scholarly journals Traditional Farming Lifestyle in Old Older Mennonites Modulates Human Milk Composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti E. Seppo ◽  
Rakin Choudhury ◽  
Catherine Pizzarello ◽  
Rohith Palli ◽  
Sade Fridy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Atopic Disease ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dust Mites ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Old Order ◽  
Butyrate Production

BackgroundIn addition to farming exposures in childhood, maternal farming exposures provide strong protection against allergic disease in their children; however, the effect of farming lifestyle on human milk (HM) composition is unknown.ObjectiveThis study aims to characterize the maternal immune effects of Old Order Mennonite (OOM) traditional farming lifestyle when compared with Rochester (ROC) families at higher risk for asthma and allergic diseases using HM as a proxy.MethodsHM samples collected at median 2 months of lactation from 52 OOM and 29 ROC mothers were assayed for IgA1 and IgA2 antibodies, cytokines, endotoxin, HM oligosaccharides (HMOs), and targeted fatty acid (FA) metabolites. Development of early childhood atopic diseases in children by 3 years of age was assessed. In addition to group comparisons, systems level network analysis was performed to identify communities of multiple HM factors in ROC and OOM lifestyle.ResultsHM contains IgA1 and IgA2 antibodies broadly recognizing food, inhalant, and bacterial antigens. OOM HM has significantly higher levels of IgA to peanut, ovalbumin, dust mites, and Streptococcus equii as well TGF-β2, and IFN-λ3. A strong correlation occurred between maternal antibiotic use and levels of several HMOs. Path-based analysis of HMOs shows lower activity in the path involving lactoneohexaose (LNH) in the OOM as well as higher levels of lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) and two long-chain FAs C-18OH (stearic acid) and C-23OH (tricosanoic acid) compared with Rochester HM. OOM and Rochester milk formed five different clusters, e.g., butyrate production was associated with Prevotellaceae, Veillonellaceae, and Micrococcaceae cluster. Development of atopic disease in early childhood was more common in Rochester and associated with lower levels of total IgA, IgA2 to dust mite, as well as of TSLP.ConclusionTraditional, agrarian lifestyle, and antibiotic use are strong regulators of maternally derived immune and metabolic factors, which may have downstream implications for postnatal developmental programming of infant’s gut microbiome and immune system.

scholarly journals Influence of antibiotic use in early childhood on asthma and allergic diseases at age 5

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada ◽  
Limin Yang ◽  
Masami Narita ◽  
Hirohisa Saito ◽  
Yukihiro Ohya
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Use

scholarly journals The association of different enteroviruses with atopy and allergic diseases in early childhood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiina Palmu ◽  
Jussi Lehtonen ◽  
Laura Korhonen ◽  
Suvi Virtanen ◽  
Onni Niemelä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Atopic Disease ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Nested Case Control

Background: Enterovirus (EV) infections, being among the most prevalent viruses worldwide, have been associated with reduced risk of allergic diseases. We sought to determine the association of EVs with allergic sensitization and disease in early childhood. Methods: The study was carried out in a nested case-control setting within a prospective birth cohort in Finland. We included 138 case children who had specific IgE (s-IgE) sensitization at the age of 5 years and 138 control children without s-IgE sensitization. Allergic disease was recorded at study visits and asked with ISAAC questionary. We screened for the presence of serotype specific antibodies against 41 EVs at 1 to 5 years of age and assessed their association with allergic sensitization and disease. Results: The overall number of EV infections did not differ between s-IgE-sensitized children and non-sensitized control children. However, there was a tendency of case children with an allergic disease having less EV infections than their controls. This observation was statistically significant for species A EVs in case children with atopic dermatitis vs. control children: OR 0.6 (95 % CI 0.36-0.99), P = 0.048. Conclusion: This study supports the evidence that EV exposure and development of allergic disease are inversely associated. Interestingly, the inverse association was not observed for bare atopic IgE sensitization, but for IgE sensitization coupled with clinical atopic disease. This suggests that environmental factors influencing IgE sensitization may differ from those influencing progression to clinical allergic disease.

Antibiotic use in the first year of life and risk of atopic disease in early childhood

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1921-1928 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. H. Kusel ◽  
N. de Klerk ◽  
P. G. Holt ◽  
P. D. Sly
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Atopic Disease ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

Antibiotic Use in the First Year of Life and Risk of Atopic Disease in Early Childhood

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 124 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. S107.2-S108
Author(s):  
Kanwaljit K. Chawla ◽  
Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Atopic Disease ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals The Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Prevention of Allergic Diseases in Infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Sestito ◽  
Enza D'Auria ◽  
Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre ◽  
Silvia Salvatore ◽  
Valeria Tallarico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
English Language ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Atopic Disease ◽  
Allergy Prevention ◽  
Optimal Intervention

Allergic diseases have been linked to genetic and/or environmental factors, such as antibiotic use, westernized high fat and low fiber diet, which lead to early intestinal dysbiosis, and account for the rise in allergy prevalence, especially in western countries. Allergic diseases have shown reduced microbial diversity, including fewer lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, within the neonatal microbiota, before the onset of atopic diseases. Raised interest in microbiota manipulating strategies to restore the microbial balance for atopic disease prevention, through prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics supplementation, has been reported. We reviewed and discussed the role of prebiotics and/or probiotics supplementation for allergy prevention in infants. We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Database using keywords relating to “allergy” OR “allergic disorders,” “prevention” AND “prebiotics” OR “probiotics” OR “synbiotics.” We limited our evaluation to papers of English language including children aged 0–2 years old. Different products or strains used, different period of intervention, duration of supplementation, has hampered the draw of definitive conclusions on the clinical impact of probiotics and/or prebiotics for prevention of allergic diseases in infants, except for atopic dermatitis in infants at high-risk. This preventive effect on eczema in high-risk infants is supported by clear evidence for probiotics but only moderate evidence for prebiotic supplementation. However, the optimal prebiotic or strain of probiotic, dose, duration, and timing of intervention remains uncertain. Particularly, a combined pre- and post-natal intervention appeared of stronger benefit, although the definition of the optimal intervention starting time during gestation, the timing, and duration in the post-natal period, as well as the best target population, are still an unmet need.

Influence of Antibiotic Use in Early Childhood on Asthma and Allergic Diseases at Age 5

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 142 (Supplement 4) ◽  
pp. S213.2-S214
Author(s):  
Grace T. Padron ◽  
Vivian P. Hernandez-Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Use

The prevalence of allergic diseases -The prevalence of atopic disease is decreasing・ from the surveillance in Himeji-

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Fumitake Kurosaka ◽  
Kazuta Shimizu ◽  
Katsumi Oka ◽  
Shigeta Shimizu ◽  
Hironobu Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Atopic Disease

Human milk composition and the effects of pasteurisation on activity of components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syaza Y. Binte Abu Bakar ◽  
Malinda Salim ◽  
Andrew J. Clulow ◽  
Kevin Nicholas ◽  
Ben J. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Composition

scholarly journals High-Temperature Short-Time and Holder Pasteurization of Donor Milk: Impact on Milk Composition

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Diana Escuder-Vieco ◽  
Juan M. Rodríguez ◽  
Irene Espinosa-Martos ◽  
Nieves Corzo ◽  
Antonia Montilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
High Temperature Short Time ◽  
Lactose Concentration ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Milk Banks ◽  
Short Time

Holder pasteurization (HoP; 62.5 °C, 30 min) is commonly used to ensure the microbiological safety of donor human milk (DHM) but diminishes its nutritional properties. A high-temperature short-time (HTST) system was designed as an alternative for human milk banks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of this HTST system on different nutrients and the bile salt stimulated lipase (BSSL) activity of DHM. DHM was processed in the HTST system and by standard HoP. Macronutrients were measured with a mid-infrared analyzer. Lactose, glucose, myo-inositol, vitamins and lipids were assayed using chromatographic techniques. BSSL activity was determined using a kit. The duration of HTST treatment had a greater influence on the nutrient composition of DHM than did the tested temperature. The lactose concentration and the percentage of phospholipids and PUFAs were higher in HTST-treated than in raw DHM, while the fat concentration and the percentage of monoacylglycerides and SFAs were lower. Other nutrients did not change after HTST processing. The retained BSSL activity was higher after short HTST treatment than that following HoP. Overall, HTST treatment resulted in better preservation of the nutritional quality of DHM than HoP because relevant thermosensitive components (phospholipids, PUFAs, and BSSL) were less affected.

scholarly journals The need to study human milk as a biological system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Christian ◽  
Emily R Smith ◽  
Sun Eun Lee ◽  
Ashley J Vargas ◽  
Andrew A Bremer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Biological System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Technological Advances

ABSTRACT Critical advancement is needed in the study of human milk as a biological system that intersects and interacts with myriad internal (maternal biology) and external (diet, environment, infections) factors and its plethora of influences on the developing infant. Human-milk composition and its resulting biological function is more than the sum of its parts. Our failure to fully understand this biology in a large part contributes to why the duration of exclusive breastfeeding remains an unsettled science (if not policy). Our current understanding of human-milk composition and its individual components and their functions fails to fully recognize the importance of the chronobiology and systems biology of human milk in the context of milk synthesis, optimal timing and duration of feeding, and period of lactation. The overly simplistic, but common, approach to analyzing single, mostly nutritive components of human milk is insufficient to understand the contribution of either individual components or the matrix within which they exist to both maternal and child health. There is a need for a shift in the conceptual approach to studying human milk to improve strategies and interventions to support better lactation, breastfeeding, and the full range of infant feeding practices, particularly for women and infants living in undernourished and infectious environments. Recent technological advances have led to a rising movement towards advancing the science of human-milk biology. Herein, we describe the rationale and critical need for unveiling the multifunctionality of the various nutritional, nonnutritional, immune, and biological signaling pathways of the components in human milk that drive system development and maturation, growth, and development in the very early postnatal period of life. We provide a vision and conceptual framework for a research strategy and agenda to change the field of human-milk biology with implications for global policy, innovation, and interventions.

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