Editorial: Predictive Modeling of Human Microbiota and Their Role in Health and Disease

AbstractEndospore-formers in the human microbiota are well adapted for host-to-host transmission, and an emerging consensus points to their role in determining health and disease states in the gut. The human gut, more than any other environment, encourages the maintenance of endospore formation, with recent culture-based work suggesting that over 50% of genera in the microbiome carry genes attributed to this trait. However, there has been limited work on the ecological role of endospores and other stress-resistant cellular states in the human gut. In fact, there is no data to indicate whether organisms with the genetic potential to form endospores actually form endosporesin situand how sporulation varies across individuals and over time. Here, we applied a culture-independent protocol to enrich for endospores and other stress-resistant cells in human feces to identify variation in these states across people and within an individual over time. We see that cells with resistant states are more likely than those without to be shared among multiple individuals, which suggests that these resistant states are particularly adapted for cross-host dissemination. Furthermore, we use untargeted fecal metabolomics in 24 individuals and within a person over time to show that these organisms respond to shared environmental signals, and in particular, dietary fatty acids, that likely mediate colonization of recently disturbed human guts.

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Implications of the Human Microbiota for Health and Disease

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct04203303 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Human Microbiota ◽

Health And Disease

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Human Microbiota in Health and Disease

10.1016/c2017-0-01893-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Human Microbiota ◽

Health And Disease

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The Crosstalk between Prostate Cancer and Microbiota Inflammation: Nutraceutical Products Are Useful to Balance This Interplay?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092648 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2648

Author(s):

Felice Crocetto ◽

Mariarosaria Boccellino ◽

Biagio Barone ◽

Erika Di Zazzo ◽

Antonella Sciarra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Therapeutic Application ◽

Human Microbiota ◽

Cancer Initiation ◽

Prostate Cancer Development ◽

Potential Therapeutic Application ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Prostatic Inflammation ◽

Urological Diseases ◽

Nutraceutical Products

The human microbiota shows pivotal roles in urologic health and disease. Emerging studies indicate that gut and urinary microbiomes can impact several urological diseases, both benignant and malignant, acting particularly on prostate inflammation and prostate cancer. Indeed, the microbiota exerts its influence on prostate cancer initiation and/or progression mechanisms through the regulation of chronic inflammation, apoptotic processes, cytokines, and hormonal production in response to different pathogenic noxae. Additionally, therapies’ and drugs’ responses are influenced in their efficacy and tolerability by microbiota composition. Due to this complex potential interconnection between prostate cancer and microbiota, exploration and understanding of the involved relationships is pivotal to evaluate a potential therapeutic application in clinical practice. Several natural compounds, moreover, seem to have relevant effects, directly or mediated by microbiota, on urologic health, posing the human microbiota at the crossroad between prostatic inflammation and prostate cancer development. Here, we aim to analyze the most recent evidence regarding the possible crosstalk between prostate, microbiome, and inflammation.

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The Human Microbiota in Health and Disease

10.1201/9781351068369 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael Wilson

Keyword(s):

Human Microbiota ◽

Health And Disease

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From Structure to Function: the Ecology of Host-Associated Microbial Communities

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews ◽

10.1128/mmbr.00014-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 453-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 229

Author(s):

Courtney J. Robinson ◽

Brendan J. M. Bohannan ◽

Vincent B. Young

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Human Microbiome ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Future Directions ◽

Human Microbiota ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Indigenous Microbiota ◽

And Function

SUMMARY In the past several years, we have witnessed an increased interest in understanding the structure and function of the indigenous microbiota that inhabits the human body. It is hoped that this will yield novel insight into the role of these complex microbial communities in human health and disease. What is less appreciated is that this recent activity owes a great deal to the pioneering efforts of microbial ecologists who have been studying communities in non-host-associated environments. Interactions between environmental microbiologists and human microbiota researchers have already contributed to advances in our understanding of the human microbiome. We review the work that has led to these recent advances and illustrate some of the possible future directions for continued collaboration between these groups of researchers. We discuss how the application of ecological theory to the human-associated microbiota can lead us past descriptions of community structure and toward an understanding of the functions of the human microbiota. Such an approach may lead to a shift in the prevention and treatment of human diseases that involves conservation or restoration of the normal community structure and function of the host-associated microbiota.

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Defining the resilience of the human salivary microbiota by a 520-day longitudinal study in a confined environment: the Mars500 mission

Microbiome ◽

10.1186/s40168-021-01070-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Giovanni Bacci ◽

Alessio Mengoni ◽

Giovanni Emiliani ◽

Carolina Chiellini ◽

Edoardo Giovanni Cipriani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Physical Space ◽

Experimental System ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Human Microbiota ◽

Salivary Microbiota ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Longitudinal Study Design ◽

Confined Environment

Abstract Background The human microbiota plays several roles in health and disease but is often difficult to determine which part is in intimate relationships with the host vs. the occasional presence. During the Mars500 mission, six crewmembers lived completely isolated from the outer world for 520 days following standardized diet regimes. The mission constitutes the first spaceflight simulation to Mars and was a unique experiment to determine, in a longitudinal study design, the composition and importance of the resident vs. a more variable microbiota—the fraction of the human microbiota that changes in time and according to environmental conditions—in humans. Methods Here, we report the characterization of the salivary microbiota from 88 samples taken during and after Mars500 mission for a total of 720 days. Amplicon sequencing of the V3–V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene was performed, and results were analyzed monitoring the diversity of the microbiota while evaluating the effect of the three main variables present in the experimental system: time, diet, and individuality of each subject. Results Results showed statistically significant effects for either time, diet, and individuality of each subject. The main contribution came from the individuality of each subject, emphasizing salivary microbiota-personalized features, and an individual-based resilience of the microbiota. Conclusions The uniqueness of Mars500 mission, allowed to dampen the effect of environmental variables on salivary microbiota, highlighting its pronounced personalization even after sharing the same physical space for more than a year.

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Defining the resilience of the human salivary microbiota by a 520 days longitudinal study in confined environment: the Mars500 mission

10.1101/2020.04.08.031401 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Giovanni Bacci ◽

Alessio Mengoni ◽

Giovanni Emiliani ◽

Carolina Chiellini ◽

Edoardo Giovanni Cipriani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Physical Space ◽

Experimental System ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Human Microbiota ◽

Salivary Microbiota ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Longitudinal Study Design ◽

Confined Environment

AbstractThe human microbiota plays several roles in health and disease but is often difficult to determine which part is in intimate relationships with the host vs. the occasional presence. During the Mars500 mission, six crewmembers lived completely isolated from the outer world for 520 days following standardized diet regimes. The mission constitutes the first spaceflight simulation to Mars and was a unique experiment to determine, in a longitudinal study design, the composition and importance of the resident vs. a more variable microbiota—the fraction of the human microbiota that changes in time and according to environmental conditions—in humans. Here we report the characterization of the salivary microbiota from 88 samples taken during and after the mission for a total of 720 days. Amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was performed and results were analyzed monitoring the diversity of the microbiota while evaluating the effect of the three main variables present in the experimental system: time, diet, and individuality of each subject. Results, though showing statistically significant effects of all three variables, highlighted a main contribution of salivary microbiota personalized features, that is an individual-based resilience of the microbiota. Such findings open the way to consider salivary microbiota under the light of a pronounced personalization even after sharing the same physical space for more than a year.

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Defining the resilience of the human salivary microbiota by a 520 days longitudinal study in confined environment: the Mars500 mission

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33131/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Renato Fani ◽

Giovanni Bacci ◽

Alessio Mengoni ◽

Giovanni Emiliani ◽

Carolina Chiellini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Physical Space ◽

Experimental System ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Human Microbiota ◽

Salivary Microbiota ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Longitudinal Study Design ◽

Confined Environment

Abstract Background The human microbiota plays several roles in health and disease but is often difficult to determine which part is in intimate relationships with the host vs. the occasional presence. During the Mars500 mission, six crewmembers lived completely isolated from the outer world for 520 days following standardized diet regimes. The mission constitutes the first spaceflight simulation to Mars and was a unique experiment to determine, in a longitudinal study design, the composition and importance of the resident vs. a more variable microbiota—the fraction of the human microbiota that changes in time and according to environmental conditions—in humans.Methods Here we report the characterization of the salivary microbiota from 88 samples taken during and after Mars500 mission for a total of 720 days. Amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was performed and results were analyzed monitoring the diversity of the microbiota while evaluating the effect of the three main variables present in the experimental system: time, diet, and individuality of each subject.Results Results, showed statistically significant effects for either time, diet, and individuality of each subject. The main contribution came from the individuality of each subject, emphasizing salivary microbiota personalized features and an individual-based resilience of the microbiota.Conclusions The uniqueness of Mars500 mission, allowed to clearly dissect the environmental variables of salivary microbiota, highlighting its pronounced personalization even after sharing the same physical space for more than a year.

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