneous catalyst. The second process uses cement kiln dust heterogeneous catalyst and virgin soybean oil. A comparison was performed between the results of the technical and economic assessments to determine the more feasible process. Theoretical purities of biodiesel and glycerol obtained upon conducting the simulation of both processes are high, i.e., 99.99%. However, the homogeneous process is economically superior as its payback period is slightly more than 1 year while the return on investment is higher than 74%, and the unit production cost is USD 1.067/kg biodiesel. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the profitability of biodiesel production is very sensitive to the feedstock price and recommends shifting toward waste vegetable oils as a cheap feedstock to have a feasible and economic process.

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Evaluation of Shell-Derived Calcium Oxide Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel Esters from Cooking Oils

Academic Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.32861/ajc.61.20.27 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 20-27

Author(s):

Ngee Sing Chong ◽

Francis Uchenna Okejiri ◽

Saidi Abdulramoni ◽

Shruthi Perna ◽

Beng Guat Ooi

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxide ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

X Ray ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Synthesis ◽

Cooking Oils ◽

The Cost ◽

Percentage Conversion

Due to the high cost of feedstock and catalyst in biodiesel production, the viability of the biodiesel industry has been dependent on government subsidies or tax incentives. In order to reduce the cost of production, food wastes including eggshells and oyster shells have been used to prepare calcium oxide (CaO) catalysts for the transesterification reaction of biodiesel synthesis. The shells were calcined at 1000 °C for 4 hours to obtain CaO powders which were investigated as catalysts for the transesterification of waste cooking oil. The catalysts were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Reaction parameters such as methanol-to-oil molar ratio, CaO catalyst concentration, and reaction time were evaluated and optimized for the percentage conversion of cooking oil to biodiesel esters. The oyster-based CaO showed better catalytic activity when compared to the eggshell-based CaO under the same set of reaction conditions.

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Esterification of high FFA content waste cooking oil through different techniques including the utilization of cement kiln dust as a heterogeneous catalyst: A comparative study

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118519 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 279 ◽

pp. 118519 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eslam G. Al-Sakkari ◽

Omar M. Abdeldayem ◽

S.T. El-Sheltawy ◽

Magdi F. Abadir ◽

Ahmed Soliman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Cement Kiln Dust ◽

Cement Kiln ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Kiln Dust

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Optimization of the biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using homogeneous catalyst and heterogeneous catalysts

Materials Today Proceedings ◽

10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.332 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

J. Vaishnavi Sree ◽

Boddu Akhil Chowdary ◽

Kottu Santosh Kumar ◽

Mohana Preethi Anbazhagan ◽

Sindhu Subramanian

Keyword(s):

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Homogeneous Catalyst ◽

Cooking Oil

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Intensification of waste cooking oil transformation by transesterification and esterification reactions in oscillatory baffled and microstructured reactors for biodiesel production

Green Processing and Synthesis ◽

10.1515/gps-2014-0057 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alex Mazubert ◽

Joelle Aubin ◽

Sébastien Elgue ◽

Martine Poux

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Acid Methyl ◽

Waste Cooking Oils ◽

Microstructured Reactors ◽

Esterification Reactions ◽

Cooking Oils

AbstractThe transformation of waste cooking oils for fatty acid methyl ester production is investigated in two intensified technologies: microstructured Corning

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UTILIZATION BAYAH BANTEN ZEOLITE AS A CATALYST AND BACTERIA AS A PRETREATMENT FOR BIODIESEL FROM WASTE COOKING OIL

Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan Daerah ◽

10.37950/jkpd.v2i2.37 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 85-92

Author(s):

F. Fitriyah ◽

Frebhika Sri Puji Pangesti

Keyword(s):

Natural Zeolite ◽

Phosphorus Content ◽

Zeolite Catalyst ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Acid Number ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Homogeneous Catalyst ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Rhizopus Sp ◽

Research Show

ABSTRAK Pemanfaatan zeolit alam Bayah Banten sebagai katalis homogen dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai alternatif penggunaan katalis sintetik. Selain itu bakteri Rhizopus sp. digunakan sebagai pretreatment biokatalis dalam pemanfaatan minyak jelantah untuk pembuatan biodiesel. Hal ini akan memberikan beberapa keuntungan, yaitu dapat mereduksi limbah minyak jelantah, mengurangi biaya produksi pembuatan bahan bakar serta memanfaatkan kekayaan alam terutama yang terdapat di Provinsi Banten. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari metode pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak jelantah menggunakan katalis zeolit alam Bayah dan biokatalis bakteri Rhizopus sp serta uji kualitatif dan kuantitatif standar biodiesel. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah reaksi esterifikasi/transesterifikasi minyak dengan alkohol rantai pendek melalui bantuan katalis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan minyak jelantah yang sudah diolah menjadi biodiesel, yaitu viskositas (pada suhu 40°C) sebesar 0,862 g/ml dan 29,7, kadar air 0,05 % , titiknyala 120°C, titiktuang 18°C, bilangan asam 0,49 mg KOH/g, angka setana 55, belerang 0,11 mg/kg, fosfor 1,7 mg/kg, waktu bakar 43 detik, residu 1,8 % , sisa pembakaran 9,6% telah memenuhi standar biodiesel SNI-04-7182-201 Kata Kunci : biodiesel, zeolite bayah, minyak jelantah ABSTRACT Utilization of Banten Bayah natural zeolite as a homogeneous catalyst in making biodiesel is an alternative to the use of synthetic catalysts. In addition, the bacteria Rhizopus sp., was used as a biocatalyst in waste cooking oil for the manufacture of biodiesel. This will provide several advantages, reduces waste cooking oil, reduce cost biodiesel production and utilize natural resources, especially those found in Banten Province. This study aims to study the method of making biodiesel from waste cooking oil using natural Bayah zeolite catalyst and Rhizopus sp bacterial as biocatalyst as the quantitative and quantitative standard tests of biodiesel. The methods in this study is the esterification / transesterification reaction of oil with short chain alcohols through of a catalyst. The results of this research show that waste cooking oil has been processed into biodiesel that is density and viscosity parameters (at 40°C ) is 0.862 g/mL and 29.7, 0.05% moisture content 120 ° C point, 18 ° C point, acid number is 0.49 mg KOH / g, setana number 55, sulfur content 0.11 mg / kg, phosphorus content 1.7 mg / kg, burn time 43 seconds, residue 1.8%, residual combustion 9.6% it has fulfilled the biodiesel standard SNI-04-7182-2012. Keyword : biodiesel, zeolite bayah, bacteria, cooking oil

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Influence of antioxidant addition on the emissions of a diesel engine by using waste cooking oil biodiesel

Energy & Environment ◽

10.1177/0958305x18758488 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 732-741 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Farah Halek ◽

Ali Kavousi-Rahim

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Animal Fats ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Efficient Reduction ◽

Cooking Oils

Biodiesel is a renewable energy resource consisting of the alkyl monoesters of fatty acids obtained from vegetable oils, waste cooking oils, or animal fats. Biodiesel has been noticed recently as an alternative to fossil fuels. Previous studies have shown that biodiesel produces less pollutants compared to diesel fuel. Biodiesel fuel increases the emission of NOx exceptionally. Recently, it has been found that antioxidant addition to biodiesel is a solution to solve the problem. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of antioxidants addition on the emissions of CO, HC, and NOx from biodiesel fuel. Exhaust emissions of an agriculture diesel engine were studied using biodiesel blend with a 500 ppm propyl gallate (PrG) (propyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) and butylated hydroxy anisole (BhA) (2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol) as two major antioxidants. Biodiesel used in this research was prepared through NaOH catalyzed transesterification of a waste cooking oil that originally was taken from sunflower oil, with the assistance of ultrasonic homogenizer. After biodiesel production, five blends including neat diesel, B10, B20, B20 + 500 ppm PrG, and B20+ 500 ppm BhA were used as fuel and the emitted gases were analyzed. The results of this work demonstrated that the addition of antioxidants has no significant effect on lowering CO emission, as well as lowering HC; but the addition of antioxidants results in more efficient reduction of NOx emission from diesel exhaust. In general, BhA showed better results compared to PrG.

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Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil: Characterization, Modeling and Optimization

Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry ◽

10.31603/mesi.5320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 22-30

Author(s):

Aditya Kolakoti ◽

Muji Setiyo ◽

Budi Waluyo

Keyword(s):

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Optimization Methods ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Modeling And Optimization ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Waste Cooking Oils ◽

Oil Characterization ◽

Cooking Oils

In this study, waste and discarded cooking oils (WCO) of palm, sunflower, rice bran and groundnut oils are collected from local restaurants. The high viscous WCO was converted into waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCOBD) by a single-stage transesterification process. During the transesterification process, the important parameters which show a significant change in biodiesel yield are studied using the optimization tool of response surface methodology (RSM). Results reported that 91.30% biodiesel yield was achieved within L18 experiments and NaOH catalyst was identified as the most influential parameter on WCOBD yield. Artificial Intelligence (AI) based modeling was also carried out to predict biodiesel yield. From AI modeling, a predicted yield of 92.88% was achieved, which is 1.70% higher than the RSM method. These results reveal the prediction capabilities and accuracy of the chosen modeling and optimization methods. In addition, the significant fuel properties are measured and observed within the scope of ASTM standards (ASTMD6751) and fatty acid profiles from chromatography reveal the presence of high unsaturated fatty acids in WCOBD. Therefore, utilizing the waste cooking oils for biodiesel production can mitigate the global challenges of environmental and energy paucity.

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Biodiesel Production From Waste Cooking Oil using Homogeneous Catalyst

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.21608/ejchem.2021.62395.3339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

Hussein Hamed ◽

Awad Mohammed ◽

OMAR HABEEB ◽

Obed Ali ◽

Omar Aljaf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Homogeneous Catalyst ◽

Cooking Oil

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Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia Scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil

Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia ◽

10.2174/2210681210999200728123043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Charishma Venkata Sai Anne ◽

Karthikeyan S. ◽

Arun C.

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Solid Acid ◽

Solid Acid Catalyst ◽

Acid Catalyst ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Wood Biomass ◽

Waste Wood ◽

X Ray ◽

Cooking Oil

Background: Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector Objective: In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Methods: The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield. Results: The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters. Conclusion: Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.

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