scholarly journals Rhizosphere-Associated Microbiomes of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under the Effect of Increased Nitrogen Fertilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hangyu Dong ◽  
Shuxiu Fan ◽  
Haoyuan Sun ◽  
Conglin Chen ◽  
Aixin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Input

Crops assemble and rely on rhizosphere-associated microbiomes for plant nutrition, which is crucial to their productivity. Historically, excessive nitrogen fertilization did not result in continuously increasing yields but rather caused environmental issues. A comprehensive understanding should be developed regarding the ways in which crops shape rhizosphere-associated microbiomes under conditions of increased nitrogen fertilization. In this study, we applied 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA gene profiling to characterize bacterial and fungal communities in bulk and rhizosphere soil of rice subjected to three levels of nitrogen fertilization for 5 years. Soil biochemical properties were characterized, and carbon-, nitrogen-, and phosphorus-related soil enzyme activities were investigated, by assays. Increasing nitrogen fertilization led to a decreasing trend in the variation of microbial community structures and demonstrated a more definite influence on fungal rather than bacterial community compositions and functions. Changes in the level of nitrogen fertilization significantly affected chemical properties such as soil pH, nutrient content, and microbial biomass levels in both rhizosphere and bulk soil. Soil enzyme activity levels varied substantially across nitrogen fertilization intensities and correlated more with the fungal than with the bacterial community. Our results indicated that increased nitrogen input drives alterations in the structures and functions of microbial communities, properties of soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as enzyme activities. These results provide novel insights into the associations among increased nitrogen input, changes in biochemical properties, and shifts in microbial communities in the rhizosphere of agriculturally intensive ecosystems.

scholarly journals Responses of soil microbial communities and enzyme activities to nitrogen and phosphorus additions in Chinese fir plantations of subtropical China

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 10359-10387 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Y. Dong ◽  
X. Y. Zhang ◽  
X. Y. Liu ◽  
X. L. Fu ◽  
F. S. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Nutrient Additions

Abstract. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) additions to forest ecosystems are known to influence various above-ground properties, such as plant productivity and composition, and below-ground properties, such as soil nutrient cycling. However, our understanding of how soil microbial communities and their functions respond to nutrient additions in subtropical plantations is still not complete. In this study, we added N and P to Chinese fir plantations in subtropical China to examine how nutrient additions influenced soil microbial community composition and enzyme activities. The results showed that most soil microbial properties were responsive to N and/or P additions, but responses often varied depending on the nutrient added and the quantity added. For instance, there were more than 30 % greater increases in the activities of β-Glucosidase (βG) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in the treatments that received nutrient additions compared to the control plot, whereas acid phosphatase (aP) activity was always higher (57 and 71 %, respectively) in the P treatment. N and P additions greatly enhanced the PLFA abundanceespecially in the N2P treatment, the bacterial PLFAs (bacPLFAs), fungal PLFAs (funPLFAs) and actinomycic PLFAs (actPLFAs) were about 2.5, 3 and 4 times higher, respectively, than in the CK. Soil enzyme activities were noticeably higher in November than in July, mainly due to seasonal differences in soil moisture content (SMC). βG or NAG activities were significantly and positively correlated with microbial PLFAs. There were also significant relationships between gram-positive (G+) bacteria and all three soil enzymes. These findings indicate that G+ bacteria is the most important microbial community in C, N, and P transformations in Chinese fir plantations, and that βG and NAG would be useful tools for assessing the biogeochemical transformation and metabolic activity of soil microbes. We recommend combined additions of N and P fertilizer to promote soil fertility and microbial activity in this kind of plantation.

scholarly journals Effects of Salinity on the Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Oilfield Soils Emphasizing Degradation Genes and Soil Enzymes

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Wenjing Li ◽  
Lei Ji ◽  
Fanyong Song ◽  
Tianyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Pah Degradation ◽  
Pah Biodegradation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The biodegradation of organic pollutants is the main pathway for the natural dissipation and anthropogenic remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment. However, in the saline soils, the PAH biodegradation could be influenced by soil salts through altering the structures of microbial communities and physiological metabolism of degradation bacteria. In the worldwide, soils from oilfields are commonly threated by both soil salinity and PAH contamination, while the influence mechanism of soil salinity on PAH biodegradation were still unclear, especially the shifts of degradation genes and soil enzyme activities. In order to explain the responses of soils and bacterial communities, analysis was conducted including soil properties, structures of bacterial community, PAH degradation genes and soil enzyme activities during a biodegradation process of PAHs in oilfield soils. The results showed that, though low soil salinity (1% NaCl, w/w) could slightly increase PAH degradation rate, the biodegradation in high salt condition (3% NaCl, w/w) were restrained significantly. The higher the soil salinity, the lower the bacterial community diversity, copy number of degradation gene and soil enzyme activity, which could be the reason for reductions of degradation rates in saline soils. Analysis of bacterial community structure showed that, the additions of NaCl increase the abundance of salt-tolerant and halophilic genera, especially in high salt treatments where the halophilic genera dominant, such as Acinetobacter and Halomonas. Picrust2 and redundancy analysis (RDA) both revealed suppression of PAH degradation genes by soil salts, which meant the decrease of degradation microbes and should be the primary cause of reduction of PAH removal. The soil enzyme activities could be indicators for microorganisms when they are facing adverse environmental conditions.

Influence of the application of Fe–Mn–La ternary oxide-biochar composites on the properties of arsenic-polluted paddy soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1045-1056
Author(s):  
Lina Lin ◽  
Minling Gao ◽  
Xuewei Liu ◽  
Zhengguo Song
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Ternary Oxide ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Arsenic Fractionation

The effects of Fe–Mn–La ternary oxide-biochar composites on arsenic fractionation, soil enzyme activities, and microbial communities in arsenic-polluted soils were determined.

scholarly journals Divergence of dominant factors in soil microbial communities and functions in forest ecosystems along a climatic gradient

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1217-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Xu ◽  
Guirui Yu ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Nianpeng He ◽  
Qiufeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Microbial Plfas

Abstract. Soil microorganisms play an important role in regulating nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Most of the studies conducted thus far have been confined to a single forest biome or have focused on one or two controlling factors, and few have dealt with the integrated effects of climate, vegetation, and soil substrate availability on soil microbial communities and functions among different forests. In this study, we used phospholipid-derived fatty acid (PLFA) analysis to investigate soil microbial community structure and extracellular enzymatic activities to evaluate the functional potential of soil microbes of different types of forests in three different climatic zones along the north–south transect in eastern China (NSTEC). Both climate and forest type had significant effects on soil enzyme activities and microbial communities with considerable interactive effects. Except for soil acid phosphatase (AP), the other three enzyme activities were much higher in the warm temperate zone than in the temperate and the subtropical climate zones. The soil total PLFAs and bacteria were much higher in the temperate zone than in the warm temperate and the subtropical zones. The soil β-glucosidase (BG) and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activities were highest in the coniferous forest. Except for the soil fungi and fungi–bacteria (F/B), the different groups of microbial PLFAs were much higher in the conifer broad-leaved mixed forests than in the coniferous forests and the broad-leaved forests. In general, soil enzyme activities and microbial PLFAs were higher in primary forests than in secondary forests in temperate and warm temperate regions. In the subtropical region, soil enzyme activities were lower in the primary forests than in the secondary forests and microbial PLFAs did not differ significantly between primary and secondary forests. Different compositions of the tree species may cause variations in soil microbial communities and enzyme activities. Our results showed that the main controls on soil microbes and functions vary in different climatic zones and that the effects of soil moisture content, soil temperature, clay content, and the soil N ∕ P ratio were considerable. This information will add value to the modeling of microbial processes and will contribute to carbon cycling in large-scale carbon models.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and phosphorus regulation of soil enzyme activities in acid forest soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrah R. Fatemi ◽  
Ivan J. Fernandez ◽  
Kevin S. Simon ◽  
David Bryan Dail
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Acid Forest Soils

scholarly journals Contrasting Effects of Chinese Fir Plantations of Different Stand Ages on Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Communities

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoqun Wang ◽  
Lin Xue ◽  
Yuhong Dong ◽  
Lingyu Hou ◽  
Yihui Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Forest Age ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities

Soil enzymes and microbial communities are key factors in forest soil ecosystem functions and are affected by stand age. In this study, we studied soil enzyme activities, composition and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities and relevant physicochemical properties at 0–10 cm depth (D1), 10–20 cm depth (D2) and 20–30 cm depth (D3) soil layers in 3-(3a), 6-(6a), 12-(12a), 18-(18a), 25-(25a), 32-(32a) and 49-year-old (49a) Chinese fir plantations to further reveal the effects of stand age on soil biotic properties. Spectrophotometry and high-throughput sequencing was used to assess the soil enzyme activity and microbial community composition and diversity of Chinese fir plantation of different stand ages, respectively. We found that soil catalase activity increased as the stand age of Chinese fir plantations increased, whereas the activities of urease, sucrase and β-glucosidase in 12a, 18a and 25a were lower than those in 6a, 32a and 49a. Shannon and Chao1 indices of bacterial and fungal communities first decreased gradually from 6a to 18a or 25a and then increased gradually from 25a to 49a. Interestingly, the sucrase and β-glucosidase activities and the Shannon and Chao1 indices in 3a were all lower than 6a. We found that the relative abundance of dominant microbial phyla differed among stand ages and soil depths. The proportion of Acidobacteria first increased and then decreased from low forest age to high forest age, and its relative abundance in 12a, 18a and 25a were higher than 3a, 32a and 49a, but the proportion of Proteobacteria was opposite. The proportion of Ascomycota first decreased and then increased from 6a to 49a, and its relative abundance in 12a, 18a and 25a was lower than 3a, 6a, 32a and 49a. Our results indicate that soil enzyme activities and the richness and diversity of the microbial community are limited in the middle stand age (from 12a to 25a), which is important for developing forest management strategies to mitigate the impacts of degradation of soil biological activities.

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