scholarly journals Tea Plants With Gray Blight Have Altered Root Exudates That Recruit a Beneficial Rhizosphere Microbiome to Prime Immunity Against Aboveground Pathogen Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaomei Wang ◽  
Ruijuan Yang ◽  
Wenshu Peng ◽  
Yanmei Yang ◽  
Xiaoling Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community

Tea gray blight disease and its existing control measures have had a negative impact on the sustainable development of tea gardens. However, our knowledge of safe and effective biological control measures is limited. It is critical to explore beneficial microbial communities in the tea rhizosphere for the control of tea gray blight. In this study, we prepared conditioned soil by inoculating Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis on tea seedling leaves. Thereafter, we examined the growth performance and disease resistance of fresh tea seedlings grown in conditioned and control soils. Next, the rhizosphere microbial community and root exudates of tea seedlings infected by the pathogen were analyzed. In addition, we also evaluated the effects of the rhizosphere microbial community and root exudates induced by pathogens on the performance of tea seedlings. The results showed that tea seedlings grown in conditioned soil had lower disease index values and higher growth vigor. Soil microbiome analysis revealed that the fungal and bacterial communities of the rhizosphere were altered upon infection with Ps. camelliae-sinensis. Genus-level analysis showed that the abundance of the fungi Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Gliocladiopsis and the bacteria Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Bacillus, and Burkholderia were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the conditioned soil. Through isolation, culture, and inoculation tests, we found that most isolates from the induced microbial genera could inhibit the infection of tea gray blight pathogen and promote tea seedling growth. The results of root exudate analysis showed that infected tea seedlings exhibited significantly higher exudate levels of phenolic acids and flavonoids and lower exudate levels of amino acids and organic acids. Exogenously applied phenolic acids and flavonoids suppressed gray blight disease by regulating the rhizosphere microbial community. In summary, our findings suggest that tea plants with gray blight can recruit beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms by altering their root exudates, thereby improving the disease resistance of tea plants growing in the same soil.

scholarly journals Sugarcane-Legume Intercropping Can Enrich the Soil Microbiome and Plant Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh Kumar Malviya ◽  
Manoj Kumar Solanki ◽  
Chang-Ning Li ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Yuan Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Sugarcane Plant

Soil microbes have a direct impact on plant metabolism and health. The current study investigates the comparative rhizobiome between sugarcane monoculture and sugarcane–soybean intercropping. A greenhouse experiment was performed with two treatments: (1) sugarcane monoculture and (2) sugarcane–soybean intercropped. We used a high-throughput sequencing (HTS) platform to analyze the microbial community. We used the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer region primers to identify the microbial diversity. HTS results revealed that a total of 2,979 and 124 bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed, respectively. Microbial diversity results concluded that the intercropping system has a beneficial impact on soil microbes. The highest numbers of bacterial and fungal OTUs were found in the intercropping system, and these results also collaborated with quantitative PCR results. Additionally, intercropped sugarcane plants showed a higher weight of above- and below-ground parts than the monoculture. Soil chemical analysis results also complemented that the intercropping system nourished organic carbon, total nitrogen, and soil enzyme activities. Correlation analysis of the diversity index and abundance concluded that soil nutrient content positively influenced the microbial abundance that improves plant growth. The present study frames out the profound insights of microbial community interaction under the sugarcane–soybean intercropping system. This information could help improve or increase the sugarcane crop production without causing any negative impact on sugarcane plant growth and development.

scholarly journals Cooperation among phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, humic acids and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi induces soil microbiome shifts and enhances plant nutrient uptake

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenza Cozzolino ◽  
Hiarhi Monda ◽  
Davide Savy ◽  
Vincenzo Di Meo ◽  
Giovanni Vinci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi

Abstract Background Increasing the presence of beneficial soil microorganisms is a promising sustainable alternative to support conventional and organic fertilization and may help to improve crop health and productivity. If the application of single bioeffectors has shown satisfactory results, further improvements may arise by combining multiple beneficial soil microorganisms with natural bioactive molecules. Methods In the present work, we investigated in a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions whether inoculation of two phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. (B2) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (B3), alone or in combination with a humic acids (HA) extracted from green compost and/or a commercial inoculum (M) of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), may affect maize growth and soil microbial community. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting analysis were performed to detect changes in the microbial community composition. Results Plant growth, N and P uptake, and mycorrhizal root colonization were found to be larger in all inoculated treatments than in the uninoculated control. The greatest P uptake was found when B. amyloliquefaciens was applied in combination with both HA and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (B3HAM), and when Pseudomonas was combined with HA (B2HA). The PLFA-based community profile revealed that inoculation changed the microbial community composition. Gram+/Gram− bacteria, AMF/saprotrophic fungi and bacteria/fungi ratios increased in all inoculated treatments. The greatest values for the AMF PLFA marker (C16:1ω5) and AMF/saprotrophic fungi ratio were found for the B3HAM treatment. Permutation test based on DGGE data confirmed a similar trend, with most significant variations in both bacterial and fungal community structures induced by inoculation of B2 or B3 in combination with HA and M, especially in B3HAM. Conclusions The two community-based datasets indicated changes in the soil microbiome of maize induced by inoculation of B2 or B3 alone or when combined with humic acids and mycorrhizal inoculum, leading to positive effects on plant growth and improved nutrient uptake. Our study implies that appropriate and innovative agricultural management, enhancing the potential contribution of beneficial soil microorganisms as AMF, may result in an improved nutrient use efficiency in plants.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Surgical Training: the Past, the Present and the Future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Yiasemidou
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Surgical Training ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Surgical Services ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and infection control measures had an unavoidable impact on surgical services. During the first wave of the pandemic, elective surgery, endoscopy, and ‘face-to-face’ clinics were discontinued after recommendations from professional bodies. In addition, training courses, examinations, conferences, and training rotations were postponed or cancelled. Inadvertently, infection control and prevention measures, both within and outside hospitals, have caused a significant negative impact on training. At the same time, they have given space to new technologies, like telemedicine and platforms for webinars, to blossom. While the recovery phase is well underway in some parts of the world, most surgical services are not operating at full capacity. Unfortunately, some countries are still battling a second or third wave of the pandemic with severely negative consequences on surgical services. Several studies have looked into the impact of COVID-19 on surgical training. Here, an objective overview of studies from different parts of the world is presented. Also, evidence-based solutions are suggested for future surgical training interventions.

Corn rhizosphere microbial community in different long term soil management systems

2022 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 104339
Author(s):  
Eliane Cristina Gruszka Vendruscolo ◽  
Dany Mesa ◽  
Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community
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