scholarly journals Associations Among Diffusion Tensor Image Along the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS), Enlarged Perivascular Space (ePVS), and Cognitive Functions in Asymptomatic Patients With Carotid Plaque

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Shuai Yang ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Xiaojuan Liu ◽  
Shanyi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Perivascular Space ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Image ◽  
Perivascular Spaces ◽  
Glymphatic System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Controls

Background and Aim: Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is a common pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease closely related to stroke and silent cerebrovascular disease (SCD), while the insufficient brain perfusion mechanism cannot quite explain the mechanism. The purpose of this study was to utilize diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) to evaluate the glymphatic system activity and correlated DTI-ALPS with enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS), carotid intima-media thickening (CIMT), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and serological indicator in individuals with carotid plaque.Methods: Routine MRI and diffusion tensor images scan of the brain, carotid ultrasound, and blood examination were conducted on 74 individuals (52 carotid plaque subjects, 22 non-carotid plaque subjects), whose demographic and clinical characteristics were also recorded. DTI-ALPS index between patients with carotid plaque and normal controls were acquired and the correlations with other variables were analyzed.Results: The values of ALPS-index in the carotid plaque group was significantly lower compared to normal controls (2.12 ± 0.39, 1.95 ± 0.28, respectively, p = 0.034). The ALPS-index was negatively correlated with the basal ganglia (BG)-ePVS score (r = −0.242, p = 0.038) while there was no significant difference in the centrum semiovale (CSO)-ePVS score. Further analysis showed that there are more high-grade ePVS in the BG compared to the carotid plaque group than in the non-carotid plaque group (84.6% vs. 40.9%, p = 0.001).Conclusions: ALPS-index reflects the glymphatic system of the brain, which is associated with early high-risk cerebrovascular diseases. There may be damage in the function of the glymphatic system which induces the expansion of the perivascular space (PVS) in the BG in individuals with carotid plaque.

scholarly journals Associations among Cognitive Functions, Plasma DNA, and Diffusion tensor image along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Ling Chen ◽  
Pei-Chin Chen ◽  
Cheng-Hsien Lu ◽  
Nai-Wen Tsai ◽  
Chiun-Chieh Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Perivascular Space ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Image ◽  
Plasma Dna ◽  
Glymphatic System ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
Normal Controls

Abstract Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease associated with accumulation of misfolding proteins and increased neuroinflammation. The purpose of this study was to utilize diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) to evaluate glymphatic system activity, and its relationship with systemic oxidative stress status in PD patients. Methods Magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological tests were conducted on 25 PD patients with normal cognition (PDN), 25 PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), 38 PD patients with dementia (PDD), and 47 normal controls (NC). Oxidative stress status was assessed by plasma DNA level. Differences in ALPS-index among the subgroups were assessed and further correlated with cognitive functions and plasma DNA levels. Results The PD-MCI and PDD groups showed significantly lower ALPS-index compared to normal controls. The lower ALPS-index was correlated with higher plasma nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA levels, and lower cognitive scores. Conclusions Lower diffusivity along the perivascular space, represented by lower ALPS-index, indicates impairment of the glymphatic system in PD patients. The correlation between elevated plasma nuclear DNA levels and lower ALPS-index support the notion that PD patients may exhibit increased oxidative stress associated with glymphatic system microstructural alterations.

scholarly journals Associations among Cognitive Functions, Plasma DNA, and Diffusion Tensor Image along the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Ling Chen ◽  
Pei-Chin Chen ◽  
Cheng-Hsien Lu ◽  
Nai-Wen Tsai ◽  
Chiun-Chieh Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Perivascular Space ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Image ◽  
Plasma Dna ◽  
Glymphatic System ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
Normal Controls

Background. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease associated with accumulation of misfolding proteins and increased neuroinflammation, which may further impair the glymphatic system. The purpose of this study was to utilize diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) to evaluate glymphatic system activity and its relationship with systemic oxidative stress status in PD patients. Methods. Magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological tests were conducted on 25 PD patients with normal cognition (PDN), 25 PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), 38 PD patients with dementia (PDD), and 47 normal controls (NC). Oxidative stress status was assessed by plasma DNA level. Differences in ALPS-index among the subgroups were assessed and further correlated with cognitive functions and plasma DNA levels. Results. The PD-MCI and PDD groups showed significantly lower ALPS-index compared to normal controls. The ALPS-index was inversely correlated with plasma nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA levels, and cognitive scores. Conclusions. Lower diffusivity along the perivascular space, represented by lower ALPS-index, indicates impairment of the glymphatic system in PD patients. The correlation between elevated plasma nuclear DNA levels and lower ALPS-index supports the notion that PD patients may exhibit increased oxidative stress associated with glymphatic system microstructural alterations.

scholarly journals Diffusion Tensor Imaging Along the Perivascular Space Index in Different Stages of Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Ma ◽  
Shuhua Li ◽  
Chunmei Li ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Perivascular Space ◽  
Periventricular White Matter ◽  
Perivascular Spaces ◽  
Glymphatic System ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Association Fibers

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the glymphatic system activity in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) using the diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) methods.Methods: In total, 71 patients with idiopathic PD and 36 age- and sex-matched normal controls (NCs) were involved. Patients with PD were divided into early (n = 35) and late (n = 36) subgroups, based on Hoehn and Yahr (HY) stages. We calculated the diffusivity along the perivascular spaces (ALPS), as well as projection fibers and association fibers separately, to acquire the ALPS index. Enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) and periventricular white matter hyperintensities were also rated. Differences in ALPS index between the PD group and NCs and between two PD subgroups and NCs were compared. In addition, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between ALPS index and clinical variables.Results: Patients with PD revealed lower ALPS index than NCs (p = 0.010). The late PD group exhibited significantly lower ALPS index than NCs (p = 0.006). However, there were no marked differences noticed in ALPS index between NCs and early PD group and between the two PD subgroups. In the early PD group, there was a significantly positive correlation between ALPS index and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (β = 0.021, p = 0.029) and a negative correlation between ALPS index and EPVS score (β = −0.050, p = 0.034), after controlling for multiple variables. In the late PD group, ALPS index was inversely associated with age (β = −0.012, p = 0.004).Conclusion: Impairment of the glymphatic system is involved in PD. DTI-ALPS index could be a promising biomarker of glymphatic system in PD.

Impairment in Serial Learning of Visually Presented Spatial Patterns

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Whitman
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Serial Learning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fixed Order ◽  
Learning Impairment ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Controls

Groups of schizophrenic, psychoneurotic, and brain-damaged patients and normal controls practiced reproducing a set of patterns briefly presented in a fixed order. The normal Ss learned these faster than the other groups, and the brain-damaged group had the greatest difficulty. There was no significant difference between the schizophrenic and the psychoneurotic groups. The results are interpreted as evidence of one type of learning impairment associated with these disorders.

MO216PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE GLYMPHATIC SYSTEM IN CKD

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Buonincontri ◽  
Davide Viggiano ◽  
Giovambattista Capasso
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Water Diffusion ◽  
Perivascular Spaces ◽  
Glymphatic System ◽  
Ckd Stage

Abstract Background and Aims The glymphatic system is a network of extracellular spaces between neurons, glial cells, and capillaries that promotes the elimination of soluble molecules from the brain. Its dysfunction is probably relevant for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is widely accepted that cognitive impairment accompanies chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is also a risk factor for dementia. However, the role of the glymphatic system in this process is unknown. A recent method to study the glymphatic system in human subjects has been proposed based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) data and water diffusion calculation along with perivascular spaces. This approach is based on calculating a diffusion index named ALPS and showed that the glymphatic flow is reduced in MCI. Method To analyze the role of glymphatic system in CKD patients, we took advantage of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). ADNI is a longitudinal multicenter study helping researchers to monitor Alzheimer's disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) progression. This database has a cohort of control patients and MCI patients, among which several patients with CKD stage II-III were identifiable from the creatinine values. Patients with Alzheimer's disease were excluded for this study. Among the control and MCI patients, we identified 12 CKD patients and pair-matched 12 non-CKD patients comparable for age, gender, and MoCA score. Magnetic resonance data with DTI sequences were retrieved for all patients, and the glymphatic system was characterized by the ALPS index. Tensor values were calculated using the FSL software; the diffusion values were calculated on tensor images using the ImageJ software. Differences in ALPS between CKD and non-CKD patients with and without MCI were tested. Results Analysis of DTI data confirmed that control patients without CKD had lower ALPS values when MCI was present compared to the non-MCI patients, suggesting a reduction of water diffusion in the glymphatic system. However, the presence of CKD had a different effect: in the absence of MCI, CKD did not modify ALPS values compared to non-CKD patients. At variance, in patients with MCI, CKD resulted in a significant increase of water diffusion in the glymphatic system compared to the controls. Conclusion In this preliminary study, MCI and CKD exerted opposite effects on the diffusion of water within the glymphatic system: MCI was accompanied by a reduction of water diffusion whereas CKD by an increased diffusion in the glymphatic spaces. It is possible that small modification of water balance in CKD may be responsible for the increased diffusion of water in glymphatics in CKD. Further studies are needed to verify whether this unexpected phenomenon may modify cognitive function with a mechanism rather different from Alzheimer's disease.

scholarly journals From Stroke to Dementia: a Comprehensive Review Exposing Tight Interactions Between Stroke and Amyloid-β Formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Goulay ◽  
Luis Mena Romo ◽  
Elly M. Hol ◽  
Rick M. Dijkhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Perivascular Space ◽  
Synaptic Dysfunction ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Cerebral Vessel ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Apparent Association

AbstractStroke and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are cerebral pathologies with high socioeconomic impact that can occur together and mutually interact. Vascular factors predisposing to cerebrovascular disease have also been specifically associated with development of AD, and acute stroke is known to increase the risk to develop dementia.Despite the apparent association, it remains unknown how acute cerebrovascular disease and development of AD are precisely linked and act on each other. It has been suggested that this interaction is strongly related to vascular deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ), i.e., cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Furthermore, the blood–brain barrier (BBB), perivascular space, and the glymphatic system, the latter proposedly responsible for the drainage of solutes from the brain parenchyma, may represent key pathophysiological pathways linking stroke, Aβ deposition, and dementia.In this review, we propose a hypothetic connection between CAA, stroke, perivascular space integrity, and dementia. Based on relevant pre-clinical research and a few clinical case reports, we speculate that impaired perivascular space integrity, inflammation, hypoxia, and BBB breakdown after stroke can lead to accelerated deposition of Aβ within brain parenchyma and cerebral vessel walls or exacerbation of CAA. The deposition of Aβ in the parenchyma would then be the initiating event leading to synaptic dysfunction, inducing cognitive decline and dementia. Maintaining the clearance of Aβ after stroke could offer a new therapeutic approach to prevent post-stroke cognitive impairment and development into dementia.

Neuroimaging and neuropathology indices of cerebrovascular disease burden

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 310-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Paradise ◽  
Claire E. Shepherd ◽  
Wei Wen ◽  
Perminder S. Sachdev
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Perivascular Spaces ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Multiple Imaging

ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature on the use of both neuroimaging and neuropathologic indices of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) burden, as estimation of this burden could have multiple benefits in the diagnosis and prognosis of cognitive impairment and dementia.MethodsMEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched (inception to June 2017) to obtain and then systematically review all pertinent neuroimaging and neuropathology studies, where an index of CVD was developed or tested.ResultsTwenty-five neuroimaging articles were obtained, which included 4 unique indices. These utilized a limited range of CVD markers from mainly structural MRI, most commonly white matter hyperintensities (WMH), cerebral microbleeds, and dilated perivascular spaces. Weighting of the constituent markers was often coarse. There were 7 unique neuropathology indices, which were heterogeneous in their regions sampled and lesions examined.ConclusionThere is increasing interest in indices of total CVD burden that incorporate multiple lesions, as traditional individual markers of CVD such as WMH only provide limited information. Neuropathologic indices are needed to validate neuroimaging findings. The studies clearly demonstrated proof of concept that information from multiple imaging measures of CVD provide more information, including a stronger association with cognitive impairment and dementia, than that provided by a single measure. There has been limited exploration of the psychometric properties of published indices and no comparison between indices. Further development of indices is recommended, including the use of data from diffusion tensor and perfusion imaging.

scholarly journals Tai Chi Training Evokes Significant Changes in Brain White Matter Network in Older Women

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlin Yue ◽  
Liye Zou ◽  
Jian Mei ◽  
Damien Moore ◽  
Fabian Herold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Walking Group

Background: Cognitive decline is age relevant and it can start as early as middle age. The decline becomes more obvious among older adults, which is highly associated with increased risk of developing dementia (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease). White matter damage was found to be related to cognitive decline through aging. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effects of Tai Chi (TC) versus walking on the brain white matter network among Chinese elderly women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted where 42 healthy elderly women were included. Tai Chi practitioners (20 females, average age: 62.9 ± 2.38 years, education level 9.05 ± 1.8 years) and the matched walking participants (22 females, average age: 63.27 ± 3.58 years, educational level: 8.86 ± 2.74 years) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) scans. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and graph theory were employed to study the data, construct the white matter matrix, and compare the brain network attributes between the two groups. Results: Results from graph-based analyses showed that the small-world attributes were higher for the TC group than for the walking group (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 1.534). Some effects were significant (p < 0.001) with very large effect sizes. Meanwhile, the aggregation coefficient and local efficiency attributes were also higher for the TC group than for the walking group (p > 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups in node attributes and edge analysis. Conclusion: Regular TC training is more conducive to optimize the brain functioning and networking of the elderly. The results of the current study help to identify the mechanisms underlying the cognitive protective effects of TC.

Cyclic AMP in the CSF of Patients with Schizophrenia

1977 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Biederman ◽  
R. Rimon ◽  
R. Ebstein ◽  
R. H. Belmaker ◽  
J. T. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Neuroleptic Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dopamine Hypothesis ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Controls

SummaryThe dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia proposes that schizophrenia is associated with increased brain dopaminergic function. Because dopamine is thought to stimulate the production of cyclic AMP in the brain, we hypothesized that CSF cyclic AMP would be increased in schizophrenia. Cyclic AMP in the CSF was determined in 19 schizophrenic patients who had not received neuroleptic treatment in the preceding two weeks. No significant difference could be shown between CSF cyclic AMP in these patients and CSF cyclic AMP in 10 psychiatrically normal controls.

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