Competing Physiological Demands During Incipient Colony Foundation in a Social Insect: Consequences of Pathogenic Stress

The aim of this review is to investigate the common wearable devices currently used in field hockey competitions, and to understand the hockey-specific parameters these devices measure. A systematic search was conducted by using three electronic databases and search terms that included field hockey, wearables, accelerometers, inertial sensors, global positioning system (GPS), heart rate monitors, load, performance analysis, player activity profiles, and competitions from the earliest record. The review included 39 studies that used wearable devices during competitions. GPS units were found to be the most common wearable in elite field hockey competitions, followed by heart rate monitors. Wearables in field hockey are mostly used to measure player activity profiles and physiological demands. Inconsistencies in sampling rates and performance bands make comparisons between studies challenging. Nonetheless, this review demonstrated that wearable devices are being used for various applications in field hockey. Researchers, engineers, coaches, and sport scientists can consider using GPS units of higher sampling rates, as well as including additional variables such as skin temperatures and injury associations, to provide a more thorough evaluation of players’ physical and physiological performances. Future work should include goalkeepers and non-elite players who are less studied in the current literature.

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Transcriptomic analyses of the termite, Cryptotermes secundus, reveal a gene network underlying a long lifespan and high fecundity

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-01892-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Silu Lin ◽

Jana Werle ◽

Judith Korb

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Social Insects ◽

Social Communication ◽

Gene Network ◽

Social Insect ◽

Nutrient Sensing ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Termite Species ◽

High Fecundity ◽

Trade Off

AbstractOrganisms are typically characterized by a trade-off between fecundity and longevity. Notable exceptions are social insects. In insect colonies, the reproducing caste (queens) outlive their non-reproducing nestmate workers by orders of magnitude and realize fecundities and lifespans unparalleled among insects. How this is achieved is not understood. Here, we identified a single module of co-expressed genes that characterized queens in the termite species Cryptotermes secundus. It encompassed genes from all essential pathways known to be involved in life-history regulation in solitary model organisms. By manipulating its endocrine component, we tested the recent hypothesis that re-wiring along the nutrient-sensing/endocrine/fecundity axis can account for the reversal of the fecundity/longevity trade-off in social insect queens. Our data from termites do not support this hypothesis. However, they revealed striking links to social communication that offer new avenues to understand the re-modelling of the fecundity/longevity trade-off in social insects.

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Water Balance of the Social Insect Formica Exsectoides (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Its Ecological Implications

Physiological Zoology ◽

10.1086/physzool.55.4.30155863 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 355-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Marvin D. Sigal ◽

Larry G. Arlian

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Social Insect ◽

Formica Exsectoides ◽

The Social ◽

Ecological Implications

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Bioinformatic and experimental survey of 14-3-3-binding sites

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj20091834 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 427 (1) ◽

pp. 69-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 203

Author(s):

Catherine Johnson ◽

Sandra Crowther ◽

Margaret J. Stafford ◽

David G. Campbell ◽

Rachel Toth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Kinase ◽

Protein Kinases ◽

Binding Sites ◽

Histone Deacetylases ◽

Cognitive Disorders ◽

Logic Gates ◽

Protein Families ◽

Kinase C ◽

Dependent Protein ◽

Physiological Demands

More than 200 phosphorylated 14-3-3-binding sites in the literature were analysed to define 14-3-3 specificities, identify relevant protein kinases, and give insights into how cellular 14-3-3/phosphoprotein networks work. Mode I RXX(pS/pT)XP motifs dominate, although the +2 proline residue occurs in less than half, and LX(R/K)SX(pS/pT)XP is prominent in plant 14-3-3-binding sites. Proline at +1 is rarely reported, and such motifs did not stand up to experimental reanalysis of human Ndel1. Instead, we discovered that 14-3-3 interacts with two residues that are phosphorylated by basophilic kinases and located in the DISC1 (disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1)-interacting region of Ndel1 that is implicated in cognitive disorders. These data conform with the general findings that there are different subtypes of 14-3-3-binding sites that overlap with the specificities of different basophilic AGC (protein kinase A/protein kinase G/protein kinase C family) and CaMK (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase) protein kinases, and a 14-3-3 dimer often engages with two tandem phosphorylated sites, which is a configuration with special signalling, mechanical and evolutionary properties. Thus 14-3-3 dimers can be digital logic gates that integrate more than one input to generate an action, and coincidence detectors when the two binding sites are phosphorylated by different protein kinases. Paired sites are generally located within disordered regions and/or straddle either side of functional domains, indicating how 14-3-3 dimers modulate the conformations and/or interactions of their targets. Finally, 14-3-3 proteins bind to members of several multi-protein families. Two 14-3-3-binding sites are conserved across the class IIa histone deacetylases, whereas other protein families display differential regulation by 14-3-3s. We speculate that 14-3-3 dimers may have contributed to the evolution of such families, tailoring regulatory inputs to different physiological demands.

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