scholarly journals The Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome, a Polymicrobial and Multifactorial Disease: State of Knowledge and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Petton ◽  
Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón ◽  
Fabrice Pernet ◽  
Eve Toulza ◽  
Julien de Lorgeril ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Multifactorial Disease ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Oyster Mortality ◽  
The Pacific

The Pacific oyster (Crassostreae gigas) has been introduced from Asia to numerous countries around the world during the 20th century. C. gigas is the main oyster species farmed worldwide and represents more than 98% of oyster production. The severity of disease outbreaks that affect C. gigas, which primarily impact juvenile oysters, has increased dramatically since 2008. The most prevalent disease, Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS), has become panzootic and represents a threat to the oyster industry. Recently, major steps towards understanding POMS have been achieved through integrative molecular approaches. These studies demonstrated that infection by Ostreid herpesvirus type 1 µVar (OsHV-1 µvar) is the first critical step in the infectious process and leads to an immunocompromised state by altering hemocyte physiology. This is followed by dysbiosis of the microbiota, which leads to a secondary colonization by opportunistic bacterial pathogens, which in turn results in oyster death. Host and environmental factors (e.g. oyster genetics and age, temperature, food availability, and microbiota) have been shown to influence POMS permissiveness. However, we still do not understand the mechanisms by which these different factors control disease expression. The present review discusses current knowledge of this polymicrobial and multifactorial disease process and explores the research avenues that must be investigated to fully elucidate the complexity of POMS. These discoveries will help in decision-making and will facilitate the development of tools and applied innovations for the sustainable and integrated management of oyster aquaculture.

scholarly journals Contribution of Viral Genomic Diversity to Oyster Susceptibility in the Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Delmotte ◽  
Cristian Chaparro ◽  
Richard Galinier ◽  
Julien de Lorgeril ◽  
Bruno Petton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Oyster Mortality ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Temperature modulate disease susceptibility of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and virulence of the Ostreid herpesvirus type 1

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizenn Delisle ◽  
Bruno Petton ◽  
Jean François Burguin ◽  
Benjamin Morga ◽  
Charlotte Corporeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Farmer monitoring reveals the effect of tidal height on mortality risk of oysters during a herpesvirus outbreak

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1816-1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Pernet ◽  
Sonia Gachelin ◽  
Jean-Yves Stanisière ◽  
Bruno Petton ◽  
Elodie Fleury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Tidal Height ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
The Pacific

Abstract The intertidal zone is characterized by a sharp vertical gradient of environmental stress, which structures species distribution and their interactions. Few studies, however, have examined the influence of tidal height on host–pathogen interactions. Here, we investigated how the tidal height influence outbreak of the Ostreid herpesvirus type 1 (OsHV-1) affecting the Pacific oyster. A volunteer network composed of 20 oyster growers monitored the survival of 28 batches of oysters during an epizootic event in Southern Brittany, France. Oysters were spat from wild collection or hatchery production. The sampling sites were spread over a 150-km2 area with a tidal height ranging from 0.98 to 2.90 m. Concomitantly, we followed survival of oyster spats in relation with OsHV-1 DNA detection at two sites and conducted risk analysis. We found that tidal height was associated with a lower risk of mortality. This effect was higher for hatchery than for wild oysters probably reflecting differences in health status. Our study opens perspectives for mitigation strategies based on tidal height and emphasizes the value of volunteer science in marine epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals Histopathological and Molecular Study of Pacific Oyster Tissues Provides Insights into V. aestuarianus Infection Related to Oyster Mortality

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Mandas ◽  
Fulvio Salati ◽  
Marta Polinas ◽  
Marina Antonella Sanna ◽  
Rosanna Zobba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Oyster Mortality ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
The Pacific

Consumer preference for healthy and sustainable food products has been steadily increasing in recent years. Bivalve mollusks satisfy these characteristics and have captured ever-increasing market shares. However, the expansion of molluscan culture in worldwide and global trade have favored the spread of pathogens around the world. Combined with environmental changes and intensive production systems this has contributed to the occurrence of mass mortality episodes, thus posing a threat to the production of different species, including the Pacific oyster Crassotrea gigas. In the San Teodoro lagoon, one of the most devoted lagoons to extensive Pacific oyster aquaculture in Sardinia, a mortality outbreak was observed with an estimated 80% final loss of animal production. A study combining cultural, biomolecular and histopathological methods was conducted: (1) to investigate the presence of different Vibrio species and OsHV-1 in selected oyster tissues (digestive gland, gills, and mantle); (2) to quantify Vibrio aestuarianus and to evaluate the severity of hemocyte infiltration in infected tissues; (3) to produce post-amplification data and evaluating ToxR gene as a target for phylogenetic analyses. Results provide new insights into V. aestuarianus infection related to oyster mortality outbreaks and pave the way to the development of tools for oyster management.

Efficient and long-lasting protection against the pacific oyster mortality syndrome through antiviral immune priming

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Maxime Lafont ◽  
Bruno Petton ◽  
Julien deLorgeril ◽  
Agnes Vergnes ◽  
Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Oyster Mortality ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Insights into Its Pathobiology and Molecular Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1214
Author(s):  
Ji Tu ◽  
Jose Vargas Castillo ◽  
Abhirup Das ◽  
Ashish D. Diwan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy

Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM), earlier referred to as cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), is the most common and serious neurological disorder in the elderly population caused by chronic progressive compression or irritation of the spinal cord in the neck. The clinical features of DCM include localised neck pain and functional impairment of motor function in the arms, fingers and hands. If left untreated, this can lead to significant and permanent nerve damage including paralysis and death. Despite recent advancements in understanding the DCM pathology, prognosis remains poor and little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis. Moreover, there is scant evidence for the best treatment suitable for DCM patients. Decompressive surgery remains the most effective long-term treatment for this pathology, although the decision of when to perform such a procedure remains challenging. Given the fact that the aged population in the world is continuously increasing, DCM is posing a formidable challenge that needs urgent attention. Here, in this comprehensive review, we discuss the current knowledge of DCM pathology, including epidemiology, diagnosis, natural history, pathophysiology, risk factors, molecular features and treatment options. In addition to describing different scoring and classification systems used by clinicians in diagnosing DCM, we also highlight how advanced imaging techniques are being used to study the disease process. Last but not the least, we discuss several molecular underpinnings of DCM aetiology, including the cells involved and the pathways and molecules that are hallmarks of this disease.

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