scholarly journals Effects of Soil Tillage, Management Practices, and Mulching Film Application on Soil Health and Peanut Yield in a Continuous Cropping System

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongqing Yang ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Fang Gao ◽  
Jihao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Mulching Film ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Our objective was to optimize soil management practices to improve soil health to increase peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield. We studied the effects of using rotary tillage with mulching film or without [rotary tillage with no mulching (RTNM)], plow tillage with mulching film or without, and green manure with mulching film (GMMF) or without [green manure with no mulching (GMNM)] over 3 years in Tai’an, China. Results showed that compared with RTNM treatment, GMNM and GMMF treatments significantly (P < 0.05) increased soil organic carbon, enzymatic activity, and the available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content. The dominant bacterial phyla in the soil across all treatments were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Bacterial richness and diversity in the soil were significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced after GMMF and GMNM treatments compared with those after RTNM treatment. The linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis indicated that Chloroflexi abundance in the 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil layers changed significantly (P < 0.05) after rotary tillage with mulching film and RTNM treatments, respectively, whereas that of Bacteroidetes changed significantly (P < 0.05) in the 0–10 layer after GMNM treatment. The abundance of the Xanthobacteraceae family of Proteobacteria in both soil layers changed significantly (P < 0.05) after GMNM and GMMF treatments. Redundancy analysis revealed that soil physical (soil bulk density and water content), chemical (soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), and biological (soil enzymatic activity and nutrient content) characteristics affect the soil bacterial community. Changed soil quality indices may be favorable for leaf photo-assimilate accumulation. Compared with RTNM treatment, GMNM and GMMF treatments significantly increased photosynthesis rate in the peanut leaf and decreased intercellular carbon dioxide concentration. Our results showed that compared with that after RTNM treatment, the average pod yield after GMMF and GMNM treatments increased by 27.85 and 21.26%, respectively, due to increases in the pods per plant and plant numbers. The highest yield of all treatments was obtained from the GMMF-treated plot, followed by that from the GMNM-treated plots. Thus, taking into consideration the residual pollution caused by plastic films, we propose GMNM as a suitable strategy to improve soil physicochemical and microbial properties and to increase the peanut pod yield.

scholarly journals Available plant nutrients in soil as influenced by planting methods and herbicidal treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-353
Author(s):  
Amandeep Singh Brar ◽  
Parmodh Sharma ◽  
Charanjit Singh Kahlon ◽  
U.S. Walia
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the predominant cropping system of North Indian region. Due to continuous following of rice-wheat cropping system every year, weed infestation particularly in wheat, has emerged a major problem resulting in reduced wheat yield and nutrient mining. Integration of suitable planting methods, along with effective weed control measures, can reduce the weed infestation and nutrient mining from the soil and can enhance available plant nutrients in the soil. To evaluate the influence of different planting techniques and weed control practices in wheat on available plant nutrients in soil, a field study was conducted at the department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (India) for two consecutive years. The treatments comprised of five planting techniques: conventional tillage, zero till sowing without rice stubbles, zero till sowing in standing rice stubbles , zero till sowing after partial burning of rice stubbles and bed planting and five weed control treatments i.e. clodinafop 60 g/ha, clodinafop 60 g/ha fb 2, 4-D 0.5 kg/ha, sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha, mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron 12 g/ha and unweeded (control). The experiment was conducted in split plot design with planting methods in the main plot and herbicidal treatments in the sub plot with three replications. The results of the study showed that zero till sowing of wheat in standing rice stubbles observed significantly higher soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium than conventional till wheat sowing after removal of rice residues. Although partial burning of rice stubbles also showed positive trend in soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium but retort was less distinct than rice stubbles without burning. Further, zero tillage alone also showed improvement in soil organic carbon and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium over conventional tillage. Application of herbicides did not diverge soil organic carbon, but significantly improved the available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in soil than the unweeded (control).

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FULZYME FERTILIZER, RICE RESIDUES AND DAP ON AVAILABLE OF SOME NUTRIENTS FOR THE SOIL OF BUDDED APRICOT SEEDLINGS PRUNUS ARMENIACA L. CV. "ZAGHINIA"

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Available Nitrogen ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca L ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Rice Residues

The study was conducted in the nursery of Hort. Dept., College of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University, Iraq, during 2018 season to study the response of budded "Zaghinia" apricot on seedlings rootstock to bio, organic and chemical fertilizers, and their effects on seedling growth. The studied factors were as follows: Bio fertilizer Fulzyme (0,1and 2 g. seedling-1 ), organic fertilizer (Rice residue) (0, 1 and 2 kg. seedling-1 ) and DAP fertilizers (0, 5 and 10 g. seedling-1 ). The study was performed by using split-split plots within factorial experiment in randomized complete block design (RCBD), with 3 factors and 3 replicates, by using 6 seedlings for each treatment. Treatment means were compared by using Duncan multiple levels at 5% p. the most important results obtained were as follows: 1 and 2 gm.seedling-1 of bio fertilizer (Fulzyme) and Chemical fertilizer (DAP) at the levels 5 and 10 g. seedling-1 affected significantly resulted in a significant increase in soil available nitrogen, while the addition of organic fertilizer (rice residues) and for both levels 1 and 2 kg. Seedling-1 gave a significant increase in nitrogen, phosphorus, ready-made potassium and pH of the seedling soil, and the bilateral interaction had a significant role in the growth of seedlings, especially the treatment of the interaction between the fertilizer (Fulzym) and organic fertilizer (Rice residues), which have a significant effect in giving the best results in available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, and the triple interference also gave a significant increase in all studied traits.

scholarly journals Impact of Soil Test Based Fertilizer Application on Yield, Soil Health and Economics in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-149
Author(s):  
M. Jayalakshmi ◽  
G. Prasadbabu ◽  
B. H. Chaithanya ◽  
R. Bindhupraveenaand ◽  
T. Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Frontline demonstrations were carried out to study the soil test-based fertilizer application on yield, soil health and economics in rice during the kharif seasons of 2017, 2018 & 2019 in farmers’ fields of Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. The demonstrations conducted in ten locations revealed that application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium based on soil test values resulted in an average yield increase of 5.01 per cent over the farmer’s practice. Demonstration plots recorded an average B: C ratio of 2.9 against farmers’ practice of 2.4 and the technology index reduced from 3.84 to 1.53 per cent. The organic carbon content increased from 0.45 to 0.50 per cent due the application of farmyard manure based on soil test value. The soil test based fertilizer application resulted in higher yield, net returns, B:C ratio and organic carbon content and low technology index indicates the feasibility of technology to adopt at farmers’ level.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Soil Properties under Gamhar (Gmelina arborea) Based Agrisilvicultural System

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Abhay Kumar ◽  
M. S. Malik ◽  
P. R. Oraon ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Sheela Barla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Available N ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Changes In Soil Properties

A two year experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi season of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at experimental site near Faculty of Forestry in main campus of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Sole cropping and gamhar based agrisilviculture systems with four different intercrops (arhar, cowpea, greengram and mustard) were under investigation. To study the overall scenario of soil properties under agrisilviculture system, soil samples were analysed at different profile depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm) to measure the changes in soil properties under the influence of gamhar (Gmelina arborea) tree and intercrops grown in between. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (dsm-1), organic carbon (%), available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (kg ha-1) were found higher at the soil depth 0-15 cm as compared to 15-30 cm due to addition of organic residue on the surface soil. Soil OC, available N, P and K in 0-15 cm as well as in 15-30 cm profile was found to be statistically significant. It showed an increase from initial value in all the treatments in 2016-17 and 2017-18. The increase was more in gamhar based agrisilviculture system than in sole tree and sole crops in both the years.

scholarly journals Soil and Leaf Nutritional Studies and Status of Healthy and Declined Mandarin Orchards

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Prashant Joshi ◽  
Dhiraj Kadam ◽  
Mayur Gawande ◽  
Vishal Maval
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The present investigation was carried out to determine soil and leaf nutritional status of some typical healthy and declined mandarin orchards of Amravati District (M.S) during 2016-19.Total twenty five representative surface and depth wise soil and leaf samples from healthy and declined mandarin orchards were collected and analyzed various nutrients in plant as well as leaf samples. The data analysis showed that total nitrogen content in healthy and declined mandarin orchards from surface soils varied from 0.045 to 0.093 % and 0.015 to 0.37% respectively. The available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of healthy orchards surface soils varied from 200.0 to 265.7 kg ha-1 , 22.0 to 35.3 kg ha-1 , 320.0 to 665.0 kg ha-1 and in declined orchards it varied from 130.4 to 203.5 kg ha-1 , 17.8 to 21.3 kg ha-1 , 360.0 to 744.4 kg ha-1 respectively. The exchangeable calcium and magnesium together constitute more than 80% of exchange complex. The exchangeable calcium, magnesium and sulphur content in healthy orchards surface soils varied from 26.34 to 30.22 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 11.71 to 16.92 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 0.27 to 0.90 kg ha-1 and in declined orchards it varied from 29.00 to 31.98 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 12.07 to 13.71 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 0.36 to 0.69 kg ha-1 respectively. Micronutrients status of orange orchards showed that available copper, zinc, iron and manganese in healthy orchards surface soils varied from 2.20 to 5.60 ppm, 0.50 to 0.79 ppm, 4.50 to 6.29 ppm, 12.61 to 18.11 ppm and in declined orchards it varied from 1.90 to 2.48 ppm, 0.35 to 0.46 ppm, 3.40 to 5.00 ppm, 8.10 to 12.24 ppm respectively. Findings revealed that total nitrogen, available nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, zinc and manganese content found more supporting in healthy orchards than declined ones. Depth wise distribution showed that total nitrogen, available nitrogen, phosphorus and copper showed decreasing trend with the soil depth. The leaf nutrient content in the plant showed that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in leaf of healthy orchards varied from 2.35 to 2.55%, 0.14 to 0.17%, 0.82 to 1.00% and in declined orchards it varied from 1.75 to 2.00%, 0.10 to 0.13%, and 0.84 to 1.70% respectively. Calcium, magnesium and sulphur content in healthy orchards varied from 3.00 to 3.90%, 0.60 to 0.74%, 0.21 to 0.19% and in declined orchards it ranged from 2.40 to 3.15%, 0.33 to 0.74%, and 0.19 to 0.23% respectively. Results pertaining to micronutrient showed that iron; manganese, copper and zinc in healthy orchards varied from 105.6 to 140.6 ppm, 21.72 to 34.62 ppm, 29.40 to 35.96 ppm, 30.45 to 39.18 ppm, and in declined orchards it varied from 70.66 to 100.00 ppm, 20.38 to 27.67 ppm, 21.72 to 26.05 ppm, and 17.24 to 25.00 ppm respectively. Results showed that a healthy orchard has significantly higher content of nutrient than declined orchards except potassium content

FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRENDS IN A RICE–WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM UNDER LONG-TERM USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. YADAV
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor

A long-term fertilizer experiment was conducted on the rice–wheat cropping system at four locations in India. Trends in partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen, benefit : cost ratio of fertilizer application, grain yield, changes in soil organic carbon, and available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were studied in control (N0P0K0), N (N120P0K0), NP (N120P80K0), NK (N120P0K40) and NPK (N120P80K40) fertilizer treatments. On average at all locations, continuous rice–wheat cropping for 16 years decreased the yield of rice by 57% in unfertilized plots and by 32% in plots receiving nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Over the same period wheat yields only declined in unfertilized plots by 18%; in plots receiving nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium yields increased by 18% and they increased by 33.6% in plots receiving nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. Partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen (the ratio of output value to the cost of a specific input) exhibited similar trends. Profit from fertilizer application, however, increased over the 16-year cycle by 130% in rice and by 262% in wheat in the treatment given nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. The long-term rice–wheat cropping system became depleted in soil organic carbon and available nitrogen and phosphorus at two locations but increased in organic carbon, available nitrogen and potassium at the third location. The available phosphorus and potassium content of the soil also increased at the fourth location.

scholarly journals The Comparative Efficiency of Organic, Mineral and Organo-Mineral Fertilizers for the Winter Wheat Grain Yield in the Forest-Steppe of the Volga Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00094
Author(s):  
Alevtina Kulikova ◽  
Evgeniy Yashin ◽  
Alexander Karpov ◽  
Elena Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Comparative Efficiency ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Fertilization System ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The study deals with organic, mineral and organo-mineral systems of winter wheat fertilization in the conditions of the Volga forest-steppe. According to the organic fertilization system, straw of the predecessor, green manure and Biocomposite-correct were introduced into the soil (typical medium-thick medium loamy chernozem) for green manure mass (vetch-oat mixture). The organo-mineral system included two options: straw applied together with nitrogen in a dose of 10 kg per 1 ton of straw and zeolite enriched with amino acids. The mineral fertilizers were nitrogene phosphorus with the NPK content of 16 kg ai/ha, carbamide and potassium chloride. In addition, highly siliceous rock zeolite was applied as a fertilizer. It was found that the use of organic and organomineral fertilizers improves the nutrient regime of the soil; in terms of the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the arable layer, these options were not inferior to the option with the use of mineral fertilizers. When introducing zeolite enriched with amino acids, the yield of winter wheat exceeded the option with the use of mineral fertilizers by 0.59 t/ha. The use of organic and organo-mineral fertilizers contributes to the production of environmentally friendly products

scholarly journals Potential of Melia dubia agroforestry system in soil improvement and environmental sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Narender K ◽  
Sandeep Arya ◽  
Krishma Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Melia Dubia ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Semi Arid Region

The current study intended to understand the influence of Melia dubia based agroforestry system on soil properties. The research was carried out at Gillan Khera in district Fatehabad, situated in the semi-arid region of Haryana. Analysis of soil samples were done for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon, soil moisture and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The soil pH and EC decreased more under trees than under control (sole wheat crop) i.e, 8.09 to 7.89 and 0.46 to 0.44 dSm-1 respectively. However, the amount of N, P, K, organic carbon (131.38, 16.00, 301.10 (kg/ha) and 0.46 % respectively) and soil moisture content was found higher in intercropped conditions at both soil depths.  Extra moisture in shaded conditions resulting in the breakdown of litter, mineralization and nitrogen gain at a faster rate compared to full sunlight conditions justifies the increased amount of nutrients, organic carbon and other favorable changes in the soil under trees. The current study recommends Melia dubia based agroforestry system as an excellent opportunity in order to enhance soil fertility and for environmental sustainability.

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