scholarly journals Different Fish Meal and Fish Oil Dietary Levels in European Sea Bass: Welfare Implications After Acute Confinement Stress

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Francesca Pelusio ◽  
Alessio Bonaldo ◽  
Enric Gisbert ◽  
Karl B. Andree ◽  
Maria Angeles Esteban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
European Sea Bass ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Final Body Weight

To provide practical feeding management guidelines preceding a stressful episode during farming practices, European sea bass juveniles (initial weight: 72.3 g) were fed for 60-days different fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) dietary levels [high (30% FM, 15% FO, FM30/FO15), intermediate (20% FM, 7% FO, FM20/FO7), and low (10% FM, 3% FO, FM10/FO3)] in triplicate conditions. Fish were then fasted for 36 h and exposed to a 2-h acute crowding (80 kg m–3 biomass). Plasma biochemistry, skin mucus parameters and gene expression of stress and immune-related genes were performed before, at 2 and 24 h after crowding. At the end of the trial, the FM10/FO3 group showed lower final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate compared to the other treatments. Most of the plasma parameters were mainly affected by crowding condition rather than diet; however, after stress, lactate was higher in the FM30/FO15 group compared to the other treatments. Similarly, protease, antiprotease, peroxidase and lysozyme in skin mucus were mostly affected by crowding conditions, while fish fed FM10/FO3 displayed higher skin mucosal IgM and bactericidal activity against Vibrio anguillarum and V. harveyi. Most of the stress-related genes considered (hsp70 and gr-1 in the brain; hsp70, gr-1 and gr-2 in the head kidney), showed an overall expression pattern that increased over time after stress, in addition, hsp70 in the head kidney was also up-regulated in fish fed FM30/FO15 after stress. Higher plasmatic lactate together with the up-regulation of some stress-related transcripts suggest a higher reactivity to acute crowding of the stress-response mechanism in fish fed high FM and FO dietary levels. Otherwise, the higher skin mucosal IgM and bactericidal activity observed in fish fed FM10/FO3 dietary levels seems to indicate that acute crowding was able to activate a higher pro-inflammatory response in this treatment. Overall, the results of the present study seem to indicate that 10% FM and 3% FO dietary levels might affect stress and immune responses.

scholarly journals Effect of Light–Dark Cycle on Skin Mucosal Immune Activities of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) and European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Fishes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Diana Ceballos-Francisco ◽  
Alberto Cuesta ◽  
María Ángeles Esteban
Keyword(s):  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
European Sea Bass ◽  
Skin Mucus

Changes in different immune activities in the skin mucus of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) specimens exposed to a constant light–dark photoperiod (12 h L:12 h D) were studied. Samples were collected at 08:00 (light on), 14:00, 20:00 (light off), 02:00, and again at 08:00 to determine immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, several enzymes related to the immune system, and bactericidal activity. IgM levels were higher during the day in seabream and reached a minimum value at 20:00, but it was hardly affected in sea bass. No significant variations were recorded in the levels of protease and antiprotease. Peroxidase reached its maximum level in seabream at 02:00, the same time that it reached its minimum level in sea bass. Lysozyme showed little variation in seabream, but it was significantly lower at 14:00 than during the rest of the cycle in sea bass. Finally, different interspecific variations on bactericidal activity against Vibrio harveyi were recorded. The findings demonstrate that the immune parameters present in skin mucus of these important fish species are affected by the light–dark cycle and that there are substantial interspecies differences.

scholarly journals Dietary Phytogenics and Galactomannan Oligosaccharides in Low Fish Meal and Fish Oil-Based Diets for European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles: Effects on Gill Structure and Health and Implications on Oxidative Stress Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Torrecillas ◽  
Genciana Terova ◽  
Alex Makol ◽  
Antonio Serradell ◽  
Victoria Valdenegro-Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
European Sea Bass ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status

An effective replacement for fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) based on plant-based raw materials in the feed of marine fish species is necessary for the sustainability of the aquaculture sector. However, the use of plant-based raw materials to replace FM and FO has been associated with several negative health effects, some of which are related to oxidative stress processes that can induce functional and morphological alterations in mucosal tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary oligosaccharides of plant origin (5,000 ppm; galactomannan oligosaccharides, GMOS) and a phytogenic feed additive (200 ppm; garlic oil and labiatae plant extract mixture, PHYTO) on the oxidative stress status and mucosal health of the gills of juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). The experimental diets, low FM and FO diets (10%FM/6%FO) were supplemented with GMOS from plant origin and PHYTO for 63 days. GMOS and PHYTO did not significantly affect feed utilization, fish growth, and survival. GMOS and PHYTO downregulated the expression of β-act, sod, gpx, cat, and gr in the gills of the fish compared with that in fish fed the control diet. The expression of hsp70 and ocln was upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in the GMOS group compared with that in the control group, whereas the expression of zo-1 was downregulated in the PHYTO group compared with that in the GMOS group. The morphological, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical parameters of the fish gills were mostly unaffected by GMOS and PHYTO. However, the PHYTO group had lower incidence of lamellar fusion than did the control group after 63 days. Although the tissular distribution of goblet cells was unaffected by GMOS and PHYTO, goblet cell size showed a decreasing trend (−11%) in the GMOS group. GMOS and PHYTO significantly reduced the concentration of PCNA+ in the epithelium of the gills. The above findings indicated that GMOS and PHYTO in low FM/FO-based diets protected the gill epithelia of D. labrax from oxidative stress by modulating the expression of oxidative enzyme-related genes and reducing the density of PCNA+ cells in the gills of the fish.

The Effects of Dietary Vitamin C Levels on Tissue Ascorbic Acid Concentration and Growth in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.1758)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysun KOP
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
European Sea Bass ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Kidney Liver

The effect of different dietary levels of L-ascorbic acid on the growth and vitamin C concentration in the tissue of European Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.1753) with an initial body weight of 4.6±1.1 g was studied. Four practical diets were formulated to containing 10 (AA10), 25 (AA25), 42 (AA42) and 65 (AA65) mg ascorbic acid equivalent kg-1 diet. The results of a 20 week feeding trial showed that typical vitamin C-deficiency signs and high mortality in the fish fed with the AA10 diet. The fish fed with AA42 (42 mg kg-1 AA diet) showed a significantly higher final body weight than the other diets (P less than 0.05) and the concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA) in the brain of these fish were higher than in the other experimental group (P less than 0.05). In this study, the amount of storage in the organs occurred in this order: brain, kidney, liver.

scholarly journals The Introduction of Insect Meal into Fish Diet: The First Economic Analysis on European Sea Bass Farming

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brunella Arru ◽  
Roberto Furesi ◽  
Laura Gasco ◽  
Fabio Madau ◽  
Pietro Pulina
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
European Sea Bass

The economic and environmental sustainability of aquaculture depends significantly on the nature and quality of the fish feed used. One of the main criticisms of aquaculture is the need to use significant amounts of fish meal, and other marine protein sources, in such feed. Unfortunately, the availability of the oceanic resources, typically used to produce fish feed, cannot be utilized indefinitely to cover the worldwide feed demand caused by ever-increasing aquaculture production. In light of these considerations, this study estimates how aquaculture farm economic outcomes can change by introducing insect meal into the diet of cultivated fish. Several possible economic effects are simulated, based on various scenarios, with different percentages of insect flour in the feed and varying meal prices using a case study of a specialized off-shore sea bass farm in Italy. The findings indicate that the introduction of insect meal—composed of Tenebrio molitor—would increase feeding costs due to the high market prices of this flour and its less convenient feed conversion ratio than that of fish meal. Therefore, the expected environmental benefits of using this highly promising insect meal in fish feed do not align with the current economic interests of the aquaculture industry. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate this theme, and it must be noted that our findings cannot be generalized widely because a specific case study was used. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that efforts should be made—at least at the farm level—to find profitable ways to encourage the introduction of this attractive alternative to guarantee both economic and environmental sustainability in the near future.

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