scholarly journals Within- and Trans-Generational Environmental Adaptation to Climate Change: Perspectives and New Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naim M. Bautista ◽  
Amélie Crespel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Individual Survival ◽  
Population Maintenance ◽  
Plastic Responses ◽  
Empirical Approaches

The current and projected impacts of climate change are shaped by unprecedented rates of change in environmental conditions. These changes likely mismatch the existing coping capacities of organisms within-generations and impose challenges for population resilience across generations. To better understand the impacts of projected scenarios of climate change on organismal fitness and population maintenance, it is crucial to consider and integrate the proximate sources of variability of plastic and adaptive responses to environmental change in future empirical approaches. Here we explore the implications of considering: (a) the variability in different time-scale events of climate change; (b) the variability in plastic responses from embryonic to adult developmental stages; (c) the importance of considering the species life-history traits; and (d) the influence of trans-generational effects for individual survival and population maintenance. Finally, we posit a list of future challenges with questions and approaches that will help to elucidate knowledge gaps, to better inform conservation and management actions in preserving ecosystems and biodiversity.

scholarly journals Climate Change And Migration: Law and Policy Perspectives in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Mahmud NASER
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Straightforward Solution ◽  
And Migration

AbstractGlobal climate change and consequent potential migration pose a number of challenges and are becoming increasingly important policy issues for Bangladesh. Therefore, policy responses need to deal with diverse issues, including sustainable development (SD), adaptation to climate change, and humanitarian assistance, to address the future challenges posed by climate change and consequent human displacement. There is no simple and straightforward solution to the challenges posed by climate-induced migration, and a “one-size-fits-all” approach will not effectively resolve the complex nature, and patterns, of population displacement. Rather than any single approach, a multifarious, comprehensive, proactive, and coherent policy approach is imperative for managing climate-induced migration in an orderly and humane manner. Based on the available data regarding the environment, climate change, and migration, this paper suggests a range of policy tools and approaches. It also sets out a road map showing how policy interventions could contribute to better integrating the full spectrum of migration issues and concerns into an overall environmental and developmental policy, and vice versa, within Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Adaptation to climate change through genetic accommodation and assimilation of plastic phenotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1768) ◽  
pp. 20180176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Accommodation ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Climate Change Responses ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Environmentally Responsive

Theory suggests that evolutionary changes in phenotypic plasticity could either hinder or facilitate evolutionary rescue in a changing climate. Nevertheless, the actual role of evolving plasticity in the responses of natural populations to climate change remains unresolved. Direct observations of evolutionary change in nature are rare, making it difficult to assess the relative contributions of changes in trait means versus changes in plasticity to climate change responses. To address this gap, this review explores several proxies that can be used to understand evolving plasticity in the context of climate change, including space for time substitutions, experimental evolution and tests for genomic divergence at environmentally responsive loci. Comparisons among populations indicate a prominent role for divergence in environmentally responsive traits in local adaptation to climatic gradients. Moreover, genomic comparisons among such populations have identified pervasive divergence in the regulatory regions of environmentally responsive loci. Taken together, these lines of evidence suggest that divergence in plasticity plays a prominent role in adaptation to climatic gradients over space, indicating that evolving plasticity is also likely to play a key role in adaptive responses to climate change through time. This suggests that genetic variation in plastic responses to the environment (G × E) might be an important predictor of species' vulnerabilities to climate-driven decline or extinction.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of plasticity in phenotypic adaptation to rapid environmental change’.

scholarly journals Molecular Tools for Adapting Viticulture to Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éric Gomès ◽  
Pascale Maillot ◽  
Éric Duchêne
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change

Adaptation of viticulture to climate change includes exploration of new geographical areas, new training systems, new management practices, or new varieties, both for rootstocks and scions. Molecular tools can be defined as molecular approaches used to study DNAs, RNAs, and proteins in all living organisms. We present here the current knowledge about molecular tools and their potential usefulness in three aspects of grapevine adaptation to the ongoing climate change. (i) Molecular tools for understanding grapevine response to environmental stresses. A fine description of the regulation of gene expression is a powerful tool to understand the physiological mechanisms set up by the grapevine to respond to abiotic stress such as high temperatures or drought. The current knowledge on gene expression is continuously evolving with increasing evidence of the role of alternative splicing, small RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, DNA methylation, or chromatin activity. (ii) Genetics and genomics of grapevine stress tolerance. The description of the grapevine genome is more and more precise. The genetic variations among genotypes are now revealed with new technologies with the sequencing of very long DNA molecules. High throughput technologies for DNA sequencing also allow now the genetic characterization at the same time of hundreds of genotypes for thousands of points in the genome, which provides unprecedented datasets for genotype-phenotype associations studies. We review the current knowledge on the genetic determinism of traits for the adaptation to climate change. We focus on quantitative trait loci and molecular markers available for developmental stages, tolerance to water stress/water use efficiency, sugar content, acidity, and secondary metabolism of the berries. (iii) Controlling the genome and its expression to allow breeding of better-adapted genotypes. High-density DNA genotyping can be used to select genotypes with specific interesting alleles but genomic selection is also a powerful method able to take into account the genetic information along the whole genome to predict a phenotype. Modern technologies are also able to generate mutations that are possibly interesting for generating new phenotypes but the most promising one is the direct editing of the genome at a precise location.

scholarly journals A Framework for Monitoring Ecosystems-Based Adaptation to Climate Change: Experience from The Gambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10959
Author(s):  
Peter Gilruth ◽  
Lalisa A. Duguma ◽  
Peter A. Minang ◽  
Alagie Bah ◽  
Malanding S. Jaiteh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Effectiveness Monitoring ◽  
Management Actions

Implementing ecosystems-based adaptation (EbA) to climate change is challenged by the need to monitor biophysical, socio-cultural, and economic impacts which are usually context-specific. Therefore, robust frameworks are required that integrate impacts to better understand EbA effectiveness. Monitoring frameworks that are universally applicable to EbA are desirable, however their universal application is problematic as they should reflect a community-driven design that accommodates both donor reporting functions and the generation of local-level data and information to support management actions and community initiatives. Initial products from this research include a generic, five-step process for developing and testing adaptation indicators, a robust framework consisting of (i) the indicators, data and information used to design the framework, (ii) the operational EbA platform that houses and computes the adaptation indicators, and (iii) the participating institutions, and initial, community-level applications to guide water management, replenishment of the vegetation cover, and business development. Immediate benefits to rural communities include the re-orientation of performance indicators mapped to their needs as opposed to donor reporting alone. The framework contributes to the set of tools currently in use for EbA monitoring by offering an umbrella within which existing tools can be applied. Near-term future research will focus on improving the utility of the framework and its platform beyond reporting on key performance indicators (KPIs) by adapting the EbA platform to support changing management needs. Future research will be needed to understand the extent to which the environmental changes in The Gambia compared to changes across the Sahel and Sudano-Sahel regions of West Africa and whether the lessons learned from The Gambia could be extrapolated to the subregion.

Farmers’ perception, awareness and adaptation to climate change: evidence from northwest Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Lan Huong ◽  
Yao Shun Bo ◽  
Shah Fahad
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Experience Education ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Education Markets ◽  
Binary Logistic Model

Purpose This study aims to examine the extent to which farmers are aware of climate change and how they have modified their growing practices in response to perceived climate changes. Design/methodology/approach A logit model was used to explore farmers’ awareness and a binary logistic model was used to analyze their adaptive responses. Data from 335 farm households were collected from three provinces of Northwest Vietnam with different climate change vulnerability. Findings Farmers’ awareness of climate change was related significantly to household and farm characteristics. Farm experience, education level, location, tenancy status, soil fertility, access to credit, climate information, agricultural extension services, farmer groups, non-agriculture income, distance to market and house and climate change experience influence adaptation measure choices. Research limitations/implications These findings suggest that investment strategies must promote adaptation to climate change by supporting technological and institutional methods, such as education, markets, credit and information. Originality/value This study is the first study that uses econometric models to analyze farmers’ perception effect and adaptation to climate change aspect in Northwest Vietnam

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