scholarly journals Four Species Linked by Three Hybrid Zones: Two Instances of Repeated Hybridization in One Species Group (Genus Liolaemus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared A. Grummer ◽  
Luciano J. Avila ◽  
Mariana M. Morando ◽  
Adam D. Leaché
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Network ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Snp Data ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Cline Width

Hybridization is an evolutionary process that can generate diverse outcomes, such as reinforcing species boundaries, generating new species, or facilitating the introgression of locally-adapted alleles into new genomic backgrounds. Liolaemus is a highly diverse clade of South American lizards with ~260 species and as many as ten new species are described each year. Previous Liolaemus studies have detected gene flow and introgression among species using phylogenetic network methods and/or through comparisons of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA patterns, yet no study has systematically studied hybrid zones between Liolaemus species. Here, we compared three hybrid zones between four species in the Liolaemus fitzingerii group of lizards in Central Argentina where two species, L. melanops and L. xanthoviridis, each hybridize with two other species (L. shehuen and L. fitzingerii). We sampled three transects that were each ~120 km in length and sequenced both mitochondrial and genome-wide SNP data for 267 individuals. In our analyses of nuclear DNA, we also compared bi-allelic SNPs to phased alleles (50 bp RAD loci). Population structure analyses confirmed that boundaries separating species are sharp, and all clines are <65 km wide. Cline center estimates were consistent between SNPs and phased alleles, but cline width estimates were significantly different with the SNPs producing wider estimates. The mitochondrial clines are narrower and shifted 4–20 km southward in comparison to the nuclear clines in all three hybrid zones, indicating that either each of the species has sex-biased dispersal (males northward or females southward), the population densities are unequal, or that the hybrid zones are moving north over time. These comparisons indicate that some patterns of hybridization are similar across hybrid zones (mtDNA clines all narrower and shifted to the south), whereas cline width is variable. Hybridization in the L. fitzingerii group is common and geographically localized; further studies are needed to investigate whether hybrid zones act as hard species boundaries or promoters of speciation through processes such as reinforcement. Nonetheless, this study provides insights into both biotic and abiotic mechanisms helping to maintain species boundaries within the speciose Liolaemus system.

scholarly journals Genome-wide SNP data of Izumo and Makurazaki populations support inner-dual structure model for origin of Yamato people

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Jinam ◽  
Yosuke Kawai ◽  
Yoichiro Kamatani ◽  
Shunro Sonoda ◽  
Kanro Makisumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Network ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
Dual Structure ◽  
Snp Data ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Kagoshima Prefecture

AbstractThe “Dual Structure” model on the formation of the modern Japanese population assumes that the indigenous hunter-gathering population (symbolized as Jomon people) admixed with rice-farming population (symbolized as Yayoi people) who migrated from the Asian continent after the Yayoi period started. The Jomon component remained high both in Ainu and Okinawa people who mainly reside in northern and southern Japan, respectively, while the Yayoi component is higher in the mainland Japanese (Yamato people). The model has been well supported by genetic data, but the Yamato population was mostly represented by people from Tokyo area. We generated new genome-wide SNP data using Japonica Array for 45 individuals in Izumo City of Shimane Prefecture and for 72 individuals in Makurazaki City of Kagoshima Prefecture in Southern Kyushu, and compared these data with those of other human populations in East Asia, including BioBank Japan data. Using principal component analysis, phylogenetic network, and f4 tests, we found that Izumo, Makurazaki, and Tohoku populations are slightly differentiated from Kanto (including Tokyo), Tokai, and Kinki regions. These results suggest the substructure within Mainland Japanese maybe caused by multiple migration events from the Asian continent following the Jomon period, and we propose a modified version of “Dual Structure” model called the “Inner-Dual Structure” model.

A revision of the shield-back katydid genus Neduba (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae: Nedubini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4910 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-92
Author(s):  
JEFFREY A. COLE ◽  
DAVID B. WEISSMAN ◽  
DAVID C. LIGHTFOOT ◽  
NORIHIRO UESHIMA ◽  
ELŻBIETA WARCHAŁOWSKA-ŚLIWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Environmental Disturbance ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

The Nearctic shield-back katydid genus Neduba is revised. Species boundaries were demarcated by molecular phylogenetic analysis, morphology, quantitative analysis of calling songs, and karyotypes. Nine previously described species are redescribed: N. carinata, N. castanea, N. convexa, N. diabolica, N. extincta, N. macneilli, N. propsti, N. sierranus, and N. steindachneri, and twelve new species are described: N. ambagiosa sp. n., N. arborea sp. n., N. cascadia sp. n., N. duplocantans sp. n., N. inversa sp. n., N. longiplutea sp. n., N. lucubrata sp. n., N. oblongata sp. n., N. prorocantans sp. n., N. radicata sp. n., N. radocantans sp. n., and N. sequoia sp. n. We chose a lectotype for N. steindachneri and transferred N. picturata from a junior synonym of N. diabolica to a junior synonym of N. steindachneri. Diversification in this relict group reflects cycles of allopatric isolation and secondary contact amidst the tumultuous, evolving geography of western North America. The taxonomy and phylogenies presented in this revision lay the groundwork for studies of speciation, biogeography, hybrid zones, and behavioral evolution. Given that one Neduba species is already extinct from human environmental disturbance, we suggest conservation priorities for the genus. 

An annotated catalogue of the pygmy grasshoppers of the tribe Scelimenini Bolívar, 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with two new Scelimena species from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4485 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMIRA AQILAH MUHAMMAD ◽  
MING KAI TAN ◽  
NURUL ASHIKIN ABDULLAH ◽  
MOHAMMAD SOFIAN AZIRUN ◽  
DHANEESH BHASKAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
New Name ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Annotated Catalogue

Pygmy grasshoppers (Tetrigidae) are a speciose group of complicated taxonomy, with many species requiring clarification on their species boundaries, and more still awaiting discovery. Two new species of Scelimena Serville, 1838 are described: (1) from S. discalis species group S. gombakensis sp. nov. and (2) from S. hexodon species group Scelimena marta sp. nov. Catalogue of Scelimenini genera (15) and species (100) is presented and taxonomy and biogeography of the tribe are discussed. New and resurrected combinations are: Falconius becvari (Buzzetti & Devriese, 2008) comb. nov. (of Gavialidium becvari), Gavialidium carli Hebard, 1930 comb. resurr. (of Bidentatettix carli), Indoscelimena india (Hancock, 1907) comb. nov. (of Scelimena india), Paragavialidium nodiferum (Walker, 1871) comb. nov. (of Platygavialidium nodiferum), Platygavialidium productum (Walker, 1871) comb. nov. (of Gavialidium productum), Scelimena hexodon (Haan, 1843) comb. resurr. (of Hexocera hexodon), Scelimena rosacea (Hancock, 1915) comb. resurr. (of Amphibotettix rosaceus), Tegotettix bufocrocodil (Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2015) comb. nov. (of Gavialidium bufocrocodil). New synonyms are: Gavialidium phangensum Mahmood, Idris & Salmah, 2007 syn. nov. (of Eufalconius pendleburyi), Gavialidium philippinum Bolívar, 1887 syn. nov. (of Platygavialidium productum comb. nov.), Hexocera Hancock, 1915 syn. nov. (of Scelimena), Paracriotettix Liang, 2002 syn. nov. (of Scelimena), Paracriotettix zhengi Liang, 2002 syn. nov. (of Scelimena melli), Scelimena mellioides Deng, 2016 syn. nov. (of Scelimena melli), Scelimena wuyishanensis Deng, 2016 syn. nov. (of Platygavialidium sinicum). The genus Scelimena is divided into six species groups. Eucriotettix neesoon Tan & Storozhenko nom. nov. is new name for homonym Eucriotettix guentheri Tan & Storozhenko, 2017. Finally, a tabular key to 15 Scelimenini genera, based on 16 morphological characters, is presented. 

Re-evaluation of the Wehrle’s salamander (Plethodon wehrlei Fowler and Dunn) species group (Caudata: Plethodontidae) using genomic data, with the description of a new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4609 (3) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
ZACHARY I. FELIX ◽  
JESSICA A. WOOTEN ◽  
TODD W. PIERSON ◽  
CARLOS D. CAMP
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
As Species ◽  
Morphological Variants ◽  
A New Species

Woodland salamanders of the genus Plethodon are characterized by strong ecological and morphological conservatism. One assemblage, the Wehrle’s salamander (Plethodon wehrlei Fowler & Dunn) species group, is distributed from New York to Tennessee, USA, and includes several morphological variants, four of which are sufficiently distinct to have been recognized as species in the past. For many years after two of these species were placed in synonymy, only P. wehrlei and P. punctatus Highton were recognized. A recent phylogeographic study using mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA uncovered considerable genetic diversity within the group and conservatively resurrected one of the previously synonymized forms (P. dixi Pope & Fowler). However, their analysis could not resolve all relationships among remaining populations of P. wehrlei, leaving the taxon paraphyletic. We re-evaluated the evolutionary history of this group using genomic data, recovered strong support for at least five distinct clades, and corroborated previously reported relationships. We also collected morphological data and demonstrated morphological distinctiveness for four of the five clades that we herein recognize as species. We resurrect the synonymized name P. jacksoni Newman to represent the southern clades of P. wehrlei in southwestern Virginia and North Carolina exclusive of P. dixi. In addition, we describe a yellow-spotted form of P. wehrlei endemic to the Cumberland Plateau as a new species. Although our proposed changes rectify the paraphyly of P. wehrlei, our sampling was not sufficient to resolve potential taxonomic issues remaining within the species herein recognized as P. jacksoni. 

scholarly journals Genome-wide SNP data and morphology support the distinction of two new species of Kovarikia Soleglad, Fet & Graham, 2014 endemic to California (Scorpiones, Vaejovidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 739 ◽  
pp. 79-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Bryson Jr. ◽  
Dustin A. Wood ◽  
Matthew R. Graham ◽  
Michael E. Soleglad ◽  
John E. McCormack
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Snp Data ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Two New Species

A new species of Brevipalpus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from the Azores Islands, with remarks on the B. cuneatus species group

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2184-2208
Author(s):  
Jorge Laerson Dos Santos Alves ◽  
Francisco Ferragut ◽  
Renata Santos Mendonça ◽  
Aline Daniele Tassi ◽  
Denise Navia
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Electron And Light Microscopy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A New Species

Brevipalpus contains about 290 species, some of which are considered of economic importance. In spite of their agricultural importance, the species diversity is scarcely known in several regions around the world, notably on wild plants. In this work a new species collected on an endemic ivy of the Azores Archipelago, Hedera azorica Carrière (Araliaceae), is described based on an integrative approach using morphological traits of the adults, obtained through electron and light microscopy, and molecular characters based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted in order to produce reliable phylogenetic placement of the new species, which is tentatively classified in the B. portalis species group. Morphological similarities between the new species and B. cuneatus Canestrini and Fanzago point out to some inconsistencies in the current morphological classification of Brevipalpus species, especially in the definition of the B. cuneatus group, herein discussed.

Taxonomic revision of the Erythrolamprus reginae species group, with description of a new species from Guiana Shield (Serpentes: Xenodontinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4586 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRE C. ASCENSO ◽  
JOÃO C. L. COSTA ◽  
ANA L. C. PRUDENTE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The State ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Guiana Shield ◽  
A New Species

We perform a review of the Erythrolamprus reginae species group and putative related taxa (E. dorsocorallinus, E. zweifeli, and E. oligolepis), based on external morphology and hemipenial characters. We infer species boundaries among taxa traditionally associated with this group, recognizing two nominal subspecies (Erythrolamprus reginae reginae and E. r. macrosomus) in the species level. We propose the synonymy of E. r. semilineatus with E. reginae and recognize the validity of the related taxa, such as: E. dorsocorallinus, E. zweifeli, and E. oligolepis. In addition, two specimens occurring in the state Amapá, Brazil, are herein described as a new species. Therefore, we provide an identification key for the species of the group and discuss some of the combination of morphological features useful to delimitate the species of this group, in comparison with other representatives of the genus Erythrolamprus. 

scholarly journals Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of the Ctenotus labillardieri (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) species group and a new species of immediate conservation concern in the southwestern Australian biodiversity hotspot

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3390 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEOFFREY M. KAY ◽  
J. SCOTT KEOGH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
A New Species

Ctenotus is the largest and most diverse genus of skinks in Australia with at least 97 described species. We generated largemitochondrial and nuclear DNA data sets for 70 individuals representing all available species in the C. labillardieri species-group to produce the first comprehensive phylogeny for this clade. The widespread C. labillardieri was sampled extensively toprovide the first detailed phylogeographic data set for a reptile in the southwestern Australian biodiversity hotspot. Wesupplemented our molecular data with a comprehensive morphological dataset for the entire group, and together these data areused to revise the group and describe a new species. The morphologically highly variable species C. labillardieri comprisesseven well-supported genetic clades that each occupy distinct geographic regions. The phylogeographic patterns observed inthis taxon are consistent with studies of frogs, plants and invertebrates, adding strength to emerging biogeographic hypothesesin this iconic region. The species C. catenifer, C. youngsoni, and C. gemmula are well supported, and despite limited samplingboth C. catenifer and C. gemmula show substantial genetic structure. The threatened C. lancelini from Lancelin Island and theadjacent mainland is the sister taxon to a new species from the Swan Coastal Plain, which we describe as C. ora sp. nov. Thisspecies is a habitat specialist, occurring primarily in sandy regions south of Perth that currently are under intense development. Ctenotus ora sp. nov. should be considered for conservation attention immediately.

scholarly journals Thitarodes shambalaensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae): a new host of the caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis supported by genome-wide SNP data

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 885 ◽  
pp. 89-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyang Wang ◽  
Hailing Zhuang ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Naomi E. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Host ◽  
Host Genus ◽  
Ophiocordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Snp Data ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Caterpillar Fungus ◽  
Conservation Threats ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Single Sequence

A new species of ghost moth, Thitarodes shambalaensissp. nov., is described from Yanzigou glacier, Mt. Gongga, Sichuan, China. The species is a host of the economically important caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis. Establishment of this new species is supported by morphology and genetic differentiation measured in a CO1 phylogeny and in genome-wide SNP coverage. A summary tree from 538 sequences of different genetic markers from Thitarodes (including sequences extracted from caterpillar fungus sclerotium samples) support the genus Thitarodes as a monophyletic group, and indicate that Thitarodes is the host genus for O. sinensis. Sampling efforts so far have centered on half of the known phylogenetic diversity of Thitarodes, with some species-level clusters (separated by < 2.5% genetic distance) containing 17 described species. Fifteen clusters are known from either a single “orphan taxon” or a single sequence from a caterpillar fungus sclerotium sample. We provide suggestions for building a more robust phylogeny of the genus Thitarodes and highlight some of the conservation threats that species from this genus face due to unprecedented habitat exploitation.

scholarly journals The genus Scaptodrosophila Duda (Diptera, Drosophilidae), part III: the riverata species group from China, with morphological and molecular evidence for five new species

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 937 ◽  
pp. 139-162
Author(s):  
Yong Lin ◽  
Hong-Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
A New Species

A new species group, the riverata species group, is established within the genus Scaptodrosophila based on morphological and molecular evidence for five known and five new species from China: S. abdentatasp. nov., S. cederholmi (Okada, 1988), S. crocata (Bock, 1976), S. paraclubata (Sundaran & Gupta, 1991), S. platyrhinasp. nov., S. puncticeps (Okada, 1956), S. riverata (Singh & Gupta, 1977), S. serrateifoliaceasp. nov., S. sinuatasp. nov. and S. tanyrhinasp. nov. A key to this group is provided. Furthermore, 51 mtDNA COI sequences belonging to S. puncticeps, S. riverata and the five new species are used for verifying species boundaries defined by the morphological data.

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