scholarly journals An Economical and Flexible Dual Barcoding, Two-Step PCR Approach for Highly Multiplexed Amplicon Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Pjevac ◽  
Bela Hausmann ◽  
Jasmin Schwarz ◽  
Gudrun Kohl ◽  
Craig W. Herbold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
Community Profiling ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Accuracy Of Results ◽  
The University ◽  
Medical University

In microbiome research, phylogenetic and functional marker gene amplicon sequencing is the most commonly-used community profiling approach. Consequently, a plethora of protocols for the preparation and multiplexing of samples for amplicon sequencing have been developed. Here, we present two economical high-throughput gene amplification and sequencing workflows that are implemented as standard operating procedures at the Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna. These workflows are based on a previously-published two-step PCR approach, but have been updated to either increase the accuracy of results, or alternatively to achieve orders of magnitude higher numbers of samples to be multiplexed in a single sequencing run. The high-accuracy workflow relies on unique dual sample barcoding. It allows the same level of sample multiplexing as the previously-published two-step PCR approach, but effectively eliminates residual read missasignments between samples (crosstalk) which are inherent to single barcoding approaches. The high-multiplexing workflow is based on combinatorial dual sample barcoding, which theoretically allows for multiplexing up to 299,756 amplicon libraries of the same target gene in a single massively-parallelized amplicon sequencing run. Both workflows presented here are highly economical, easy to implement, and can, without significant modifications or cost, be applied to any target gene of interest.

scholarly journals What Should Be Done with Pernkopf’s Anatomical Illustrations? A Commentary from the Medical University of Vienna

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herwig Czech ◽  
Christiane Druml ◽  
Wolfgang J. Weninger ◽  
Markus Müller
Keyword(s):  
Human Anatomy ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Anatomical Illustration ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Medical University ◽  
And Training

Thanks to a recent donation by Elsevier, the Medical University of Vienna now holds in its collections the known existing original paintings for Eduard Pernkopf's Atlas of Topographic and Applied Human Anatomy. This atlas is widely considered a pinnacle of the art of anatomical illustration. However, it is severely tainted by its historical origins. Pernkopf was a high-ranking National Socialist and co-responsible for the expulsion of hundreds of Jewish scientists and students from the university. Also, the Vienna Institute of Anatomy, which Pernkopf headed, received during the war the bodies of at least 1377 people executed by the regime, many for their political views or acts of resistance, including at least seven Jewish victims. Although it is impossible to individually identify the people used for the atlas, it is to be assumed that a considerable number of the paintings produced during and after the war are based on the bodies of these victims. Against this background, and out of respect for the victims, use of Pernkopf's atlas in medical teaching and training should be — wherever possible without compromising medical outcomes — reduced to a minimum. Given the strong variability of human anatomy, even the most detailed anatomical illustrations cannot replace teaching and training in the dissection room. As the experience at the Medical University of Vienna and elsewhere demonstrates, Pernkopf's atlas is far from irreplaceable. In keeping with the stipulations of the contract of donation, the Medical University of Vienna considers the Pernkopf originals primarily as historical artifacts, which will support the investigation and teaching of this dark chapter of the history of medicine in Austria, out of responsibility towards the victims. Table of Contents image credit: Medical University of Vienna, MUW-AD-003250-5-ABB-352

scholarly journals MANAGING THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW VERSUS THE EXPERIENCE OF THE HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITY AND THE UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA

Muzealnictwo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
Adam Tyszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
Humboldt University ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Medical University ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Medical History Museum founded in 2011 within the structure of the Medical University of Warsaw (WUM), following the solutions introduced at the Humboldt University in Berlin and the University of Vienna, is planning to shortly introduce coordination of protection and display of the historic tangible heritage of the school. In both Berlin and Vienna in the early 21st century the project of university collection inventory was launched. Just over several years it yielded a large-scale digitizing process, foundation of theme websites, publications, and organization of temporary exhibitions promoting the historic university collections. The Association of University Museums established in Poland in 2014 has for several years been drawing inspiration from the German and Austrian models. The WUM Medical History Museum, resorting to the experience of the Berlin and Vienna universities, has applied numerous ideas for the integration of the historic collections, their identification, and recreation. Following the history of medical collections in Warsaw from the 1st half of the 19th century up to contemporary times, the Author analyses the model for this museum strategy, while also presenting examples of dangers resulting from the mismanagement of university historic heritage.

scholarly journals Education in academic emergency medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic – our experience from an ongoing crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Mueller ◽  
Christoph Schriefl ◽  
Michael Holzer ◽  
Martin Roeggla ◽  
Anton N. Laggner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Teaching Program ◽  
Credit Hours ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
Teaching Responsibilities ◽  
The University ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Summer Semester

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in suspension of the whole teaching program at the Medical University of Vienna until the end of summer semester. Therefore, a substantial waste of learning time threatens. As the responsible department for emergency medicine teaching, we adapted our program to continue with our courses and maintain the learning progress. Our objective was to evaluate the number of conducted courses and to report the used methods.Methods: Teaching was classified in credit hours per week (CHW). One CHW represents 15 academic hours (45 minutes) during one semester. Computations were performed on basis of the official numbers from the prospectus of the university, or - if not available - were calculated with the formula above. Webinars were performed using CISCO Webex Events®, Webex Training® and ZOOM®. We further utilized Moodle® for resuscitation courses.Results: Overall, courses and clerkships equivalent to 80.2 out of 101.4 CHW (79.1%) will be held during the ongoing crisis in summer semester. Courses in winter semester were completed regularly. In the human medicine curriculum, we could perform 73.7 out of 94.9 CHW (77.7%). In the emergency lectures for the dentistry curriculum, we could adapt all courses to webinars (6.5 CHW, 100%). After adjustment for the exact number of students in each class, courses and clerkships equivalent to 78.7% could be conducted.Conclusions: Despite the challenge to be prepared for the treatment of numerous patients during an ongoing pandemic, we could maintain the majority of our teaching responsibilities. Although sufficient skill training cannot be achieved under those circumstances, we could provide the theoretical backgrounds to allow students further continuation in their studies.

scholarly journals Commemorative Lecture on the Occasion of the Medical University of Vienna's "Dies Academicus" and Announcement of Elsevier's Donation of the Pernkopf Atlas Anatomical Illustrations to the Josephinum

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Druml
Keyword(s):  
National Socialist ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
The University ◽  
Medical University

We are gathered here today, on this momentous occasion of March 12, 2021 to commemorate all those who were victimized by the National Socialist regime in Austria. These are not only the – above all – Jewish members of the University of Vienna, who were dismissed, expelled, murdered. No, these are also others who had to suffer injustice in connection with the university. Image credit: Table of Contents photo of the Josephinum provided by the Medical University of Vienna

scholarly journals Survey of Palliative Care Concepts among Medical Students and Interns in Austria: A Comparison of the Old and the New curriculum of the Medical University of Vienna

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. PCRT.S925
Author(s):  
G. Pohl ◽  
C. Marosi ◽  
K. Dieckmann ◽  
G. Goldner ◽  
K. Elandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Care Education ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
Palliative Care Education ◽  
New Curriculum ◽  
The University ◽  
Medical University

Background To improve the level of awareness in palliative care concepts, the new curriculum at the University of Vienna includes sixteen hours of palliative care education. The old curriculum did not include palliative care education. Aim To compare the level of awareness in palliative care concepts among 4th year students of the new curriculum of the Medical University of Vienna with interns who finished their studies in the old curriculum. Materials and methods: 440 medical students in their 4th year and 149 interns participated in a survey study. Data were collected after the survey and the responses were analyzed. Results Data analysis consists of completed survey obtained from 83% and 67% of the students and interns. We observed that students reported higher theoretical knowledge of palliative care concepts as compared to interns, whereas interns were better in performing practical aspects of palliative care. A significant percentage of students and interns would like to learn more about palliative care in their curriculum, although this was more present among interns (72.7% students and 92.6% interns, p < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion Although palliative care education is already included in a compulsory manner in the new curriculum of the Medical University of Vienna, almost two third of all students would support more implementation of palliative care issues throughout the curriculum. To further improve attitudes and skills towards patients at end of life, palliative care education should be augmented in the new curriculum.

scholarly journals Anatomical Science at University of Vienna 1938-45

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela C. Angetter
Keyword(s):  
Medical Faculty ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
Nazi Past ◽  
German Reich ◽  
The University ◽  
Medical University

60 years after the Anschluss (annexation) of Austria to the German Reich in March, 1938, Austria is still confronted by unaddressed questions about its Nazi past. After the fall of the National Socialist regime these questions were ignored or suppressed and for decades there was little discussion about events that occurred between 1938 and 1945 at the Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna. Investigations were launched only in response to initiatives from abroad. Table of Contents image credit: Medical University of Vienna, MUW-ZE-003250-0000_BEILAGE_BATCH5_0153-0198.

Comparison of the efficiency of the indexes of Pont and Korkhause with Kernott technique in patients with narrowing of maxilla

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
O. I. Admakin ◽  
I. A. Solop ◽  
A. D. Oksentyuk
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Standard Analysis ◽  
Clinical Hospital ◽  
Control Models ◽  
Diagnostic Models ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University ◽  
Medical University

Relevance. The narrowing of the maxilla is one of the most common pathologies in orthodontics. Recent studies show that the narrowing is always asymmetric which is connected to the rotation of the maxilla. To choose the treatment correctly one need a calculation that reveals the asymmetry, which is impossible with using standard indexes.Purpose – to compare efficiency of indexes of Pont and Korkhause with the Kernott's method in patients with narrowing of the maxilla.Materials and methods. The study involved 35 children aged from 8 to 12 years old undergoing dental treatment in the University Children's Clinical Hospital of the First Moscow State Medical University with no comorbidities. For every patient a gypsum model was prepared and after that to carry out the biometrical calculation. In this study two indexes were used: Pont's index and Korkhause's; using this standard analysis the narrowing of the maxilla was revealed. After using Pont's Index and Korkhaus analysis all the models were calculated by the method of Kernott with Kernott's dynamic pentagon.Results. As a result of the analysis of the control diagnostic models a narrowing of the maxilla in 69% of cases (n = 24) was revealed in all cases, the deviation of the size of the dentition was asymmetric. Thus, 65% of the surveyed models showed a narrowing on the right. This narrowing was of a different severity and averaged 15 control models.Conclusions. This shows that for the biometrics of diagnostic models it is necessary to use methods that allow to estimate the width of the dentition rows on the left and on the right separately. To correct the asymmetric narrowing of the dentition, it is preferable to use non-classical expanding devices that act equally on the left and right sides separetly.

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