Effects of Cognitive Training on Resting-State Functional Connectivity of Default Mode, Salience, and Central Executive Networks

Abstract Background Migraine affects roughly 10% of youth aged 5–15 years, however the underlying mechanisms of migraine in youth are poorly understood. Multiple structural and functional alterations have been shown in the brains of adult migraine sufferers. This study aims to investigate the effects of migraine on resting-state functional connectivity during the period of transition from childhood to adolescence, a critical period of brain development and the time when rates of pediatric chronic pain spikes. Methods Using independent component analysis, we compared resting state network spatial maps and power spectra between youth with migraine aged 7–15 and age-matched controls. Statistical comparisons were conducted using a MANCOVA analysis. Results We show (1) group by age interaction effects on connectivity in the visual and salience networks, group by sex interaction effects on connectivity in the default mode network and group by pubertal status interaction effects on connectivity in visual and frontal parietal networks, and (2) relationships between connectivity in the visual networks and the migraine cycle, and age by cycle interaction effects on connectivity in the visual, default mode and sensorimotor networks. Conclusions We demonstrate that brain alterations begin early in youth with migraine and are modulated by development. This highlights the need for further study into the neural mechanisms of migraine in youth specifically, to aid in the development of more effective treatments.

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ALTERED DEFAULT MODE NETWORK (DMN) RESTING STATE FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY FOLLOWING A MINDFULNESS-BASED EXPOSURE THERAPY FOR POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) IN COMBAT VETERANS OF AFGHANISTAN AND IRAQ

Depression and Anxiety ◽

10.1002/da.22481 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 289-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Anthony P. King ◽

Stefanie R. Block ◽

Rebecca K. Sripada ◽

Sheila Rauch ◽

Nicholas Giardino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Default Mode Network ◽

Resting State ◽

Combat Veterans ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Exposure Therapy ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Default Mode

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Macroscopic cortical dynamics: Spatially uncorrelated but temporally coherent rich-club organisations in source-space resting-state EEG

10.1101/2020.07.23.217786 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Steve Mehrkanoon

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Complex Dynamics ◽

Cortical Activity ◽

Computational Technique ◽

Salience Network ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Default Mode ◽

Rich Club ◽

Topological Features

AbstractSynchronous oscillations of neuronal populations support resting-state cortical activity. Recent studies indicate that resting-state functional connectivity is not static, but exhibits complex dynamics. The mechanisms underlying the complex dynamics of cortical activity have not been well characterised. Here, we directly apply singular value decomposition (SVD) in source-reconstructed electroencephalography (EEG) in order to characterise the dynamics of spatiotemporal patterns of resting-state functional connectivity. We found that changes in resting-state functional connectivity were associated with distinct complex topological features, “Rich-Club organisation”, of the default mode network, salience network, and motor network. Rich-club topology of the salience network revealed greater functional connectivity between ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior insula, whereas Rich-club topologies of the default mode networks revealed bilateral functional connectivity between fronto-parietal and posterior cortices. Spectral analysis of the dynamics underlying Rich-club organisations of these source-space network patterns revealed that resting-state cortical activity exhibit distinct dynamical regimes whose intrinsic expressions contain fast oscillations in the alpha-beta band and with the envelope-signal in the timescale of < 0.1 Hz. Our findings thus demonstrated that multivariate eigen-decomposition of source-reconstructed EEG is a reliable computational technique to explore how dynamics of spatiotemporal features of the resting-state cortical activity occur that oscillate at distinct frequencies.

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Mediating Role of The Default Mode Network On Parental Acceptance/Warmth and Psychopathology in Youth

10.21203/rs.3.rs-799470/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kaley Davis ◽

Emily Hirsch ◽

Dylan Gee ◽

Margaret Andover ◽

Amy Krain Roy

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Default Mode Network ◽

Resting State ◽

Parental Attitudes ◽

Community Sample ◽

Positive Parenting ◽

Parental Acceptance ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Default Mode

Abstract Humans are reliant on their caregivers for an extended period of time, offering numerous opportunities for environmental factors, such as parental attitudes and behaviors, to impact brain development. The default mode network is a neural system encompassing the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and temporo-parietal junction, which is implicated in aspects of cognition and psychopathology. Delayed default mode network maturation in children and adolescents has been associated with greater general dimensional psychopathology, and positive parenting behaviors have been suggested to serve as protective mechanisms against atypical default mode network development. The current study aimed to extend the existing research by examining whether within- default mode network resting-state functional connectivity would mediate the relation between parental acceptance/warmth and youth psychopathology. Data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study, which included a community sample of 9,058 children ages 9-10.9 years, were analyzed to test this prediction. Results from the analysis demonstrated a significant mediation, where greater parental acceptance/warmth predicted greater within- default mode network resting-state functional connectivity, which in turn predicted lower psychopathology. Our study provides preliminary support for the notion that positive parenting traits may reduce the risk for psychopathology in youth through their influence on the default mode network. Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study, we can only draw correlational inference; therefore, these relationships should be tested longitudinally in future investigations.

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