scholarly journals Biomechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Cervical Interbody Fusion Cage With Novel SF/nHAp Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Chen ◽  
Yi Meng ◽  
Guozhi Wu ◽  
Zhize Liu ◽  
Xiaodong Lian ◽  
...  

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a commonly used surgical method for the treatment of cervical spondylosis. As ACDF surgery is widely used in clinics, identifying suitable materials to design and prepare cervical interbody fusion cages is a hot research topic. Here, we describe a new three-dimensional (3D) printing approach to create stretchable and tough silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/nHAp) composites with tunable mechanical properties. The compressive strength of the novel composites with biomimetic structure could reach more than 128 MPa. More importantly, the composites were prepared using 30% silk fibroin and 70% hydroxyapatite, a composition similar to the human bone tissue. Finite element analysis results indicate that the stress distribution of SF/nHAp composite cervical interbody fusion cages in vivo is more uniform than that of commercial Ti alloy cages. This study evaluates the effectiveness of SF/nHAp composites for application in cervical interbody fusion cages and in the field of bone tissue engineering.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 150496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Westhauser ◽  
Christian Weis ◽  
Melanie Hoellig ◽  
Tyler Swing ◽  
Gerhard Schmidmaier ◽  
...  

Bone tissue engineering and bone scaffold development represent two challenging fields in orthopaedic research. Micro-computed tomography (mCT) allows non-invasive measurement of these scaffolds’ properties in vivo . However, the lack of standardized mCT analysis protocols and, therefore, the protocols’ user-dependency make interpretation of the reported results difficult. To overcome these issues in scaffold research, we introduce the Heidelberg-mCT-Analyzer. For evaluation of our technique, we built 10 bone-inducing scaffolds, which underwent mCT acquisition before ectopic implantation (T0) in mice, and at explantation eight weeks thereafter (T1). The scaffolds’ three-dimensional reconstructions were automatically segmented using fuzzy clustering with fully automatic level-setting. The scaffold itself and its pores were then evaluated for T0 and T1. Analysing the scaffolds’ characteristic parameter set with our quantification method showed bone formation over time. We were able to demonstrate that our algorithm obtained the same results for basic scaffold parameters (e.g. scaffold volume, pore number and pore volume) as other established analysis methods. Furthermore, our algorithm was able to analyse more complex parameters, such as pore size range, tissue mineral density and scaffold surface. Our imaging and post-processing strategy enables standardized and user-independent analysis of scaffold properties, and therefore is able to improve the quantitative evaluations of scaffold-associated bone tissue-engineering projects.


Biomaterials ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (24-25) ◽  
pp. 3415-3428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhong Wang ◽  
Darya D. Rudym ◽  
Ashley Walsh ◽  
Lauren Abrahamsen ◽  
Hyeon-Joo Kim ◽  
...  

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Rottensteiner-Brandl ◽  
Rainer Detsch ◽  
Bapi Sarker ◽  
Lara Lingens ◽  
Katrin Köhn ◽  
...  

Alginate dialdehyde (ADA), gelatin, and nano-scaled bioactive glass (nBG) particles are being currently investigated for their potential use as three-dimensional scaffolding materials for bone tissue engineering. ADA and gelatin provide a three-dimensional scaffold with properties supporting cell adhesion and proliferation. Combined with nanocristalline BG, this composition closely mimics the mineral phase of bone. In the present study, rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), commonly used as an osteogenic cell source, were evaluated after encapsulation into ADA-gelatin hydrogel with and without nBG. High cell survival was found in vitro for up to 28 days with or without addition of nBG assessed by calcein staining, proving the cell-friendly encapsulation process. After subcutaneous implantation into rats, survival was assessed by DAPI/TUNEL fluorescence staining. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for the macrophage marker ED1 (CD68) and the endothelial cell marker lectin were used to evaluate immune reaction and vascularization. After in vivo implantation, high cell survival was found after 1 week, with a notable decrease after 4 weeks. Immune reaction was very mild, proving the biocompatibility of the material. Angiogenesis in implanted constructs was significantly improved by cell encapsulation, compared to cell-free beads, as the implanted MSCs were able to attract endothelial cells. Constructs with nBG showed higher numbers of vital MSCs and lectin positive endothelial cells, thus showing a higher degree of angiogenesis, although this difference was not significant. These results support the use of ADA/gelatin/nBG as a scaffold and of MSCs as a source of osteogenic cells for bone tissue engineering. Future studies should however improve long term cell survival and focus on differentiation potential of encapsulated cells in vivo.


2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Ning Dai ◽  
Jinqiang Wang ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Dawei Li ◽  
...  

The porous structure of the natural bone not only has the characteristics of lightweight and high strength but also is conducive to the growth of cells and tissues due to interconnected pores. In this paper, a novel gradient-controlled parametric modeling technology is presented to design bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffold. First of all, the method functionalizes the pore distribution in the bone tissue, and reconstructs the pore distribution of the bone tissue in combination with the pathological analysis of the bone defect area of the individual patient. Then, based on the reconstructed pore distribution, the Voronoi segmentation algorithm and the contour interface optimization method are used to reconstruct the whole model of the bone tissue. Finally, the mechanical properties of the scaffold are studied by the finite element analysis of different density gradient scaffolds. The results show that the method is highly feasible. BTE scaffold can be designed by irregular design methods and adjustment of pore distribution parameters, which is similar with natural bone in structural characteristics and biomechanical properties


2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 1173-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai Li ◽  
Run Liang Chen ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Yun Feng Lin ◽  
Wei Dong Tian ◽  
...  

Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and alginate(AG) are the most promising scaffolds in the bone tissue engineering for their stable mechanical characters and three-dimensional porous structure. This study aimed to assay the in vivo osteogenesis potentials by loading the autogenous bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on PLGA or AG. The results suggested that PLGA and AG are both ideal bone tissue engineering scaffold. BMSCs/AG has stronger osteogenesis potentials in vivo than BMSCs/PLGA.


Author(s):  
M. C Korinth ◽  
T Hero ◽  
A. H Mahnken ◽  
C Ragoß ◽  
K Scherer

AbstractZur Beurteilung des radiologischen, biomechanischen und histologischen Einwachsverhaltens neuer Materialien, Implantate und Cages für die zervikale interkorporelle Fusion, bieten sich Tiermodelle und hier insbesondere das Schafs-Halswirbelsäulenmodell an.In biomechanischen In-vitro-Versuchen an humanen Kadaver-Halswirbelsäulen wurden erste Erfahrungen hinsichtlich Primärstabilität eines Cage aus einer neuartigen, porösen TiOZur entsprechenden In-vivo-Beurteilung fusionierten wir 10 Schafs-Halswirbelsäulen in den Höhen C2/3 und C4/5 jeweils mit PMMA und einem Ecopore-Keramik-Cage und führten nativradiologische, sowie computertomographische Verlaufsuntersuchungen direkt post-operativ und alle 4 Wochen in den folgenden 2 bzw. 4 Monaten durch. Neben der Etablierung des Tiermodells, wurden die radiologischen Veränderungen im Verlauf und die Fusion der operierten Segmente analysiert. Darüberhinaus wurden Messungen der entsprechenden Bandscheibenfachhöhen (DSH) und Intervertebralwinkel (IVA) durchgeführt und verglichen.Nach Einbringen der Implantate in die Bandscheibenfächer nahm zunächst in beiden Gruppen die mittlere Bandscheibenfachhöhe und der Intervertebralwinkel zu (34,8%; 53,9%). In den folgenden Monaten verringerte sich die Bandscheibenfachhöhe nicht signifikant, deutlicher nach Ecopore-Fusion als nach PMMA-Interposition bis auf Werte unterhalb der Ausgangswerte. Ebenso nahm der Intervertebralwinkel im postoperativen Verlauf, deutlicher in der Ecopore-Gruppe als in der PMMA-Gruppe, ab (p < 0,05). Diese Veränderungen im Sinne einer Einsinterung der Implantate, konnte in den radiologischen Verlaufskontrollen morphologisch bestätigt werden. Die radiologisch beurteilbare Fusion, d.h. solide knöcherne Überbauung des operierten Segments, war nach Implantation eines Ecopore-Cage ausgeprägter (83%) als nach PMMA-Interposition (50%) (nicht statistisch signifikant).In diesem ersten Teil unserer In-vivo-Untersuchungen zu dem Einsatz des neuartigen Cage-Materials wurde die Anwendung im Spondylodesemodell der Schafs-Halswirbelsäule aufgezeigt. Es zeigten sich radiologische Unterschiede, in Bezug auf die ausgeprägtere Einsinterung des Ecopore-Cage und die deutlichere, nachweisbare Fusion des mit dem neuen Material operierten Segments. In dem ersten Teil dieser Studie wurden die radiologischen Veränderungen der fusionierten Segmente über mehrere Monate dargestellt und morphologisch analysiert, bevor die biomechanischen Analysen und Vergleiche in einem weiteren Teil präsentiert werden sollen. Animals are becoming more and more common as in vitro and in vivo models for the human spine. Especially the sheep cervical spine is stated to be of good comparability and usefulness in the evaluation of in vivo radiological, biomechanical and histological behaviour of new bone replacement materials, implants and cages for cervical spine interbody fusion.In preceding biomechanical in vitro examination human cervical spine specimens were tested after fusion with either a cubical stand-alone interbody fusion cage manufactured from a new porous TiOImmediately after placement of both implants in the disc spaces the mean DSH and IVA increased (34.8% and 53.9%, respectively). During the following months DSH decreased to a greater extent in the Ecopore-segments than in the PMMA-segments, even to a value below the initial value (p > 0,05). Similarly, the IVA decreased in both groups in the postoperative time lapse, but more distinct in the Ecopore-segments (p < 0,05). These changes in terms of a subsidence of the implants, were confirmed morphologically in the radiological examination in the course. The radiologically evaluated fusion, i.e. bony bridging of the operated segments, was more pronounced after implantation of an Ecopore-cage (83%), than after PMMA interposition (50%), but did not gain statistical significance.In this first in vivo examination of our new porous ceramic bone replacement material we showed its application in the spondylodesis model of the sheep cervical spine. Distinct radiological changes regarding evident subsidence and detectable fusion of the segments, operated on with the new biomaterial, were seen. We demonstrated the radiological changes of the fused segments during several months and analysed them morphologically, before the biomechanical evaluation will be presented in a subsequent publication.


Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Doughty ◽  
Nesrin Sarigul-Klijn

There are no full three-dimensional computational models of the pediatric spine to study the many diseases and disorders that afflict the immature spine using finite element analysis. To fully characterize the pediatric spine, we created a pediatric specific computational model of C1-L5 using noninvasive in vivo techniques to incorporate the differences between the adult and pediatric spines: un-fused vertebrae, lax ligaments, and higher water content in the intervertebral discs. Muscle follower loads were included in the model to simulate muscle activation for five muscles involved in spine stabilization. This paper is the first pediatric three-dimensional model developed to date. Due to a lack of experimental pediatric spinal studies, this 3-D computational model has the potential to become a surgical tool to ensure that the most appropriate technique is chosen for treating pediatric spinal dysfunctions such as congenital abnormalities, idiopathic scoliosis, and vertebral fractures.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 449-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly Taylor ◽  
Ariane Scheuren ◽  
Andreas Trüssel ◽  
Ralph Müller

AbstractThe molecular processes behind pathological bone remodelling seen in diseases such as osteoporosis are unclear. However, a recently developed methodological platform known as Local in vivo Environment (LivE) imaging has been used to link cellular expression data to the local remodelling and mechanical environment in 2D sections of bone tissue. The method therefore can be used to give insight into which proteins are important for pathological bone remodelling. However, the cells within bone tissue exist as a 3D network. Therefore extension of LivE to accommodate 3D data may provide additional physiologically relevant information that is not possible to determine using 2D analysis alone. This will have implications for the further understanding of the cellular basis that underlies bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Here the LivE imaging technique is expanded to incorporate data from cells in a three dimensional manner via a serial sectioning technique. The methodological steps involved in the LivE imaging approach are defined and the optimisation steps performed are explained in detail.


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