scholarly journals Quantifying Tree Diversity, Carbon Stocks, and Sequestration Potential for Diverse Land Uses in Northeast India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uttam Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Om Prakash Tripathi ◽  
Arun Jyoti Nath ◽  
Sourabh Deb ◽  
Dhruba Jyoti Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Subtropical Forests ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Vegetation Carbon ◽  
The Mean

In the modern era, rapid anthropogenic activities in the vicinity of the Himalayas disturb the carbon sequestration potential resulting in climate change. For the first time, this study estimates the biomass and carbon storage potential of Northeast India’s diverse land uses through a biomass estimation model developed for this region. The mean tree density in tropical, subtropical, and temperate forests was 539, 554, and 638 trees ha−1, respectively. The mean vegetation carbon stock was the highest for temperate forests (122.09 Mg C ha−1), followed by subtropical plantations (115.45 Mg C ha−1), subtropical forests (106.01 Mg C ha−1), tropical forests (105.33 Mg C ha−1), tropical plantations (93.00 Mg C ha−1), and temperate plantations (50.10 Mg C ha−1). Among the forests, the mean soil organic carbon (SOC) stock up to 45 cm depth was the highest for tropical forests (72.54 Mg C ha−1), followed by temperate forests (63.4 Mg C ha−1) and subtropical forests (42.58 Mg C ha−1). A strong relationship between the tree basal area and biomass carbon storage was found for all land-use types. The land-use transformation from agriculture to agroforestry, and grassland to plantations increased both vegetation carbon (VC) and SOC stocks. The corresponding increase in VC and SOC was 40.80 and 43.34 Mg C ha−1, respectively, in the former, and 83.18 and 97.64 Mg C ha−1 in the latter. In general, the landscape-level estimates were drawn from site-level estimates in a given land-use type, and therefore, the corresponding values might be overestimated. Nevertheless, the results provide baseline information on carbon stock which may serve as a reference for devising appropriate land-use change policies in the region.

scholarly journals Assessing the Opportunity Cost of Carbon Stock Caused by Land-Use Changes in Taiwan

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Ming-Yun Chu ◽  
Wan-Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Market Price ◽  
The Government

As compared with conventional approaches for reducing carbon emissions, the strategies of reducing emissions from deforestations and forest degradation (REDD) can greatly reduce costs. Hence, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change regards the REDD strategies as a crucial approach to mitigate climate change. To respond to climate change, Taiwan passed the Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Management Act to control the emissions of greenhouse gases. In 2021, the Taiwan government has announced that it will achieve the carbon neutrality target by 2050. Accordingly, starting with focusing on the carbon sink, the REDD strategies have been considered a recognized and feasible strategy in Taiwan. This study analyzed the net present value and carbon storage for various land-use types to estimate the carbon stock and opportunity cost of land-use changes. When the change of agricultural land to artificial forests generated carbon stock, the opportunity cost of carbon stock was negative. Contrarily, restoring artificial forests (which refer to a kind of forest that is formed through artificial planting, cultivation, and conservation) to agricultural land would generate carbon emissions, but create additional income. Since the opportunity cost of carbon storage needs to be lower than the carbon market price so that landlords have incentives to conduct REDD+, the outcomes of this study can provide a reference for the government to set an appropriate subsidy or price for carbon sinks. It is suggested that the government should offer sufficient incentives to reforest collapsed land, and implement interventions, promote carbon trading policies, or regulate the development of agricultural land so as to maintain artificial broadleaf forests for increased carbon storage.

scholarly journals Carbon Stock and Sequestration Potential of an Agroforestry System in Sabah, Malaysia

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Normah Awang Besar ◽  
Herawandi Suardi ◽  
Mui-How Phua ◽  
Daniel James ◽  
Mazlin Bin Mokhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Total aboveground carbon (TAC) and total soil carbon stock in the agroforestry system at the Balung River Plantation, Sabah, Malaysia were investigated to scientifically support the sustaining of natural forest for mitigating global warming via reducing carbon in the atmosphere. Agroforestry, monoculture, and natural tropical forests were investigated to calculate the carbon stock and sequestration based on three different combinations of oil palm and agarwood in agroforestry systems from 2014 to 2018. These combinations were oil palm (27 years) and agarwood (seven years), oil palm (20 years) and agarwood (seven years), and oil palm (17 years) and agarwood (five years). Monoculture oil palm (16 years), oil palm (six years), and natural tropical forest were set as the control. Three randomly selected plots for agroforestry and monoculture plantation were 0.25 ha (50 × 50 m), respectively, whereas for the natural tropical forest it was 0.09 ha (30 × 30 m). A nondestructive sampling method followed by the allometric equation determined the standing biomass. Organic and shrub layers collected in a square frame (1 × 1 m) were analyzed using the CHN628 series (LECO Corp., MI, USA) for carbon content. Soil bulk density of randomly selected points within the three different layers, that is, 0 to 5, 5 to 10, and 10 to 30 cm were used to determine the total ecosystem carbon (TEC) stock in each agroforestry system which was 79.13, 85.40, and 78.28 Mg C ha−1, respectively. The TEC in the monoculture oil palm was 76.44 and 60.30 Mg C ha−1, whereas natural tropical forest had the highest TEC of 287.29 Mg C ha−1. The forest stand had the highest TEC capacity as compared with the agroforestry and monoculture systems. The impact of planting systems on the TEC showed a statistically significant difference at a 95% confidence interval for the various carbon pools among the agroforestry, monoculture, and natural tropical forests. Therefore, the forest must be sustained because of its higher capacity to store carbon in mitigating global warming.

scholarly journals Ecosystem Carbon Stock Loss after Land Use Change in Subtropical Forests in China

Forests ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaohui Fan ◽  
Fengying Guan ◽  
Xingliang Xu ◽  
David Forrester ◽  
Wu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Subtropical Forests ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon

scholarly journals Diverging land-use projections cause large variability in their impacts on ecosystems and related indicators for ecosystem services

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-351
Author(s):  
Anita D. Bayer ◽  
Richard Fuchs ◽  
Reinhard Mey ◽  
Andreas Krause ◽  
Peter H. Verburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Lulc Changes ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Vegetation Carbon

Abstract. Land-use models and integrated assessment models provide scenarios of land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes following pathways or storylines related to different socioeconomic and environmental developments. The large diversity of available scenario projections leads to a recognizable variability in impacts on land ecosystems and the levels of services provided. We evaluated 16 projections of future LULC until 2040 that reflected different assumptions regarding socioeconomic demands and modeling protocols. By using these LULC projections in a state-of-the-art dynamic global vegetation model, we simulated their effect on selected ecosystem service indicators related to ecosystem productivity and carbon sequestration potential, agricultural production and the water cycle. We found that although a common trend for agricultural expansion exists across the scenarios, where and how particular LULC changes are realized differs widely across models and scenarios. They are linked to model-specific considerations of some demands over others and their respective translation into LULC changes and also reflect the simplified or missing representation of processes related to land dynamics or other influencing factors (e.g., trade, climate change). As a result, some scenarios show questionable and possibly unrealistic features in their LULC allocations, including highly regionalized LULC changes with rates of conversion that are contrary to or exceed rates observed in the past. Across the diverging LULC projections, we identified positive global trends of net primary productivity (+10.2 % ± 1.4 %), vegetation carbon (+9.2 % ± 4.1 %), crop production (+31.2 % ± 12.2 %) and water runoff (+9.3 % ± 1.7 %), and a negative trend of soil and litter carbon stocks (−0.5 % ± 0.4 %). The variability in ecosystem service indicators across scenarios was especially high for vegetation carbon stocks and crop production. Regionally, variability was highest in tropical forest regions, especially at current forest boundaries, because of intense and strongly diverging LULC change projections in combination with high vegetation productivity dampening or amplifying the effects of climatic change. Our results emphasize that information on future changes in ecosystem functioning and the related ecosystem service indicators should be seen in light of the variability originating from diverging projections of LULC. This is necessary to allow for adequate policy support towards sustainable transformations.

scholarly journals Effect of Land Use on Organic Carbon Storage Potential of Soils with Contrasting Native Organic Matter Content

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sabina Yeasmin ◽  
Eshara Jahan ◽  
Md. Ashik Molla ◽  
A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽  
Md. Parvez Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fallow Land ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Storage Potential ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Native Organic Matter

This study aimed to determine the impact of land use on organic carbon (OC) pools of soils with contrasting native organic matter (OM) content. Surface (0–15 cm) soils of four land uses (cropland, orchard, grassland, and fallow) were collected from four agroecological zones (AEZs) of Bangladesh with different OM content (AEZ-7: very low, −3: low, −9: medium, and −5: high). Bulk soils were physically fractionated into particulate and mineral associated OM (POM and MOM: >53 and <53 µm, respectively). Both bulk and fractionated soils were analyzed for OC and nitrogen (N). Among the land uses, undisturbed soils (grassland and fallow land) had significantly higher total OC (0.44–1.79%) than disturbed soils (orchard and cropland) (0.39–1.67%) in all AEZs. The distribution of OC and N in POM and MOM fractions was significantly different among land uses and also varied with native OM content. In all AEZs, cropland soils showed the lowest POM-C content (0.40–1.41%), whereas the orchard soils showed the highest values (0.71–1.91%). The MOM-C was highest (0.81–1.91%) in fallow land and lowest (0.53–1.51%) in orchard, and cropland had a moderate amount (0.70–1.61%). In croplands, distribution of a considerable amount of OC in the MOM pool was noticeable. These findings reveal that total OC in soils can be decreased with cultivation but does not inevitably indicate the loss of OC storage in the stable pool. Carbon storage potential of soils with both high- and low-native OM contents can be increased via proper land use and managements.

scholarly journals Dynamic response of the vegetation carbon storage in the sanjiang plain to changes in land use/cover and climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Li ◽  
Yi Qu ◽  
Xingyu Zeng ◽  
Hongqiang Zhang ◽  
Ling Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Sanjiang Plain ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Carbon Density ◽  
The Sanjiang Plain ◽  
Unused Land ◽  
Vegetation Carbon ◽  
Vegetation Carbon Storage

AbstractLarge-scale human activities especially the destruction of forest land, grassland, and unused land result in a large amount of carbon release into the atmosphere and cause drastic changes in land use/cover in the Sanjiang Plain. As a climate change-sensitive and ecologically vulnerable area, the Sanjiang Plain ecosystem’s carbon cycle is affected by significant climate change. Therefore, it is important that studying the impact of the changes in land use/cover and climate on vegetation carbon storage in the Sanjiang Plain. Remote sensing, temperature, and precipitation data in four periods from 2001 to 2015 are used as bases in conducting an analysis of land use/cove types and spatio-temporal variation of vegetation carbon density and carbon storage in growing season using model and related analysis methods. Moreover, the impact of land use/cover change and climate change on vegetation carbon density and carbon storage is discussed. The findings are as follows. (1) Cultivated land in the Sanjiang Plain increased, while forest land, grassland and unused land generally decreased. (2) Vegetation carbon density increased, in which the average carbon density of cultivated land, grassland, and unused land varied insignificantly, while that of forest land increased continuously from 4.18 kg C/m2 in 2001 to 7.65 kg C/m2 in 2015. Vegetation carbon storage increased from 159.18 Tg C in 2001 to 256.83 Tg C in 2015, of which vegetation carbon storage of forest land contributed 94% and 97%, respectively. (3) Conversion of land use/cover types resulted in a 22.76-TgC loss of vegetation carbon storage. Although the forest land area decreased by 3389.5 km2, vegetation carbon storage in the research area increased by 97.65 Tg C owing to the increase of forest carbon density. (4) Pixel-by-pixel analysis showed that vegetation carbon storage in the majority of the areas of the Sanjiang Plain are negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with precipitation. The results showed that changes of land use/cover types and vegetation carbon density directly lead to a change in vegetation carbon storage, with the change of forest vegetation carbon density being the main driver affecting vegetation carbon storage variation. The increase of temperature mainly suppresses the vegetation carbon density, and the increase of precipitation mainly promotes it.

scholarly journals Soil carbon stock in different land-use systems in the hilly terrain of Mizoram, Northeast India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 723-728
Author(s):  
Chowlani Manpoong ◽  
Wapongnungsang ◽  
S. K. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Hilly Terrain ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Tephrosia Candida

Soil carbon is one of the most affected variables to land-use change in tropics. The soil carbon flux plays a major role in regulating microbial activities and nutrient distribution in soil. This study aimed to evaluate the soil carbon stock in various land uses at different depths in the hilly terrain of Mizoram, Northeast India. Soil samples at 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil depths were collected from Rubber plantation (RP), Oil palm plantation (OPP), Teak plantation (TP), Bamboo Forest (BF), 5 years fallow (5YF), 10 years fallow (10YF), Tephrosia candida plantation (TCP), Horticulture garden (HORT), Homegarden (HG) and Natural forest (NF). Soil carbon stock varied significantly (p <0.05) across the land uses and depths. The soil under Tephrosia candida stand had significantly (p <0.05) higher values of C stock (73.66 Mg ha-1) which may be due to high biomass, dense vegetative cover and high C in root exudates. The minimum C stock estimated in Horticulture garden (43.28 Mg ha-1) is probably due to reduced soil organic matter. Soil carbon stock in Homegarden, Teak plantation, Bamboo forest and Rubber plantation ranged from 46.82 Mg ha-1 to 59.34 Mg ha-1 whereas 5 years and 10 years fallow land, Natural forest and Oil palm plantation ranged from 61.35 Mg ha-1 to 73.35 Mg ha-1. The study indicated that the land use change in the mountainous region significantly affected the carbon stock in the soil. A proper land use management strategies to increase the soil organic matter is recommended to enhance the carbon stock in this region.

scholarly journals Biomass, carbon stock and sequestration potential of Oxytenanthera abyssinica forests in Lower Beles River Basin, Northwestern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiferaw Abebe ◽  
Amare Sewnet Minale ◽  
Demel Teketay ◽  
Durai Jayaraman ◽  
Trinh Thang Long
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Oxytenanthera Abyssinica ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Change Mitigation

Abstract Background Given the large bamboo resource base with considerable potential to act as an important carbon sink, Ethiopia has included bamboo in the national Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and enhancing forest carbon stocks (REDD+) and Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) programs. However, little is known about the carbon stock and sequestration potential of bamboo forests. As a result, this research was conducted to quantify the carbon sequestration and storage capacity of Oxytenanthera abyssinica forests in the Lower Beles River Basin, northwestern Ethiopia. To this end, a total of 54 circular plots, each measuring 100 m2 with a radius of 5.64 m, were established to conduct the inventory in Assitsa and Eddida bamboo forests, the typical bamboo sites in Lower Beles River Basin. Biomass accumulation of bamboo was estimated using an allometric equation based on diameter at breast height (DBH) and age. Soil samples were taken from two different soil depths (0–15 and 15–30 cm) to determine soil organic carbon. Results Results indicate that the mean biomass of the bamboo forests in the study area accounted for about 177.1 $$\pm$$ ±  3.1 Mg ha−1. The mean biomass carbon and soil organic carbon stock of the bamboo forests were 83.2 $$\pm$$ ±  1.5 Mg C ha−1 and 70 $$\pm$$ ±  1.7 Mg C ha−1, respectively. Therefore, the mean carbon stock of the O. abyssinica bamboo forests was 152.5 $$\pm$$ ±  2.5 Mg C ha−1 to 559.8 $$\pm$$ ±  9.0 ton CO2 ha−1. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of assessing bamboo’s carbon stock and sequestration potential for enhancing its role in climate change mitigation and sustainable resource management. The O. abyssinica bamboo forests of the study area have significant carbon stock and sequestration potential. Therefore, sustainable management of these crucial vegetation resources will enhance their role in providing ecosystem services, including climate change mitigation.

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