scholarly journals The Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Prevention of Allergic Diseases in Infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Sestito ◽  
Enza D'Auria ◽  
Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre ◽  
Silvia Salvatore ◽  
Valeria Tallarico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
English Language ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Atopic Disease ◽  
Allergy Prevention ◽  
Optimal Intervention

Allergic diseases have been linked to genetic and/or environmental factors, such as antibiotic use, westernized high fat and low fiber diet, which lead to early intestinal dysbiosis, and account for the rise in allergy prevalence, especially in western countries. Allergic diseases have shown reduced microbial diversity, including fewer lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, within the neonatal microbiota, before the onset of atopic diseases. Raised interest in microbiota manipulating strategies to restore the microbial balance for atopic disease prevention, through prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics supplementation, has been reported. We reviewed and discussed the role of prebiotics and/or probiotics supplementation for allergy prevention in infants. We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Database using keywords relating to “allergy” OR “allergic disorders,” “prevention” AND “prebiotics” OR “probiotics” OR “synbiotics.” We limited our evaluation to papers of English language including children aged 0–2 years old. Different products or strains used, different period of intervention, duration of supplementation, has hampered the draw of definitive conclusions on the clinical impact of probiotics and/or prebiotics for prevention of allergic diseases in infants, except for atopic dermatitis in infants at high-risk. This preventive effect on eczema in high-risk infants is supported by clear evidence for probiotics but only moderate evidence for prebiotic supplementation. However, the optimal prebiotic or strain of probiotic, dose, duration, and timing of intervention remains uncertain. Particularly, a combined pre- and post-natal intervention appeared of stronger benefit, although the definition of the optimal intervention starting time during gestation, the timing, and duration in the post-natal period, as well as the best target population, are still an unmet need.

scholarly journals Traditional Farming Lifestyle in Old Older Mennonites Modulates Human Milk Composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti E. Seppo ◽  
Rakin Choudhury ◽  
Catherine Pizzarello ◽  
Rohith Palli ◽  
Sade Fridy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Atopic Disease ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dust Mites ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Old Order ◽  
Butyrate Production

BackgroundIn addition to farming exposures in childhood, maternal farming exposures provide strong protection against allergic disease in their children; however, the effect of farming lifestyle on human milk (HM) composition is unknown.ObjectiveThis study aims to characterize the maternal immune effects of Old Order Mennonite (OOM) traditional farming lifestyle when compared with Rochester (ROC) families at higher risk for asthma and allergic diseases using HM as a proxy.MethodsHM samples collected at median 2 months of lactation from 52 OOM and 29 ROC mothers were assayed for IgA1 and IgA2 antibodies, cytokines, endotoxin, HM oligosaccharides (HMOs), and targeted fatty acid (FA) metabolites. Development of early childhood atopic diseases in children by 3 years of age was assessed. In addition to group comparisons, systems level network analysis was performed to identify communities of multiple HM factors in ROC and OOM lifestyle.ResultsHM contains IgA1 and IgA2 antibodies broadly recognizing food, inhalant, and bacterial antigens. OOM HM has significantly higher levels of IgA to peanut, ovalbumin, dust mites, and Streptococcus equii as well TGF-β2, and IFN-λ3. A strong correlation occurred between maternal antibiotic use and levels of several HMOs. Path-based analysis of HMOs shows lower activity in the path involving lactoneohexaose (LNH) in the OOM as well as higher levels of lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) and two long-chain FAs C-18OH (stearic acid) and C-23OH (tricosanoic acid) compared with Rochester HM. OOM and Rochester milk formed five different clusters, e.g., butyrate production was associated with Prevotellaceae, Veillonellaceae, and Micrococcaceae cluster. Development of atopic disease in early childhood was more common in Rochester and associated with lower levels of total IgA, IgA2 to dust mite, as well as of TSLP.ConclusionTraditional, agrarian lifestyle, and antibiotic use are strong regulators of maternally derived immune and metabolic factors, which may have downstream implications for postnatal developmental programming of infant’s gut microbiome and immune system.

scholarly journals The Role and Place of Partially Hydrolysed Protein Infant Formulas in the Nutrition of Full-term Children: Digestive Comfort and Allergy Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-290
Author(s):  
Nataliia B. Migacheva ◽  
Evgeniia M. Mukhametova ◽  
Evgeniia G. Makarova ◽  
Sergey E. Ukraintsev
Keyword(s):  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Allergy Prevention ◽  
High Prevalence

The continued increase in the number of allergic diseases and the high prevalence of digestive disturbances in infants explain the interest of pediatricians, allergists and gastroenterologists in the development and improvement of nutritional methods for the prevention and correction of these pathologies. This article discusses current ideas on the role of partially hydrolysed protein formulas in infants’ nutrition for recovery of most common functional gastrointestinal disorders, allergy primary prevention. Also, the article discusses formulas place in sequential nutrition therapy of food allergy. Descriptions of cow milk proteins molecular characteristics and its allergens properties are presented. Features of creation and production of partially hydrolysed protein formulas are described as well.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Children’s Allergic Diseases: Refocusing the Role of the Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Hu ◽  
Yinmiao Dong ◽  
Chenghao Yang ◽  
Mingyi Zhao ◽  
Qingnan He
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Heterogeneous Cluster ◽  
Infant Diet ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Bacterial Groups

Allergic diseases comprise a genetically heterogeneous cluster of immunologically mediated diseases, including asthma, food allergy (FA), allergic rhinitis (AR) and eczema, that have become major worldwide health problems. Over the past few decades, the spread of allergic diseases has displayed an increasing trend, and it has been reported that 22% of 1.39 billion people in 30 countries have a type of allergic disease. Undoubtedly, allergic diseases, which can be chronic, with significant morbidity, mortality and dynamic progression, impose major economic burdens on society and families; thus, exploring the cause of allergic diseases and reducing their prevalence is a top priority. Recently, it has been reported that the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota can provide vital signals for the development, function, and regulation of the immune system, and the above-mentioned contributions make the GI microbiota a key player in allergic diseases. Notably, the GI microbiota is highly influenced by the mode of delivery, infant diet, environment, antibiotic use and so on. Specifically, changes in the environment can result in the dysbiosis of the GI microbiota. The proper function of the GI microbiota depends on a stable cellular composition which in the case of the human microbiota consists mainly of bacteria. Large shifts in the ratio between these phyla or the expansion of new bacterial groups lead to a disease-promoting imbalance, which is often referred to as dysbiosis. And the dysbiosis can lead to alterations of the composition of the microbiota and subsequent changes in metabolism. Further, the GI microbiota can affect the physiological characteristics of the human host and modulate the immune response of the host. The objectives of this review are to evaluate the development of the GI microbiota, the main drivers of the colonization of the GI tract, and the potential role of the GI microbiota in allergic diseases and provide a theoretical basis as well as molecular strategies for clinical practice.

Tertiary English-majored Students’ Perceptions toward the Role of Pronunciation in English Language Learning and their Practicing Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-279
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
English Language Learning ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
The University

Accurate pronunciation has a vital role in English language learning as it can help learners to avoid misunderstanding in communication. However, EFL learners in many contexts, especially at the University of Phan Thiet, still encounter many difficulties in pronouncing English correctly. Therefore, this study endeavors to explore English-majored students’ perceptions towards the role of pronunciation in English language learning and examine their pronunciation practicing strategies (PPS). It involved 155 English-majored students at the University of Phan Thiet who answered closed-ended questionnaires and 18 English-majored students who participated in semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed that students strongly believed in the important role of pronunciation in English language learning; however, they sometimes employed PPS for their pronunciation improvement. Furthermore, the results showed that participants tended to use naturalistic practicing strategies and formal practicing strategies with sounds, but they overlooked strategies such as asking for help and cooperating with peers. Such findings could contribute further to the understanding of how students perceive the role of pronunciation and their PPS use in the research’s context and other similar ones. Received 10th June 2019; Revised 12th March 2020; Accepted 12th April 2020

Tauchnitz for Translators. The Circulation of English-language Literature in Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Outi Paloposki
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Book History ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Book Production ◽  
German Publisher ◽  
Language Literature ◽  
Selection Of

The article looks at book production and circulation from the point of view of translators, who, as purchasers and readers of foreign-language books, are an important mediating force in the selection of literature for translation. Taking the German publisher Tauchnitz's series ‘Collection of British Authors’ and its circulation in Finland in the nineteenth and early twentieth century as a case in point, the article argues that the increased availability of English-language books facilitated the acquiring and honing of translators' language skills and gradually diminished the need for indirect translating. Book history and translation studies meet here in an examination of the role of the Collection in Finnish translators' work.

The prevalence of allergic diseases -The prevalence of atopic disease is decreasing・ from the surveillance in Himeji-

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Fumitake Kurosaka ◽  
Kazuta Shimizu ◽  
Katsumi Oka ◽  
Shigeta Shimizu ◽  
Hironobu Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Atopic Disease
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