scholarly journals Effects of Cognitive Reserve on Cognitive Performance in a Follow-Up Study in Older Adults With Subjective Cognitive Complaints. The Role of Working Memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Lojo-Seoane ◽  
David Facal ◽  
Joan Guàrdia-Olmos ◽  
Arturo X. Pereiro ◽  
Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Complaints

Cognitive reserve and working memory in cognitive performance of adults with subjective cognitive complaints: longitudinal structural equation modeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Lojo-Seoane ◽  
David Facal ◽  
Joan Guàrdia-Olmos ◽  
Arturo X. Pereiro ◽  
María Campos-Magdaleno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Longitudinal Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Complaints

ABSTRACTObjective:To study the influence of cognitive reserve (CR) on cognitive performance of individuals with subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) within a period of 36 months.Design:We used a general linear model repeated measures procedure to analyze the differences in performance between three assessments. We used a longitudinal structural equation modeling to analyze the relationship between CR and cognitive performance at baseline and at two follow-up assessments.Setting:Participants with SCCs were recruited and assessed in primary care health centers.Participants:A total of 212 participants older than 50 years with SCCs.Measurements:Cognitive reserve data were collected with an ad hoc questionnaire administered to the subjects in an interview. General cognitive performance (GCP), episodic memory (EM), and working memory (WM) have been evaluated. The Mini-Mental State Examination and the total score of Spanish version of the Cambridge Cognitive Examination evaluated the GCP. Episodic memory was assessed with the Spanish version of the California Verbal Learning. Working memory was evaluated by the counting span task and the listening span task.Results:The satisfactory fit of the proposed model confirmed the direct effects of CR on WM and GCP at baseline, as well as indirect effects on EM and WM at first and second follow-up. Indirect effects of CR on other cognitive constructs via WM were observed over time.Conclusion:The proposed model is useful for measuring the influence of CR on cognitive performance over time. Cognitive response acquired throughout life may influence cognitive performance in old age and prevent cognitive deterioration, thus increasing processing resources via WM.

The Impact of Working Memory Training on Cognitive Abilities in Older Adults: The Role of Cognitive Reserve

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Sara Mičič ◽  
Marina Horvat ◽  
Karin Bakracevic
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine whether Working Memory (WM) training improves the cognitive functioning of older adults and to determine the role of cognitive reserve in WM training. Method: Twenty-one older adults, aged between 65 and 91 years were included in the study. Ten of them were in the experimental group and 11 in the passive control group. The experimental group underwent 15 training sessions of n-back training over a period of five weeks, whereas the control group remained passive. All participants (from the experimental and control group) were tested before the training, one week after the training, and three months after the training with Rey– Osterrieth/Taylor Complex Figure test (ROCF), Digit span, and TMT (part A and part B). Results and Conclusion: Results of our study suggest that although the experimental group slightly improved their performance on the trained task, the progress was not statistically significant. There was also no statistically significant transfer of training effects onto tasks of visual-spatial and verbal memory, as well as those related to executive functioning. However, the study did identify a statistically significant correlation between cognitive reserve and certain tests performed at the final testing: tasks measuring executive functioning and spatial ability. Results also revealed that the group that showed improvement in the training task was significantly better in the ROCF test in comparison with the group that had not improved their performance on the N-back task. Thus, visual-spatial abilities (visual perception, construction, and memory) were more connected with success in WM training, than other measured cognitive abilities (e.g. verbal and numerical memory).

What do subjective cognitive complaints in persons with aging-associated cognitive decline reflect?

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Kliegel ◽  
Daniel Zimprich ◽  
Anne Eschen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Depressive Affect ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Complaints

Background: Subjective cognitive complaints have been included in diagnostic concepts such as Aging-Associated Cognitive Decline (AACD) aiming to identify older adults with cognitive impairments at high risk of developing dementia. Although several studies in normal aging have found that subjective cognitive complaints are related to depressive affect and personality factors, little is known as to whether this is also true for older adults with AACD.Methods: In 123 older adults diagnosed with AACD and 291 controls, the role of actual cognitive performance, depressive affect, neuroticism and conscientiousness in predicting subjective cognitive complaints was investigated. In separate ordinary least squares regression analyses for both groups with gender, age, years of schooling, cognitive performance, depressive affect, neuroticism and conscientiousness as predicting variables, in the control participants, gender, age, depressive affect and neuroticism were related to subjective cognitive complaints, whereas in the AACD participants only gender and neuroticism accounted for variance in subjective cognitive complaints. Testing for group differences in predictive power, revealed differential effects for gender, depressive affect and neuroticism.Conclusions: As subjective cognitive complaints in the AACD group were related to neuroticism and gender rather than to cognitive performance, their inclusion in diagnostic concepts such as AACD should be revaluated. However, the nature of subjective cognitive complaints might be qualitatively different in persons diagnosed with AACD compared to those stated by normal older adults.

[P3-470]: COGNITIVE RESERVE (CR) AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN PEOPLE WITH SUBJECTIVE COGNITIVE COMPLAINTS (SCCS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7S_Part_24) ◽  
pp. P1155-P1156
Author(s):  
Cristina Lojo-Seoane ◽  
David Facal ◽  
Arturo X. Pereiro ◽  
Maria Campos-Magdaleno ◽  
Sabela C. Mallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Complaints

The dual role of cognitive reserve in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment: a 7-year follow-up study

2019 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Mazzeo ◽  
Sonia Padiglioni ◽  
Silvia Bagnoli ◽  
Laura Bracco ◽  
Benedetta Nacmias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Follow Up Study

scholarly journals Influence of Cognitive Reserve on Cognitive Trajectories: Role of Brain Pathologies

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012728
Author(s):  
Xuerui Li ◽  
Ruixue Song ◽  
Xiuying Qi ◽  
Hui Xu ◽  
Wenzhe Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Global Cognition

Background and Objectives:Evidence on the association of the cognitive reserve (CR) with the cognitive trajectories is limited. We aimed to examine the influence of CR indicator on domain-specific cognitive trajectories taking brain pathologies into account.Methods:Within the Rush Memory and Aging Project, 1,697 dementia-free participants (mean age: 79.6 years) were followed up to 21 years. CR indicator encompassing education, early-life, mid-life, and late-life cognitive activities, and late-life social activity was ascertained at baseline and categorized as tertiles (the lowest, middle, and highest). Global cognition, episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, visuospatial ability, and perceptual speed were assessed annually with 19 tests, from which composite scores were derived. During the follow-up, 648 died and underwent autopsies to evaluate brain pathologies. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models.Results:Among the participants, the score of the CR indicator ranged from -8.00 to 5.74 (mean: 0.00±2.23). In multi-adjusted mixed-effect models, compared to the lowest CR, the highest was related to a slower decline in global cognition (β=0.028, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.012 to 0.043), episodic memory (β=0.028, 95% CI: 0.010 to 0.047) and working memory (β=0.019, 95% CI: 0.005 to 0.033) during the follow-up. In brain pathological data analysis, the association of the highest CR with cognitive function changes remained significant among participants with high Alzheimer’s disease pathology or gross infarcts.Discussion:High CR indicator is associated with preserved global cognitive function, episodic memory, and working memory, even in the presence of brain pathologies. Our findings highlight the important role of high CR accumulation in the prevention of cognitive decline.

The Relation of Hypertension to Performance in Immediate and Delayed Cued Recall and Working Memory in Old Age: The Role of Cognitive Reserve

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1171-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Ihle ◽  
Élvio R. Gouveia ◽  
Bruna R. Gouveia ◽  
Duarte L. Freitas ◽  
Jefferson Jurema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
The Life Course

Objective: We investigated the relation of hypertension to cognitive performance and its interplay with key markers of cognitive reserve in a large sample of older adults. Method: We assessed tests of immediate and delayed cued recall and working memory in 701 older adults. We measured systolic blood pressure and interviewed individuals on their education, past occupation, and cognitive leisure activity. Results: Hypertension (≥140 mmHg) was related to lower performance in all three cognitive measures. Moderation analyses suggested that these relations were reduced in individuals with greater engaging in cognitive leisure activity. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that hypertension was not related to any of the three investigated cognitive performance measures when education, cognitive level of job, and cognitive leisure activity were simultaneously taken into account. Discussion: The detrimental influences of hypertension on cognitive functioning in old age may be reduced in individuals with greater cognitive reserve accumulated during the life course.

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