scholarly journals Somatostatin and Neuropeptide Y in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Correlations With Amyloid Peptides Aβ1–42 and Tau Proteins in Elderly Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Duron ◽  
Jean-Sébastien Vidal ◽  
Dominique Grousselle ◽  
Audrey Gabelle ◽  
Sylvain Lehmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Tau Proteins ◽  
Amyloid Peptides

The Head Turning Sign in Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Its Relationship to Cognition, Behavior, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Durães ◽  
Miguel Tábuas-Pereira ◽  
Rui Araújo ◽  
Diana Duro ◽  
Inês Baldeiras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Tau Proteins ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Head Turning ◽  
Total Tau ◽  
Scale Scores

Background/Aims: The head turning sign (HTS) is frequently noticed in clinical practice, but few studies have investigated its etiological and neuropsychological correlates. Methods: The presence and frequency of the HTS was operationalized and prospectively evaluated in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples for AD biomarkers were collected. Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and insight scale scores were ascertained. Results: A total of 84 patients were included. The HTS was more prevalent in AD than in MCI or bvFTD. It correlated negatively with cognitive measures and depression. It also had a positive correlation with CSF total tau and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. Total tau protein and GDS score were the only variables independently associated with the HTS. Conclusions: The presence of the HTS in a cognitively impaired individual suggests a diagnosis of AD. A higher HTS frequency correlates with higher CSF total tau levels, a smaller GDS score, and worse cognitive measures. In the MCI subgroup, the HTS may suggest a higher risk of progression.

scholarly journals Biological Features of Reversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Normal Cognition: A Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers and Brain Volume

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Kamyar Moradi ◽  
Shahriar Faghani ◽  
AmirHussein Abdolalizadeh ◽  
Mohammadreza Khomeijani-Farahani ◽  
Amir Ashraf-Ganjouei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Tau Proteins ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Atrophy Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Cognition

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional condition between normal cognition and dementia. Although a significant proportion of the population with MCI experience reversion to normal cognition, it is still poorly understood. Objective: This study was designed to extend the present evidence regarding the difference between stable and reverting MCI by including whole brain atrophy measures as possible parameters involved. Methods: 405 patients diagnosed with MCI at baseline were selected. After one-year follow-up period, 337 patients (83.2%) were categorized as stable MCI and 68 patients (16.8%) reverted to cognitively normal status (reversion group). Several baseline biomarkers including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD, including Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau and MRI-based atrophy measurements were compared. Results: Participants with stable MCI demonstrated greater brain atrophy as well as lower Aβ and higher tau proteins in the CSF. The atrophy rate was found to be associated with CSF biomarkers merely in the stable group, after adjustment for confounding variables. Conclusion: These findings provide novel evidence regarding the biological perspective of the reversion phenomenon in individuals with MCI.

scholarly journals Increased YKL-40 but Not C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1094
Author(s):  
Víctor Antonio Blanco-Palmero ◽  
Marcos Rubio-Fernández ◽  
Desireé Antequera ◽  
Alberto Villarejo-Galende ◽  
José Antonio Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Protein Unfolding ◽  
Testable Hypothesis ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein

Neuroinflammation is a common feature in Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s (PD) disease. In the last few decades, a testable hypothesis was proposed that protein-unfolding events might occur due to neuroinflammatory cascades involving alterations in the crosstalk between glial cells and neurons. Here, we tried to clarify the pattern of two of the most promising biomarkers of neuroinflammation in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in AD and PD. This study included cognitively unimpaired elderly patients, patients with mild cognitive impairment, patients with AD dementia, and patients with PD. CSF samples were analyzed for YKL-40 and C-reactive protein (CRP). We found that CSF YKL-40 levels were significantly increased only in dementia stages of AD. Additionally, increased YKL-40 levels were found in the cerebral orbitofrontal cortex from AD patients in agreement with augmented astrogliosis. Our study confirms that these biomarkers of neuroinflammation are differently detected in CSF from AD and PD patients.

Role of Inflammatory Markers in Elderly Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa S. Hosny ◽  
Ahmed M. Bahaaeldin ◽  
Mohamed S. Khater ◽  
Meram M. Bekhet ◽  
Hayam A. Hebah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
And Control

<P>Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. The etiology of cognitive impairment in people with T2DM is uncertain but, chronic hyperglycemia, cerebral micro vascular disease, severe hypoglycemia, and increased prevalence of macro vascular disease are implicated. </P><P> Objectives: To determine the serum levels of soluble vascular adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1) and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in elderly type 2 diabetics with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Our study was conducted on 90 elderly subjects (aged 60 years old or more). They were divided into Group І, 30 patients with T2DM and mild cognitive impairment, group ІІ, 30 patients with T2DM without cognitive impairment and group III, 30 healthy subjects as a control group. They were subjected to history taking, full clinical examination, anthropometric measurement, the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE---III 2012), Fasting plasma glucose, 2 hours plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, protein/creatinine ratio, serum sVCAM-1 and hs-CRP. Results: Serum levels of sVCAM-1 in diabetic elderly patients with MCI were significantly higher (946.7 ± 162.01 ng/ml) than diabetic elderly patients without cognitive impairment (479.06 ± 65.27 ng/ml) and control (263.7 ± 72.05 ng/ml) with (P=0.002). Serum levels of Hs-CRP in diabetic elderly patients with MCI were significantly higher than as diabetic elderly patients without cognitive impairment and control with (P=0.005). Conclusion: Elderly diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment have higher levels of soluble adhesion molecules and markers of low-grade systemic inflammation than other groups.</P>

scholarly journals Unique Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Dysfunction Neuroinflammatory and Immune Profiles in Alzheimer’s Disease with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jagan A. Pillai ◽  
James Bena ◽  
Lynn M. Bekris ◽  
Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer ◽  
Catherine Heinzinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers ◽  
Circulating Markers

Sleep dysfunction has been identified in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the role and mechanism of circadian rhythm dysfunction is less well understood. In a well-characterized cohort of patients with AD at the mild cognitive impairment stage (MCI-AD), we identify that circadian rhythm irregularities were accompanied by altered humoral immune responses detected in both the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma as well as alterations of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration. On the other hand, sleep disruption was more so associated with abnormalities in circulating markers of immunity and inflammation and decrements in cognition.

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