scholarly journals Methane and Nitrous Oxide Production From Agricultural Peat Soils in Relation to Drainage Level and Abiotic and Biotic Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbet Norberg ◽  
Maria Hellman ◽  
Kerstin Berglund ◽  
Sara Hallin ◽  
Örjan Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Water Saturated

Greenhouse gas emissions from drained agricultural peatlands contribute significantly to global warming. In a laboratory study using intact cores of peat soil from eight different sites in Sweden, factors controlling the emission of the greenhouse gases nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) were examined. Soil properties, and the abundance of the total microbial community (16S rRNA gene abundance), and genes encoding for functions controlling N2O emissions (bacterial and archaeal amoA, nirS, nirK, nosZI, and nosZII) were analyzed and compared against measured greenhouse gas emissions. Emissions were measured at different drainage levels, i.e., higher soil water suction values, since drainage is an important factor controlling greenhouse gas emissions from peat soils. The results showed that N2O and CH4 emissions were generally low, except for N2O emissions at near water-saturated conditions, for which three soils displayed high values and large variations in fluxes. Relationships between N2O emissions and soil properties were mainly linked to soil pH, with higher emissions at lower pH. However, specific assemblages of nitrogen cycling guilds that included nosZII, typically present in non-denitrifying N2O reducers, were detected in soils with low N2O emissions. Overall, these results indicate that both pH and biotic controls determine net N2O fluxes.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emissions from the water–air interface of a grassland river: a case study of the Xilin River

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Hao ◽  
Yu Ruihong ◽  
Zhang Zhuangzhuang ◽  
Qi Zhen ◽  
Lu Xixi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Sand Land ◽  
Very High

AbstractGreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rivers and lakes have been shown to significantly contribute to global carbon and nitrogen cycling. In spatiotemporal-variable and human-impacted rivers in the grassland region, simultaneous carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions and their relationships under the different land use types are poorly documented. This research estimated greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, N2O) emissions in the Xilin River of Inner Mongolia of China using direct measurements from 18 field campaigns under seven land use type (such as swamp, sand land, grassland, pond, reservoir, lake, waste water) conducted in 2018. The results showed that CO2 emissions were higher in June and August, mainly affected by pH and DO. Emissions of CH4 and N2O were higher in October, which were influenced by TN and TP. According to global warming potential, CO2 emissions accounted for 63.35% of the three GHG emissions, and CH4 and N2O emissions accounted for 35.98% and 0.66% in the Xilin river, respectively. Under the influence of different degrees of human-impact, the amount of CO2 emissions in the sand land type was very high, however, CH4 emissions and N2O emissions were very high in the artificial pond and the wastewater, respectively. For natural river, the greenhouse gas emissions from the reservoir and sand land were both low. The Xilin river was observed to be a source of carbon dioxide and methane, and the lake was a sink for nitrous oxide.

The use of feed supplements to reduce livestock greenhouse gas emissions: direct-fed microbials

2021 ◽  
pp. 261-286
Author(s):  
Natasha Doyle ◽  
◽  
Philiswa Mbandlwa ◽  
Sinead Leahy ◽  
Graeme Attwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Feed Supplements ◽  
Beneficial Response ◽  
On Farm

This chapter aims to outline the strategy of using feed supplements for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in ruminants, including methane (CH4), carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, given that feed intake is an important variable in predicting these emissions. Focus will be given to direct-fed microbials, a term reserved for live microbes which can be supplemented to feed to elicit a beneficial response. The viability of such methods will also be analysed for their use in large scale on-farm operations.

Fluxes of methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide in boreal lakes and potential anthropogenic effects on the aquatic greenhouse gas emissions

Chemosphere ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jari T. Huttunen ◽  
Jukka Alm ◽  
Anu Liikanen ◽  
Sari Juutinen ◽  
Tuula Larmola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Boreal Lakes ◽  
Anthropogenic Effects ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Methane Carbon

scholarly journals Methane Emissions from Subtropical and Tropical Mangrove Ecosystems in Taiwan

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Chiao-Wen Lin ◽  
Yu-Chen Kao ◽  
Meng-Chun Chou ◽  
Hsin-Hsun Wu ◽  
Chuan-Wen Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
Mangrove Soils

Mangroves are one of the blue carbon ecosystems. However, greenhouse gas emissions from mangrove soils may reduce the capacity of carbon storage in these systems. In this study, methane (CH4) fluxes and soil properties of the top 10 cm layer were determined in subtropical (Kandelia obovata) and tropical (Avicennia marina) mangrove ecosystems of Taiwan for a complete seasonal cycle. Our results demonstrate that CH4 emissions in mangroves cannot be neglected when constructing the carbon budgets and estimating the carbon storage capacity. CH4 fluxes were significantly higher in summer than in winter in the Avicennia mangroves. However, no seasonal variation in CH4 flux was observed in the Kandelia mangroves. CH4 fluxes were significantly higher in the mangrove soils of Avicennia than in the adjoining mudflats; this trend, however, was not necessarily recapitulated at Kandelia. The results of multiple regression analyses show that soil water and organic matter content were the main factors regulating the CH4 fluxes in the Kandelia mangroves. However, none of the soil parameters assessed show a significant influence on the CH4 fluxes in the Avicennia mangroves. Since pneumatophores can transport CH4 from anaerobic deep soils, this study suggests that the pneumatophores of Avicennia marina played a more important role than soil properties in affecting soil CH4 fluxes. Our results show that different mangrove tree species and related root structures may affect greenhouse gas emissions from the soils.

Future options for cultivated Nordic peat soils: Can land management and rewetting control greenhouse gas emissions?

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Kløve ◽  
Kerstin Berglund ◽  
Örjan Berglund ◽  
Simon Weldon ◽  
Marja Maljanen
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Gas Emissions

scholarly journals ESTIMATING CARBON AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN REMOTE REGIONS OF CANADA

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2021 ◽  
pp. 575-580
Author(s):  
I. Ituen ◽  
B. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Environmental Properties ◽  
Management Schemes

Abstract. Longer growing seasons in Northern Ontario are predicted, as a result of climate change. There is the expectation that there will be increased land use conversion from natural forests in Northern Ontario to capitalise on the new economic opportunities resulting from longer growing seasons. This study examines the impacts the land conversion – from forest to agricultural environment – has on the greenhouse gas emissions and soil properties. We use remote sensing technologies for detecting these changes. This paper highlights an automatic method we developed for change detection. The method was applied to the satellite data over a predominantly vegetated area of Northern Ontario for the period 2001 to 2016. The study showed how the forest air and soil properties transform over time from various land disturbances, and how subsequent management schemes affect the environmental properties such as greenhouse gas emissions and the soil carbon stock.

scholarly journals The use of agricultural soils as a source of nitrous oxide emission in selected communes of Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Paweł Wiśniewski ◽  
Mariusz Kistowski
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Carbon Economy

Abstract Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the main greenhouse gases, with a nearly 300 times greater potential to produce a greenhouse effect than carbon dioxide (CO2). Almost 80% of the annual emissions of this gas in Poland come from agriculture, and its main source is the use of agricultural soils. The study attempted to estimate the N2O emission from agricultural soils and to indicate its share in the total greenhouse gas emissions in 48 Polish communes. For this purpose, a simplified solution has been proposed which can be successfully applied by local government areas in order to assess nitrous oxide emissions, as well as to monitor the impact of actions undertaken to limit them. The estimated emission was compared with the results of the baseline greenhouse gas inventory prepared for the needs of the low-carbon economy plans adopted by the studied self-governments. This allowed us to determine the share of N2O emissions from agricultural soils in the total greenhouse gas emissions of the studied communes. The annual N2O emissions from agricultural soils in the studied communes range from 1.21 Mg N2O-N to 93.28 Mg N2O-N, and the cultivation of organic soils is its main source. The use of mineral and natural fertilisers, as well as indirect emissions from nitrogen leaching into groundwater and surface waters, are also significant. The results confirm the need to include greenhouse gas emissions from the use of agricultural soils and other agricultural sources in low-carbon economy plans.

scholarly journals Production Profile of Farms and Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4904
Author(s):  
Zofia Koloszko-Chomentowska ◽  
Leszek Sieczko ◽  
Roman Trochimczuk
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Net Value Added

The negative impact of agricultural production on the environment is manifested, above all, in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). The goals of this study were to estimate methane and nitrous oxide emissions at the level of individual farms and indicate differences in emissions depending on the type of production, and to investigate dependencies between greenhouse gas emissions and economic indicators. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions were estimated at three types of farms in Poland, based on FADN data: field crops, milk, and mixed. Data were from 2004–2018. Statistical analysis confirmed the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and economic performance. On milk farms, the value of methane and nitrous oxide emissions increased with increased net value added and farm income. Milk farms reached the highest land productivity and the highest level of income per 1 ha of farmland. On field crops farms, the relationship between net value added and farm income and methane and nitrous oxide emissions was negative. Animals remain a strong determinant of methane and nitrous oxide emissions, and the emissions at milk farms were the highest. On mixed farms, emissions result from intensive livestock and crop production. In farms of the field crops type, emissions were the lowest and mainly concerned crops.

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