scholarly journals A Guide for Using Flight Simulators to Study the Sensory Basis of Long-Distance Migration in Insects

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dreyer ◽  
Barrie Frost ◽  
Henrik Mouritsen ◽  
Adrien Lefèvre ◽  
Myles Menz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Flight Simulators ◽  
Lepidopteran Species ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Simulator Design ◽  
Migratory Routes ◽  
Noctuid Species

Studying the routes flown by long-distance migratory insects comes with the obvious challenge that the animal’s body size and weight is comparably low. This makes it difficult to attach relatively heavy transmitters to these insects in order to monitor their migratory routes (as has been done for instance in several species of migratory birds. However, the rather delicate anatomy of insects can be advantageous for testing their capacity to orient with respect to putative compass cues during indoor experiments under controlled conditions. Almost 20 years ago, Barrie Frost and Henrik Mouritsen developed a flight simulator which enabled them to monitor the heading directions of tethered migratory Monarch butterflies, both indoors and outdoors. The design described in the original paper has been used in many follow-up studies to describe the orientation capacities of mainly diurnal lepidopteran species. Here we present a modification of this flight simulator design that enables studies of nocturnal long-distance migration in moths while allowing controlled magnetic, visual and mechanosensory stimulation. This modified flight simulator has so far been successfully used to study the sensory basis of migration in two European and one Australian migratory noctuid species.

scholarly journals Climate change alters the optimal wind-dependent flight routes of an avian migrant

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1854) ◽  
pp. 20170149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Nourani ◽  
Noriyuki M. Yamaguchi ◽  
Hiroyoshi Higuchi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ecological Barriers ◽  
Migratory Routes ◽  
Wind Support ◽  
Study Species ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Migratory birds can be adversely affected by climate change as they encounter its geographically uneven impacts in various stages of their life cycle. While a wealth of research is devoted to the impacts of climate change on distribution range and phenology of migratory birds, the indirect effects of climate change on optimal migratory routes and flyways, through changes in air movements, are poorly understood. Here, we predict the influence of climate change on the migratory route of a long-distant migrant using an ensemble of correlative modelling approaches, and present and future atmospheric data obtained from a regional climate model. We show that changes in wind conditions by mid-century will result in a slight shift and reduction in the suitable areas for migration of the study species, the Oriental honey-buzzard, over a critical section of its autumn journey, followed by a complete loss of this section of the traditional route by late century. Our results highlight the need for investigating the consequences of climate change-induced disturbance in wind support for long-distance migratory birds, particularly species that depend on the wind to cross ecological barriers, and those that will be exposed to longer journeys due to future range shifts.

scholarly journals Birds as disseminators of ixodid ticks and tick-borne pathogens: note on the relevance to migratory routes

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor Hornok ◽  
Zsolt Karcza ◽  
Tibor Csörgő
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Migratory Routes

Absract It has been a long studied issue, that birds are frequently infested with ixodid ticks, and consequently play a significant role in disseminating tick-borne pathogens (especially during their seasonal migration) and influence the epidemiology of relevant diseases. In connection with the first Hungarian molecular epidemiological survey on this topic the authors would like to note, that a new, ornithological aspect of similar researches may deserve future attention. Ticks removed from mid- and long-distance migratory birds and the tick-borne pathogens they may contain can be molecularly identified (i.e. with sequencing certain genes), and their sequences could be compared with others internationally available (deposited in the GenBank). This may provide clues for determining the place or country where the bird most likely acquired its tick-infestation, and thus for the probable route of seasonal migration.

What graduate follow-up studies can tell us

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 976-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda H Distlehorst
Keyword(s):  
Follow Up Studies

Beurteilung der Adriamycin-Kardiotoxizität mittels der Äquilibrium-Radionuklid-Ventrikulographie

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (05) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Knesewitsch ◽  
N. H. Göldel ◽  
S. Fritsch ◽  
E. Moser
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Peak Filling Rate ◽  
Base System ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Ejection Rate ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Pathologic Findings ◽  
Peak Ejection Rate

Results of 606 equilibrium radionuclide ventriculographies (ERNV) performed in 348 non-selected patients receiving Adriamycin (ADM) therapy were stored in a data base system. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of a potential cardiotoxic therapy on left ventricular pump function. Increasing ADM doses yielded a significant (p <0.05) decrease of the resting ejection fraction (R-gEF), the peak ejection rate and the peak filling rate. Enddiastolic and endsystolic volumes increased significantly. Stroke volume, heart rate and time to peak filling rate did not change significantly. 368 follow-up studies were performed in 128 patients: 65/128 patients presented a decrease of R-gEF, but only in 45 of these patients R-gEF values fell into the pathologic range. In 44 of these follow-ups, R-gEF remained unchanged. In 19 patients, a R-gEF increase was observed. At the beginning of ADM therapy 14% of the patients had subnormal R-gEF values. With increasing ADM doses pathologic findings increased to 86% in patients with ADM doses higher than 500 mg/m2.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Natural Product Lipoxazolidinone A

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Mills ◽  
Kaylib R. Robinson ◽  
Troy E. Zehnder ◽  
Joshua G. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Marine Natural Products ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Initial Resistance ◽  
Synthesis And Biological Evaluation

The lipoxazolidinone family of marine natural products, with an unusual 4-oxazolidinone heterocycle at their core, represents a new scaffold for antimicrobial discovery; however, questions regarding their mechanism of action and high lipophilicity have likely slowed follow-up studies. Herein, we report the first synthesis of lipoxazolidinone A, 15 structural analogs to explore its active pharmacophore, and initial resistance and mechanism of action studies. These results suggest that 4-oxazolidinones are valuable scaffolds for antimicrobial development and reveal simplified lead compounds for further optimization.

Stereotactic radiation treatment planning and follow-up studies involving fused multimodality imaging

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (Supplement3) ◽  
pp. 326-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus D. Hamm ◽  
Gunnar Surber ◽  
Michael Schmücking ◽  
Reinhard E. Wurm ◽  
Rene Aschenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Fusion ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Radiation Treatment Planning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Innovative new software solutions may enable image fusion to produce the desired data superposition for precise target definition and follow-up studies in radiosurgery/stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with intracranial lesions. The aim is to integrate the anatomical and functional information completely into the radiation treatment planning and to achieve an exact comparison for follow-up examinations. Special conditions and advantages of BrainLAB's fully automatic image fusion system are evaluated and described for this purpose. Methods. In 458 patients, the radiation treatment planning and some follow-up studies were performed using an automatic image fusion technique involving the use of different imaging modalities. Each fusion was visually checked and corrected as necessary. The computerized tomography (CT) scans for radiation treatment planning (slice thickness 1.25 mm), as well as stereotactic angiography for arteriovenous malformations, were acquired using head fixation with stereotactic arc or, in the case of stereotactic radiotherapy, with a relocatable stereotactic mask. Different magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences (T1, T2, and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery images) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans were obtained without head fixation. Fusion results and the effects on radiation treatment planning and follow-up studies were analyzed. The precision level of the results of the automatic fusion depended primarily on the image quality, especially the slice thickness and the field homogeneity when using MR images, as well as on patient movement during data acquisition. Fully automated image fusion of different MR, CT, and PET studies was performed for each patient. Only in a few cases was it necessary to correct the fusion manually after visual evaluation. These corrections were minor and did not materially affect treatment planning. High-quality fusion of thin slices of a region of interest with a complete head data set could be performed easily. The target volume for radiation treatment planning could be accurately delineated using multimodal information provided by CT, MR, angiography, and PET studies. The fusion of follow-up image data sets yielded results that could be successfully compared and quantitatively evaluated. Conclusions. Depending on the quality of the originally acquired image, automated image fusion can be a very valuable tool, allowing for fast (∼ 1–2 minute) and precise fusion of all relevant data sets. Fused multimodality imaging improves the target volume definition for radiation treatment planning. High-quality follow-up image data sets should be acquired for image fusion to provide exactly comparable slices and volumetric results that will contribute to quality contol.

scholarly journals MAPPING AND ENHANCING DESIGN STUDIES WITH PSI META-THEORETIC DESIGN FRAMEWORK

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2007-2016
Author(s):  
Yoram Reich ◽  
Eswaran Subrahmanian
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Abstraction Level ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Abstract Framework ◽  
Tools And Methods

AbstractDesign research as a field has been studied from diverse perspectives starting from product inception to their disposal. The product of these studies includes knowledge, tools, methods, processes, frameworks, approaches, and theories. The contexts of these studies are innumerable. The unit of these studies varies from individuals to organizations, using a variety of theoretical tools and methods that have fragmented the field, making it difficult to understand the map of this corpus of knowledge across this diversity.In this paper, we propose a model-based approach that on the one hand, does not delve into the details of the design object itself, but on the other hand, unifies the description of design problem at another abstraction level. The use of this abstract framework allows for describing and comparing underlying models of published design studies using the same language to place them in the right context in which design takes place and to enable to inter-relate them, to understand the wholes and the parts of design studies.Patterns of successful studies could be generated and used by researchers to improve the design of new studies, understand the outcome of existing studies, and plan follow-up studies.

scholarly journals A framework for the evaluation of patients with congenital facial weakness

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryn D. Webb ◽  
Irini Manoli ◽  
Elizabeth C. Engle ◽  
Ethylin W. Jabs
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Facial Weakness ◽  
The Core ◽  
Follow Up Studies

AbstractThere is a broad differential for patients presenting with congenital facial weakness, and initial misdiagnosis unfortunately is common for this phenotypic presentation. Here we present a framework to guide evaluation of patients with congenital facial weakness disorders to enable accurate diagnosis. The core categories of causes of congenital facial weakness include: neurogenic, neuromuscular junction, myopathic, and other. This diagnostic algorithm is presented, and physical exam considerations, additional follow-up studies and/or consultations, and appropriate genetic testing are discussed in detail. This framework should enable clinical geneticists, neurologists, and other rare disease specialists to feel prepared when encountering this patient population and guide diagnosis, genetic counseling, and clinical care.

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