scholarly journals State of Satiation Partially Regulates the Dynamics of Vertical Migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Bos ◽  
Tracey T. Sutton ◽  
Tamara M. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Species Assemblage ◽  
Stomach Fullness ◽  
Ocean Acoustics ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Nocturnal Feeding ◽  
Satiation Hypothesis

Vertical migrations into shallower waters at night are beneficial for migrators as they reduce predation risk and allow migrators to encounter a higher density of prey. Nevertheless, ocean acoustics data and trawl data have shown that a portion of some vertically migrating populations remain at depth and do not migrate. One hypothesis for this phenomenon is the Hunger-Satiation hypothesis, which in part states that the non-migrating portion of the migrating species-assemblage refrains from migrating if they have full or partially full stomachs from daytime or nocturnal feeding. However, stomach fullness of the non-migrating subpopulation compared to the migrating portion has rarely been studied, due to the difficulty in obtaining sufficient samples. The stomach fullness levels of numerically abundant crustacean and fish species with well-known depth distributions were quantified in the present study. Animals were captured during night trawls from discrete-depth intervals between 0 and 1,500 m. Stomach fullness indices were assigned from 0 to 5 and compared between migratory taxa caught in shallow and deep waters. Data from the crustaceansAcanthephyra purpurea, Gardinerosergia splendens, Plesionika richardi, andSystellaspsis debilis, as well as the fishesLampanyctus alatus, Lepidophanes guentheri, andNotolychnus valdiviae, provided support for the Hunger-Satiation hypothesis, while data from the crustaceansGennadas capensisandGennadas valensand the fishBenthosema suborbitaledid not. These findings suggest that stomach vacancy may be just one of several factors regulating the dynamics of vertical migration in those species whose behavioral plasticity suggests daily “choices” in whether or not to vertically migrate.

Energetic costs and benefits of cyclic habitat switching: a bioenergetics model analysis of diel vertical migration in coregonids

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Busch ◽  
Brett M. Johnson ◽  
Thomas Mehner
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Diel Vertical Migration ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Energetic Costs ◽  
Efficient Strategy ◽  
Parameterized Model ◽  
Energetic Constraints ◽  
Lake Stechlin

Recent studies on diel vertical migration (DVM) of two coregonid species ( Coregonus spp.) in Lake Stechlin (Germany) have suggested that the nocturnal distribution of fish is linked with metabolic benefits. We used a spatially explicit bioenergetics-based foraging model to test whether energetic constraints contribute to explain DVM of both species. The newly parameterized model was compared with independent data from Lake Stechlin that covered a 9 month period. Predicted growth rates matched observed growth rates of each fish species reasonably well. The simulation of different migration scenarios showed that even slight changes in night-time depths modified growth rates, primarily owing to temperature-dependent respiration. Fish that performed DVM grew faster than nonmigratory fish that occupied deep hypolimnetic water over a diel cycle. However, the most energy-efficient strategy simulated had fish remaining within the metalimnion. Here, energetic benefits (foraging) clearly outweighed higher energetic costs (respiration) in the warmer waters. Although DVM can be energetically beneficial, it is not the most efficient strategy performed by coregonids in Lake Stechlin. We suggest that multiple factors, rather than bioenergetics efficiency alone, are the evolutionary basis for DVM of many freshwater fish species.

scholarly journals The Composition and Relative Abundance of Fish Species in a Mangrove Creek in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, Based on Different Types of Gear

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Blessing Julius Oribhabor ◽  
Mfon Timothy Udo ◽  
Lawrence Etima ◽  
Ahmed Sardauna Adisa-Bolantab
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Species Assemblage ◽  
Benthic Species ◽  
Mangrove Creek ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sarotherodon Melanotheron ◽  
Permanent Residents

The composition and relative abundance of fish species assemblage of a mangrove creek in the Niger Delta, Nigeria based on different types of gear was assessed at four stations between November 2004 and June 2006. The overall community structure was made up of 25 species of 16 families. Visual observation showed that tilapia species comprising of Sarotherodon melanotheron and Tilapia guineensis were the most dominant species. Samples from baited entrance traps indicated that S. melanotheron dominated T. guineensis. Samples from baited hook and line, and cast net showed dominance of P. elongatus followed by P. quadrifilis. (The baited hook and line is commonly used by the fishers because it is effective in catching diversity of species, except that it is unable to catch bottom feeders such as mullets and tilapia species). Funnel entrance trap had the highest species selectivity, catching only tilapia species. Cast net was more selective in species catch than baited hook and line, but it was effective in catching both pelagic and benthic species. Among the fish species, members of the families: Sciaenidae, Polynemidae, Ariidae, Monodactylidae and Cichlidae were permanent residents; Carangidae, Luthjanidae and Serranidae were temporary residents; while Elopidae, Gobiidae, Dasyatidae, Cynoglossidae, Sphyraenidae and Trichiuridae were rare species. Keywords: composition

scholarly journals Spatial and nycthemeral distribution of the zooneuston off Fernando de Noronha, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Maria de Albuquerque Lira ◽  
Igor de Ávila Teixeira ◽  
Cynthia Dayanne Mello de Lima ◽  
Gleice de Souza Santos ◽  
Sigrid Neumann Leitão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
First Record ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Fernando De Noronha ◽  
Upward Transport ◽  
Vertical Turbulence ◽  
Density And Biomass

Island environments drastically modify the hydrodynamics of ocean currents and generate strong vertical turbulence. This leads to an upward transport of nutrient-rich waters, thus increasing the biomass of plankton in these oceanic marine environments. The objective of this study was to assess the biomass and density of the zooneuston communities in relation to the upper and lower layers (epi-/hyponeuston), the nycthemeral variation (day/night), the currents in relation to the island (downstream vs upstream), and the distance from the island, focusing on the spatial variability. Samples were taken in July and August 2010 with a David-Hempel neuston net (Hydro-Bios) with a mesh size of 500 µm. Twenty-one taxa were recorded. The most abundant taxa were Copepoda, Chaetognatha, Teleostei (eggs) and Hydrozoa. This is the first record of phoronid larvae for the waters of the Tropical Atlantic. For both layers, density and biomass were significantly higher at night. Density and biomass were always significantly higher in the upper (epineuston) layer than in the lower (hyponeuston) layer. This was probably due to a zooneuston aggregation at the surface and massive vertical migration from deep waters at night, leading to increased abundances at night in both neuston layers.

Impact of food concentration on diel vertical migration behaviour of Daphnia pulex under fish predation risk

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 614 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryem Beklioglu ◽  
Ayse Gul Gozen ◽  
Feriha Yıldırım ◽  
Pelin Zorlu ◽  
Sertac Onde
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Diel Vertical Migration ◽  
Daphnia Pulex ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Migration Behaviour

An optimisation model of the diel vertical migration of northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) in the Clyde Sea and the Kattegat

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (S3) ◽  
pp. 38-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraint Tarling ◽  
Michael Burrows ◽  
Jack Matthews ◽  
Reinhard Saborowski ◽  
Friedrich Buchholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Diel Vertical Migration ◽  
Energy Gain ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Meganyctiphanes Norvegica ◽  
Optimisation Model ◽  
Clyde Sea

An optimisation model was developed to examine the effect of predation risk and environmental conditions on the diel vertical migration (DVM) of adult northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica). Model predictions were compared in two locations with contrasting environmental conditions, the Clyde Sea and the Kattegat. The model was constructed from a combination of parameterised functions and empirical field data obtained during summer conditions. Parameter matrices were set up to cover the entire water column over a 24-h period. The first matrix contained values for "net energy gain," which incorporated empirical data on temperature-dependent respiration, copepod and phytoplankton abundance, and a functional response model for feeding rate. The second matrix expressed the risk of encountering a generalised visual (fish) predator as a function of light levels. The optimisation procedure sought a path through depth and time such that the energy gain was equal to the amount necessary to grow, produce eggs, and moult, while the risk of predation was minimised. The model predicted DVM in both the Clyde Sea and the Kattegat. Sensitivity analyses showed that the predicted DVM pattern was mainly driven by food and predation risk, with temperature effects on metabolic costs having a minor effect.

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