scholarly journals Comparative Study of Soil Properties under Gamhar (Gmelina arborea) Based Agrisilvicultural System

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Abhay Kumar ◽  
M. S. Malik ◽  
P. R. Oraon ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Sheela Barla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Available N ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Changes In Soil Properties

A two year experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi season of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at experimental site near Faculty of Forestry in main campus of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Sole cropping and gamhar based agrisilviculture systems with four different intercrops (arhar, cowpea, greengram and mustard) were under investigation. To study the overall scenario of soil properties under agrisilviculture system, soil samples were analysed at different profile depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm) to measure the changes in soil properties under the influence of gamhar (Gmelina arborea) tree and intercrops grown in between. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (dsm-1), organic carbon (%), available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (kg ha-1) were found higher at the soil depth 0-15 cm as compared to 15-30 cm due to addition of organic residue on the surface soil. Soil OC, available N, P and K in 0-15 cm as well as in 15-30 cm profile was found to be statistically significant. It showed an increase from initial value in all the treatments in 2016-17 and 2017-18. The increase was more in gamhar based agrisilviculture system than in sole tree and sole crops in both the years.

Evaluation of Soil Test Methods for Available Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Direct-Seeded Rice–Wheat Cropping Sequence

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
VIJAY KANT SINGH ◽  
POONAM GAUTAM ◽  
KHARAG SINGH ◽  
SUMAN SEN ◽  
VINEET KUMAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Available N ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

A study was carried out in an attempt to obtain simple and efficient soil test method(s) for determination of available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in Mollisols. Soil samples were collected before sowing of direct-seeded rice (DSR) and wheat in sequence to evaluate the soil test methods for available N, P and K. Methods used were wet-oxidation for organic carbon (OC); alkaline KMnO4 for available N; Olsen’s-P, AB-DTPA and Mehlich-I for available P; and NH4OAc-K, AB-DTPA and Mehlich-I for available K. Suitability of these methods for given soil nutrients was evaluated by comparing the R2 values (coefficient of determination) obtained from regression analysis. Results showed that the R2 values of obtained equations by using different combinations of soil test methods for the determination of available N, P and K in soil were highly significant in both the crops. Highest R2 value for DSR (0.442**) and wheat (0.898**) were observed with the combination of OC, Olsen’s-P, ABDTPA-K, and OC, Olsen’s-P, Mehlich-K, respectively. It showed that these combinations are more promising and superior over other methods.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FULZYME FERTILIZER, RICE RESIDUES AND DAP ON AVAILABLE OF SOME NUTRIENTS FOR THE SOIL OF BUDDED APRICOT SEEDLINGS PRUNUS ARMENIACA L. CV. "ZAGHINIA"

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Available Nitrogen ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca L ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Rice Residues

The study was conducted in the nursery of Hort. Dept., College of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University, Iraq, during 2018 season to study the response of budded "Zaghinia" apricot on seedlings rootstock to bio, organic and chemical fertilizers, and their effects on seedling growth. The studied factors were as follows: Bio fertilizer Fulzyme (0,1and 2 g. seedling-1 ), organic fertilizer (Rice residue) (0, 1 and 2 kg. seedling-1 ) and DAP fertilizers (0, 5 and 10 g. seedling-1 ). The study was performed by using split-split plots within factorial experiment in randomized complete block design (RCBD), with 3 factors and 3 replicates, by using 6 seedlings for each treatment. Treatment means were compared by using Duncan multiple levels at 5% p. the most important results obtained were as follows: 1 and 2 gm.seedling-1 of bio fertilizer (Fulzyme) and Chemical fertilizer (DAP) at the levels 5 and 10 g. seedling-1 affected significantly resulted in a significant increase in soil available nitrogen, while the addition of organic fertilizer (rice residues) and for both levels 1 and 2 kg. Seedling-1 gave a significant increase in nitrogen, phosphorus, ready-made potassium and pH of the seedling soil, and the bilateral interaction had a significant role in the growth of seedlings, especially the treatment of the interaction between the fertilizer (Fulzym) and organic fertilizer (Rice residues), which have a significant effect in giving the best results in available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, and the triple interference also gave a significant increase in all studied traits.

Influence of conservation tillage practices on soil properties and crop yields for maize and wheat cultivation in Beijing, China

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xirui Zhang ◽  
Hongwen Li ◽  
Jin He ◽  
Qingjie Wang ◽  
Mohammad H. Golabi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Available N ◽  
Beijing Area

Conservation tillage is becoming increasingly attractive to farmers because it involves lower production costs than does conventional tillage. The long-term effects of sub-soiling tillage (ST), no tillage (NT), and conventional tillage (CT) on soil properties and crop yields were investigated over an 8-year period (2000–07). The study was conducted in a 2-crop-a-year region (Daxing) and a 1-crop-a-year region (Changping) of the Beijing area in China. At 0–0.30 m soil depth, water stability of macro-aggregates (>0.25 mm) was much greater for ST (22.1%) and NT (12.0%) than for CT in Daxing, and the improvements in Changping were 18.9% and 9.5%, respectively. ST and NT significantly (P < 0.05) improved aeration porosity by 14.5% and 10.6%, respectively, at Daxing and by 17.0% and 8.6% at Changping compared with CT treatment. Soil bulk density after 8 years was 0.8–1.5% lower in ST and NT treatments than in CT at both sites. Soil organic matter and available N and P followed the same order ST ≈ NT > CT at both sites. Consequently, crop yields in ST and NT plots were higher than in CT plots due to improved soil physical and chemical properties. Within the conservation tillage treatments, despite similar economic benefit, the effects on crop yields for ST were better than for NT. Mean (2000–07) crop yields for ST were 0.2% and 1.5% higher than for NT at Daxing and Changping, respectively. We therefore conclude that ST is the most suitable conservation tillage practice for annual 2-crop-a-year and 1-crop-a-year regions in the Beijing area.

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium prediction in soils, using infrared spectroscopy

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongni Shao ◽  
Yong He
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Destructive Measurement

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of the infrared spectroscopy technique for non-destructive measurement of soil properties. For the study, 280 soil samples were collected from several regions in Zhejiang, China. Data from near infrared (NIR, 800–2500 nm), mid infrared (MIR, 4000–400 cm–1), and the combined NIR–MIR regions were compared to determine which produced the best prediction of soil properties. Least-squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) were applied to construct calibration models for soil properties such as available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The results showed that both spectral regions contained substantial information on N, P, and K in the soils studied, and the combined NIR–MIR region did a little worse than either the NIR or MIR region. Optimal results were obtained through LS-SVM compared with the standard partial least-squares regression method, and the correlation coefficient of prediction (rp), root mean square error for prediction, and bias were, respectively, 0.90, 16.28 mg/kg, and 0.96 mg/kg for the prediction results of N in the NIR region; and 0.88, 41.62 mg/kg, and –2.28 mg/kg for the prediction results of P, and 0.89, 33.47 mg/kg, and 2.96 mg/kg for the prediction results of K, both in the MIR region. This work demonstrated the potential of LS-SVM coupled to infrared reflectance spectroscopy for more efficient soil analysis and the acquisition of soil information.

scholarly journals Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Properties and Nutrient Uptake by Red Onion

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kwada Kwaghe ◽  
Abdullahi Muhammad Saddiq ◽  
Rejoice Ibrahim Solomon ◽  
Salihu Ardo Musa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Field experiments were carried out during the dry seasons in (2012-2013 and 2013-2014) to study the impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on some soil properties and nutrients uptake by red onion (Allium cepa L.) in Moda, Michika, Adamawa state, Nigeria. Soil samples were randomly collected and analysed for pH, EC, organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus before and at the completion of the experiment. Total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the onion bulbs were determined. There was an improvement in the fertility status of the soil as a consequence of integrated nutrient management. Combined organic and inorganic fertilizer application influenced the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by red onion. The highest nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium uptake by onions of 0.76, 43.82 and 2.42kgha-1 occurred when all treatments were combined. Uptake of N and K increased as treatment level increased. The P uptake was highest at lower treatment levels and could be linked to sufficiency of indigenous soil P for plant growth resulting in high P uptake with minimal addition of nutrient inputs. Integrated Nutrient Management could be adopted to improve soil fertility status and N, P and K uptake by red onions.

scholarly journals Soil and Leaf Nutritional Studies and Status of Healthy and Declined Mandarin Orchards

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Prashant Joshi ◽  
Dhiraj Kadam ◽  
Mayur Gawande ◽  
Vishal Maval
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The present investigation was carried out to determine soil and leaf nutritional status of some typical healthy and declined mandarin orchards of Amravati District (M.S) during 2016-19.Total twenty five representative surface and depth wise soil and leaf samples from healthy and declined mandarin orchards were collected and analyzed various nutrients in plant as well as leaf samples. The data analysis showed that total nitrogen content in healthy and declined mandarin orchards from surface soils varied from 0.045 to 0.093 % and 0.015 to 0.37% respectively. The available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of healthy orchards surface soils varied from 200.0 to 265.7 kg ha-1 , 22.0 to 35.3 kg ha-1 , 320.0 to 665.0 kg ha-1 and in declined orchards it varied from 130.4 to 203.5 kg ha-1 , 17.8 to 21.3 kg ha-1 , 360.0 to 744.4 kg ha-1 respectively. The exchangeable calcium and magnesium together constitute more than 80% of exchange complex. The exchangeable calcium, magnesium and sulphur content in healthy orchards surface soils varied from 26.34 to 30.22 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 11.71 to 16.92 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 0.27 to 0.90 kg ha-1 and in declined orchards it varied from 29.00 to 31.98 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 12.07 to 13.71 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 0.36 to 0.69 kg ha-1 respectively. Micronutrients status of orange orchards showed that available copper, zinc, iron and manganese in healthy orchards surface soils varied from 2.20 to 5.60 ppm, 0.50 to 0.79 ppm, 4.50 to 6.29 ppm, 12.61 to 18.11 ppm and in declined orchards it varied from 1.90 to 2.48 ppm, 0.35 to 0.46 ppm, 3.40 to 5.00 ppm, 8.10 to 12.24 ppm respectively. Findings revealed that total nitrogen, available nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, zinc and manganese content found more supporting in healthy orchards than declined ones. Depth wise distribution showed that total nitrogen, available nitrogen, phosphorus and copper showed decreasing trend with the soil depth. The leaf nutrient content in the plant showed that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in leaf of healthy orchards varied from 2.35 to 2.55%, 0.14 to 0.17%, 0.82 to 1.00% and in declined orchards it varied from 1.75 to 2.00%, 0.10 to 0.13%, and 0.84 to 1.70% respectively. Calcium, magnesium and sulphur content in healthy orchards varied from 3.00 to 3.90%, 0.60 to 0.74%, 0.21 to 0.19% and in declined orchards it ranged from 2.40 to 3.15%, 0.33 to 0.74%, and 0.19 to 0.23% respectively. Results pertaining to micronutrient showed that iron; manganese, copper and zinc in healthy orchards varied from 105.6 to 140.6 ppm, 21.72 to 34.62 ppm, 29.40 to 35.96 ppm, 30.45 to 39.18 ppm, and in declined orchards it varied from 70.66 to 100.00 ppm, 20.38 to 27.67 ppm, 21.72 to 26.05 ppm, and 17.24 to 25.00 ppm respectively. Results showed that a healthy orchard has significantly higher content of nutrient than declined orchards except potassium content

scholarly journals Optimization of Flooded Soil Recovery via Plant- Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Symbiotic Interaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Nor Hazwani Aziz ◽  
Norazwina Zainol ◽  
Nanthinie Thangaperumal ◽  
Nor Hanisah Zahari
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Flooded Soil ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Soil Recovery ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

<p>Flooded soil recovery was optimized using experimental design methodology by manipulating the symbiotic relationship between soil fungi, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and the host plant (Allium cepa L.) planted in a soil containing AMF (SA). This was achieved by measuring the amount of nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) uptake by AMF using HACH spectrophotometer after 14 days of planting in several condition suggested by Design-Expert® software (Ver 7.1.6). In order to determine the optimum condition for the AMF to recover the flooded soil, the experiments were designed according to a central composite design in two variables following the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A quadratic polynomial model was generated to predict soil recovery. R2 for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was found at 0.89, 0.96 and 0.94 respectively of the range for the factors studied namely 24-32 ml water content and 4.0-6.0 cm depth of soil. Among two parameters, depth of soil showed significant effect on the recovery of flooded soil for phosphorus and potassium while for nitrogen both parameters showed insignificant effect. Model validation experiments showed good correspondence between experimental and predicted values at error for N, P, and K at 7.0%, 1.86% and 2.65% respectively. The optimal condition for soil recovery was at 28 ml soil water content and 5 cm soil depth. At this condition, the nutrient uptake by AMF was predicted to be at their maximum rate where the concentration of nutrients increased approximately by 2 to 3 times from the initial nutrient concentration.</p><p>Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 67-74</p>

scholarly journals Available plant nutrients in soil as influenced by planting methods and herbicidal treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-353
Author(s):  
Amandeep Singh Brar ◽  
Parmodh Sharma ◽  
Charanjit Singh Kahlon ◽  
U.S. Walia
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the predominant cropping system of North Indian region. Due to continuous following of rice-wheat cropping system every year, weed infestation particularly in wheat, has emerged a major problem resulting in reduced wheat yield and nutrient mining. Integration of suitable planting methods, along with effective weed control measures, can reduce the weed infestation and nutrient mining from the soil and can enhance available plant nutrients in the soil. To evaluate the influence of different planting techniques and weed control practices in wheat on available plant nutrients in soil, a field study was conducted at the department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (India) for two consecutive years. The treatments comprised of five planting techniques: conventional tillage, zero till sowing without rice stubbles, zero till sowing in standing rice stubbles , zero till sowing after partial burning of rice stubbles and bed planting and five weed control treatments i.e. clodinafop 60 g/ha, clodinafop 60 g/ha fb 2, 4-D 0.5 kg/ha, sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha, mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron 12 g/ha and unweeded (control). The experiment was conducted in split plot design with planting methods in the main plot and herbicidal treatments in the sub plot with three replications. The results of the study showed that zero till sowing of wheat in standing rice stubbles observed significantly higher soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium than conventional till wheat sowing after removal of rice residues. Although partial burning of rice stubbles also showed positive trend in soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium but retort was less distinct than rice stubbles without burning. Further, zero tillage alone also showed improvement in soil organic carbon and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium over conventional tillage. Application of herbicides did not diverge soil organic carbon, but significantly improved the available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in soil than the unweeded (control).

A simplified method for the extraction and analysis of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in soils

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 2543-2560 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Puchades ◽  
A. Llopis ◽  
M. D. Raigón ◽  
M. Peris‐Tortajada ◽  
A. Maquieira
Keyword(s):  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus
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