scholarly journals Flight Mill Experiments and Computer Simulations Indicate Islands Recruit More Capable Flyers of Moths

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-xuan Zheng ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Bo-ya Dai ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Qi-run Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Insect Flight ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Flight Mill ◽  
Tethered Flight ◽  
The Family ◽  
Moth Species ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Understanding the traits related to species colonization and invasion, is a key question for both pest management and evolution. One of the key components is flight, which has been measured for a number of insect species through radar and tethered flight mill systems, but a general understanding of insect flight at a community level is lacking. In this study, we used flight mill experiments to quantify flight abilities of moth species, and simulation experiments to study which moths in mainland China have the potential for cross-island dispersal. We found that moths from superfamily Geometroidea (family Geometridae) have the weakest flight ability among the seven Lepidoptera superfamilies, which is characterized by the shortest longest single flight (LSF), the shortest time corresponding to the longest single flight (TLSF) (timecorrespondingtothelongestsingleflight), the lowest total distance flown (TDF), and the lowest average speed during the flight (VTDF). Surprisingly, the family Pyralidae (superfamily Pyraloidea) has the highest flight endurance of all 186 species of 12 families in this study, which is unexpected, given its small size and morphological traits yet it shows the longest LSF and TLSF. The comparison between species common to mainland and islands shows that flight distance (LSF) may be more important for species spread than flight speed. The results of mainland-island simulations show that when P(LSF>CD) (the proportion of individuals whose LSF is greater than the closest distance (CD) between mainland and island to the total number of individuals in the population) is less than 0.004, it is difficult for moth species to disperse to across islands without relying on external factors such as airflow. Over extended periods, with the immigration of species with strong flight abilities, islands are more likely to recruit species with stronger flight abilities.

Interactions between pupae of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) and parasitoids in a Pinus forest

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.P. Bonsignore ◽  
F. Manti ◽  
E. Castiglione
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Thaumetopoea Pityocampa ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Pine Processionary Moth ◽  
Processionary Moth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Forest Lepidoptera

AbstractParasitoids are significant enemies of many economically important insects and there is some evidence to suggest that their actions have a role in terminating the outbreaks of forest Lepidoptera populations. In this study, we examined the impact of parasitoids on the pupae of the pine processionary moth, and highlighted the presence of several parasitoid species for this developmental stage. A higher rate of parasitism was found when the pupal density in the soil was reduced, but the rate of parasitism was not influenced by pupal morphological traits or by the presence or absence of a cocoon around a pupa. Of the external factors examined, a delay in the time of descent of larvae from the trees had a positive effect on the level of parasitism. Observational data indicated that dipteran and hymenopteran were the most abundant parasitoids to emerge from moth pupae. Our study highlights the complexity of the parasitoid–host dynamics, and stresses the importance of carefully determining environmental effects on host–parasitoid relations.

scholarly journals The Process of Establishing Family Support for Rehabilitated Adolescent Drug Abusers at Bangli Mental Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Made Dewi Sariyani ◽  
Kadek Sri Ariyanti ◽  
Dyah Pradnyaparamita ◽  
Ni Komang Ekawati
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Family ◽  
Drugs And Crime ◽  
Internal And External Factors

According to UNODC (The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) in the World Drug Report in 2015, the estimated drug users in 2013 were 246 million people, where the highest number of drug cases occurred in the population of 15-64 years of age. The biggest factor that can influence the success of drug users to leave drugs forever is the strong intentions from within and positive family support. This study aimed to find out in depth regarding the process of establishing family support for rehabilitated adolescent drug abusers at Bangli Mental Hospital. This study employed a qualitative design. The qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interview to 12 informants, where 6 informants were the parents of the drug abusers, 3 nurses in the rehabilitation room, and 3 adolescents who were being rehabilitated in Bangli mental hospital. This study revealed that the family had internal and external factors as well as inhibiting factors in forming and providing support to residents. In forming support, the residents’ family had internal and external factors that influenced it, moreover they also had inhibiting factors such as feeling of weary and distance from home. Index Terms— support, family, adolescents, rehabilitation

scholarly journals A new cave Pseudoscorpion from Serbia (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1257-1263
Author(s):  
B.P.M. Curcic ◽  
T. Radja ◽  
R.N. Dimitrijevic ◽  
S.E. Makarov ◽  
M. Milincic
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Taxonomic Relationship ◽  
The Family

A new pseudoscorpion from the family Chthoniidae - Chthonius (Chthonius) aquasanctae n. sp. from west Serbia is described. The newly erected taxon is endemic to the area studied. Its taxonomic relationship to its phenetically close congeners Chthonius (Chthonius) lesnik Curcic and Chthonius (Chthonius) iugoslavicus Curcic, as well as the comparative morphological traits, are described in detail.

scholarly journals A new species of Fissicepheus and a supplementary description of Leptotocepheus murphyi (Mahunka, 1989) (Acari, Oribatida, Otocepheidae) from Malaysia

Acarologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-474
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Ermilov ◽  
Stanislav Kalúz
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

This work includes taxonomic data on two species of oribatid mites of the family Otocepheidae from Malaysia. A new species of the genus Fissicepheus is described. Fissicepheus parastriganovae n. sp. differs from Fissicepheus striganovae Ermilov and Anichkin, 2014 by body ornamentation, length of interlamellar and notogastral setae and morphology of genital plates. The species Leptotocepheus murphyi (Mahunka, 1989) is recorded in Malaysia for the first time. A supplementary description of this species which was originally described from Singapore is given on the basis of the Malaysian specimens. The main morphological traits for L. murphyi are summarized.

scholarly journals Delimitation, new species and teleomorph-anamorph relationships in Codinaea, Dendrophoma, Paragaeumannomyces and Striatosphaeria (Chaetosphaeriaceae)

MycoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 17-74
Author(s):  
Martina Réblová ◽  
Jana Nekvindová ◽  
Jacques Fournier ◽  
Andrew N. Miller
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
The Family ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
First Time

The Chaetosphaeriaceae are a diverse group of pigmented, predominantly phialidic hyphomycetes comprised of several holomorphic genera including Chaetosphaeria, the most prominent genus of the family. Although the morphology of the teleomorphs of the majority of Chaetosphaeria is rather uniform, their associated anamorphs primarily exhibit the variability and evolutionary change observed in the genus. An exception from the morphological monotony among Chaetosphaeria species is a group characterised by scolecosporous, hyaline to light pink, multiseptate, asymmetrical ascospores and a unique three-layered ascomatal wall. Paragaeumannomyces sphaerocellularis, the type species of the genus, exhibits these morphological traits and is compared with similar Chaetosphaeria with craspedodidymum- and chloridium-like synanamorphs. Morphological comparison and phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS-28S sequences of 35 isolates and vouchers with these characteristics revealed a strongly-supported, morphologically well-delimited clade in the Chaetosphaeriaceae containing 16 species. The generic name Paragaeumannomyces is applied to this monophyletic clade; eight new combinations and five new species, i.e. P. abietinussp. nov., P. eleganssp. nov., P. granulatussp. nov., P. sabinianussp. nov. and P. smokiensissp. nov., are proposed. A key to Paragaeumannomyces is provided. Using morphology, cultivation studies and phylogenetic analyses of ITS and 28S rDNA, two additional new species from freshwater and terrestrial habitats, Codinaea paniculatasp. nov. and Striatosphaeria castaneasp. nov., are described in the family. A codinaea-like anamorph of S. castanea forms conidia with setulae at each end in axenic culture; this feature expands the known morphology of Striatosphaeria. A chaetosphaeria-like teleomorph is experimentally linked to Dendrophoma cytisporoides, a sporodochial hyphomycete and type species of Dendrophoma, for the first time.

Confucian Perspectives on Psychiatric Ethics

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiping Fan ◽  
Zhengrong Guo ◽  
Michael Wong
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Confucian Ethics ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Involuntary Hospitalization ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Family Obligations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Based

This chapter examines Confucian perspectives on psychiatric ethics by focusing on a family-based and family-oriented way of life. It first provides a background on Confucianism and Confucian familism, with emphasis on central concerns in the Confucian virtuous way of life including the integrity, continuity, and prosperity of the family. It then compares Confucian ethics with Western bioethics in terms of moral responsibility and individual autonomy in the context of family obligations and patient needs. It also discusses the Mental Health Act in China, which became effective in May 2013, and its restrictions on involuntary hospitalization within the context of Confucian ethics. The chapter considers two cases, one from mainland China and another from Australia, to illustrate Confucian psychiatric ethics at work in real life and highlight various issues that arise in contemporary clinical settings.

A new species of the genus Thalassironus (Nematoda: Enoplida: Ironidae) from the coasts of South Korea

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4563 (3) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAEHYUK JEONG ◽  
ALEXEI V. TCHESUNOV ◽  
WONCHOEL LEE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
The Body ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
The Family ◽  
De Man ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the genus Thalassironus de Man, 1889 was discovered during several surveys of the offshore marine ecosystem in Korea. This new species belonging to the family Ironidae, Thalassironus koreanus sp. nov., shares general morphological traits of the genus such as an optically smooth cuticle, buccal cavity consisting of two parts with three movable teeth and thick cuticularized walls, six rounded lips with ten cephalic setae, slit-like amphid and short conical tail with caudal glands present. The new species is most closely related to T. bohaiensis, first discovered in the Bohai Sea, in terms of body ratio (a, b, c, c’) and general morphology, but differs by its generally longer and larger body structures, cervical setae at the level of the buccal cavity, paired somatic setae distributed along the body, and longer/larger spicule. A description of Thalassironus koreanus sp. nov., diagnosis of the genus, emended pictorial key for the genus and discussion of important characteristics for the genus is provided. 

An Insect Tether System Using Magnetic Levitation: Development, Analysis and Feedback Control

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Jung Hsu ◽  
Yagız Efe Bayiz ◽  
Pan Liu ◽  
Bo Cheng
Keyword(s):  
System Identification ◽  
Feedback Control ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Insect Flight ◽  
Magnetic Levitation ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Free Flight ◽  
Tethered Flight ◽  
Development Analysis

Insect flight has gained wide interests in both biology and engineering communities in the past decades regarding its aerodynamics, sensing and flight control. However, studying insect flight experimentally remains a challenge in both free-flight and tethered-flight settings. In free flight experiments, due to highly unpredictable and fast flight behavior of flying insects, it is difficult to apply controlled sensory inputs to their flight system for system identification and modeling analyses. In tethered flight experiments, constrained whole body movement results in silenced proprioceptive feedback therefore breaks the flight control loop and does not reveal any flight dynamics. Therefore, this work aims to develop a novel insect tether system using magnetic levitation. Such a system magnetically fixes an insect in space but allows it to rotate freely about yaw axis with minimal interference from mechanical constraints. This paper presents the development, analysis and feedback control of this system and finally test its performance using a hawkmoth (Manduca Sexta). In addition, a system identification of the magnetic levitation system and detailed analysis in closed-loop stability and performance are provided. In the future, the insect tether system will be applied to study the insect flight aerodynamics, sensing and control.

New faunistic and taxonomical findings of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) of the family Otocepheidae from Myanmar 

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 948
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Ermilov
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

The first data on the oribatid mites of Myanmar are presented and these belong to the family Otocepheidae. A new species of the genus Eurostocepheus (Oribatida, Otocepheidae) is described from litter of disturbed primary forest of Nat Ma Taung National Park in the Chin State. Eurostocepheus (Eurostocepheus) peterjaegeri sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to E. (E.) mahunkai Mondal & Kundu, 1999, but differs by the shorter notogastral setae c and la compared to the other notogastral setae, setae la pressed to notogastral surface, well-developed lateral prodorsal carinae, smooth genital plates and by the presence of diagonal ridges on the anal plates. A supplementary description of Otocepheus (Otocepheus) heterosetiger Aoki, 1965 which was originally described from Thailand, is given in detail on the basis of specimens from Myanmar. The main morphological traits for this species are summarized.

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